Rubber Ball Research Articles

Peningkatan Kekuatan Motorik Pada Pasien Stroke Non Hemoragik Dengan Menggenggam Bola Karet : Systematic Review

Background: Stroke is a neurological disease that is often found and stroke management must be done quickly and appropriately. Stroke has various impacts, one of which is paralysis of the limbs or disability. Purpose : to analyze articles related to increasing motor strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients by gripping a rubber ball. The search strategy used two electronic databases, namely: Pubmed and Google Scholar and following the PRISMA (Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis) protocol with a publication range of 2012-2019, obtained 10 articles that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methods: systematic review is used in this research method by searching for article topics based on the database: Pubmed and Google Scholar according to the PRISMA diagram. The diagram includes identification, eligibility, screening, and determination of articles that enter the inclusion criteria. Furthermore, the articles that have been found will be reviewed systematically using the Joana Brigg Institute Check list (JBI). The search for articles for identification began in April-June 2020 with a range of 2012-2019 in each database. The three keywords used in the article search consisted of: motor strength, non-hemorrhagic stroke, gripping a rubber ball. Article searches are also performed by combining words using the AND keyword; OR. Results: the study showed that stroke patients with upper extremity weakness after gripping a rubber ball therapy will experience an increase in muscle strength when they do exercise frequently. Conclusion: rubber ball gripping exercise can be used as a nursing intervention in providing nursing care. Rubber ball gripping exercise is also a rehabilitation program that aims to make non-hemorrhagic stroke sufferers achieve the maximum possible functional ability and prevent complications and recurrent strokes. The exercise program must also be structured and focused on doing more repetitions of exercise 2 times a day for 8 days so that the exercises carried out can achieve the expected results, so that it can lead to an increase in muscle strength properly.

Validation of compliant contact force models for low coefficient of restitution impact

Low coefficient of restitution impact occurs frequently in agricultural machinery systems. In recent decades, many compliant contact force models have been proposed. However, there are no experimental validation studies for low coefficient of restitution impact problems. Based on this, this study conducted impact experiments using the tobacco main vein and the rubber ball as impact bodies to verify the accuracy and applicability of the contact force models for low coefficient of restitution impact. Firstly, A drop tower test rig was built to measure the coefficient of restitution and the impact force at different pre-impact velocities. Then the measured value of the coefficient of restitution was brought into some typical contact force models to simulate the impact process. Finally, the simulation results were compared with the experimental results. The comparison results showed that the Flores et al. model, the Gharib-Hurmuzlu model, and the Yu et al. model could describe the impact process relatively better. This study can provide a reference for the description of the low coefficient of restitution contact-impact problems. • Experimentally validating the accuracy of compliant contact force models. • Prediction error of the peak impact force is less than 30%. • Using rubber ball and tobacco main vein as impact bodies. • The measured value of the coefficient of restitution is less than 0.6.

Numerical simulation of deformation-induced temperature variations of a rubber ball under cyclic compression

The main objective of this study is to predict the temperature variation of a rubber ball under cyclic compression. The prediction scheme is composed of three parts: mechanical analysis, heat source identification and heat transfer analysis. In the mechanical analysis, a compressible hyper-viscoelastic model was employed to describe the mechanical behavior of rubber under cyclic compression, in which material constants were identified using experimental data. In the heat source identification, the heat sources caused by three effects, namely thermoelastic, entropic and viscous dissipation effects were evaluated based on a theoretical consideration. In the heat transfer analysis, the above-mentioned heat sources were used as input to calculate the time variation of the temperature field. The temperature variation inside and on the surface of the ball under both adiabatic and non-adiabatic conditions were discussed. In addition to that, the temperature amplitude and phase difference between temperature and displacement in the steady state were considered.

Acoustic Retrofit Approach of an Apartment Living Room Using Multi-Perforated Gypsum Boards in Terms of Heavy-Weight Impact Sounds

In this study, the effects of multi-perforated gypsum boards on floor impact noises were investigated in a box-type test building and an actual apartment building. In a box-type test building with 150 mm thick slab, various design factors such as hole pattern, hole size, opening ratio, backing, or finishing materials were considered. Heavy-weight impact sources of bang machine and rubber ball were employed. The test procedure followed KS F 2810-2, and then, a single number rating was derived in accordance with KS F 2863-2. As a result, reduction of heavy-weight impact noise by applying multi-perforated gypsum boards as a ceiling material was expected maximumly up to 3 dB for bang machine and 5 dB for rubber ball. Regarding the reduction of floor impact sounds at frequencies above 125 Hz, the installed area of the employed multi-perforated gypsum board was shown as the most dominant factor. Then, an in situ investigation using standard impact sources and five children was carried out in an actual living space of an actual apartment dwelling unit. Comparing before and after installation of multi-perforated gypsum board, 1–2 dB of heavy-weight impact noises was reduced. In addition, subjective impressions of the reduced impact noise were discussed based on the field questionnaire survey using actual children’s running situations.

Cross-Laminated Timber Floor: Analysis of the Acoustic Properties and Radiation Efficiency

Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) is a building technology that is becoming increasingly popular due to its sustainable and eco-friendly nature, as well as its availability. Nevertheless, CLT presents some challenges, especially in terms of impact noise and airborne sound insulation. For this reason, many studies focus on the vibro-acoustic behavior of CLT building elements, to understand their performance, advantages and limitations. In this paper, a 200 mm CLT floor has been characterized in the laboratory, according to ISO standards, by three noise sources: dodecahedron, standard tapping machine and rubber ball. In order to understand the vibro-acoustic behavior of the CLT floor, measurements through the analysis of sound pressure levels and velocity levels, measured by dedicated sensors, were performed. Analysis was carried out in order to understand what is prescribed by the prediction methods available in the literature and by the simulation software. Then, a specific prediction law for the CLT floor under investigation was derived. Finally, an analysis on sound radiation index is provided to complete the vibro-acoustic study.

Billiard ball vs rubber ball collisions

When two billiard balls collide head-on on a smooth, horizontal surface, momentum and kinetic energy are both conserved to a good approximation. If the experiment is repeated with two rubber balls, then kinetic energy is not conserved and neither is momentum. The latter result can be explained in terms of the external friction forces involved.

Pengaruh Metode Birth Ball Terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Persalinan Kala I Fase Aktif di Praktek Mandiri Bidan (PMB) Fifi Maryoni

Labor is a natural process and causes pain caused by contractions when the mother is about to give birth. One of the non-pharmacological methods that can be used is the birth ball method, which is a method of using a rubber ball filled with air to reduce back pain during pregnancy and childbirth which is safe to use. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of this type of research, a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-postets group design, by measuring the intensity of labor pain in the first stage of the active phase before and after being given treatment in the group given the birth ball method. The population of this study were all mothers who gave birth normally at PMB Fifi Maryoni from November 2020 to February 2021, the study sample consisted of 30 people in the treatment group. The intensity of labor pain in the active phase of the first stage was measured and recorded directly on the observation sheet provided. Data analysis was carried out bivariate with computerization using the SPSS program. The statistical test used was T - test dependent with a 95% confidence degree (α = 0.05). The results showed that there was a decrease in the intensity of labor pain in the active phase of the first stage after the birth ball method was used. The results showed that there was an effect of the birth ball method on decreasing the intensity of labor pain in the first stage of the active phase before and after being given the birth ball method with p value = 0.000. It is recommended to PMB Fifi Maryoni to be able to provide the birth ball method as one of the non-pharmacological methods in reducing the intensity of labor pain in the first stage of active labor so that the mother can overcome pain during labor.

A comprehensive vibroacoustic investigation of a cross laminated timber floor

In recent years, the use of sustainable construction materials has increased significantly. It is of paramount importance to increase the general knowledge of acoustic behaviour of these materials. This research presents the results of a comprehensive acoustic investigation of a 200 mm timber slab. Excitations using different acoustic sources are performed. The results to this investigation are reported in this paper, focusing on the sound reduction index, impact noise reduction, static and frequency-dependant Young’s modulus, vibration and modal mapping and radiation efficiency. Finally, a correlation between impact noise levels caused by the tapping machine and the rubber ball is provided.

Alternative views on historical aspects of the modern football formation

Football is a game of millions. People hold their breath, quit their unfinished business, and become confined to TV screens for two hours to cheer for their favorite team in the national championship or for their country’s national team. The schedule of matches of the World Cup, Europe, UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, national championships and Cups fans with experience know better than “Our Father”. In the modern era of sports and competitive activities development, in terms of its popularity at all levels, football is second only to athletics and ranks first among team sports. Footballers of national teams are heroes in their homeland, their photos are always on the front pages of sports publications, they are the object of “hunting” of sports journalists, who in the pursuit of sensations even invade the personal space of players.
 Football is a game that, according to modern encyclopedic publications, first appeared in Foggy Albion, and most experts in the history of physical culture and sports agree. But recently, the struggle for the right to be considered the ancestor of the popular game has intensified among scientists around the world, who find historical facts that football had been played in their country long before the birth date of “His Majesty” was declared by the British. The British also consider themselves the first in the process of making rubber balls for playing football, not to mention that three thousand years before them, the natives of Central America made rubber balls for the national game of pok-ta-pok and ulama. Therefore, the authors team, in this article, decided to systematize modern historical information and review aspects of the formation of football.

Mechanical characterization of high-speed rubber ball impacts applied for impulse excitation

This paper is concerned with the material modelling of rubber balls applied for impulse excitation of high-speed rotating milling tools, which is essential for understanding the dynamics of various machining processes. For this purpose, a novel ball-shooter device was developed. The accurate finite element (FE) prediction of the ball impacts requires the complete understanding of the rubber ball’s mechanical behavior during impact, which involves high strain-rate deformations. We propose a damped-hyperelastic constitutive model, which is based on an Ogden’s hyperelastic model in combination with Rayleigh-damping. The material parameters of the long-term hyperelastic behavior are obtained using compression tests on the rubber balls. The Rayleigh-damping parameters were determined using inverse FE-based strategy, in which error of the experimental results (high-speed camera recordings) and the prediction of the FE-simulations is minimized. Our fitted model, in combination with the proposed finite element model, can be used effectively used to predict various quantities during impact excitations of machine tools.

Management of Psychiatric Disorders with HIV and Dermatological Disorders.

Management of Psychiatric Disorders with HIV and Dermatological Disorders.

A study on subjective response to heavy-weight impact sound through representative spectrum analysis: A case study in South Korea

This study aims to suggest representative spectra of heavy-weight impact sounds and subject responses. In 2004, the Korean government implemented mandatory criteria that require a minimum concrete slab thickness of 210 mm for box-frame reinforced concrete apartment houses. Spectra representative of 140 households was derived through unsupervised cluster analysis of heavy-weight impact sounds made by rubber balls and tires. As a result, the frequency spectra and single-number quantities measured from apartments constructed before the standard was applied (110–180 mm) and those of apartments built after the introduction of the standard (210 mm) were found to be different. Based on the impact sounds created by a rubber ball and a tire, a sound pressure level in the 63–125 Hz band (Spectrum 1) was dominant for apartment houses with a floor slab of 210 mm. In apartment houses with a slab thickness of 110–180 mm, a sound pressure level in the 125–500 Hz band was relatively high (Spectrum 2 and 3). A total of 108 subjects with normal hearing were asked to express their level of annoyance relative to the sounds created by the rubber ball and tire. Spectrum 1 for the rubber ball showed a lower percentage of highly annoyed (%HA) than Spectrum 2 and 3 less than 60 dB (LiA,Fmax). In Spectrum 1, the tire elicited a higher %HA compared with Spectrum 2 and 3 above 50 dB (LiA,Fmax). Five categories of heavy-weight impact sounds with different spectra are suggested based on the annoyance responses of subjects.

Approach to Object Hardness Prediction by Rubber Ball Hardness Prediction Using Capsule Network

A hardness is often used as an index to compare similar objects such as fruits or wood. To measure an object’s hardness, a hardness meter is required, and certain conditions must be met. The conditions are that the hardness meter is compatible with the object and must be close at hand. This research shows the possibility of measuring hardness without a hardness meter using a neural network. The method employs machine learning using a capsule network (CapsNet) of a neural network model. This research experimented using CapsNet with routing-by-agreement, CapsNet with expectation-maximization routing (EM routing) and the EM routing method with the addition of Tasks-Constrained Deep Convolutional Network (TCDCN). The four-layer CapsNet with EM routing implemented has achieved the state-of-the-art. Multi-layered CapsNet with EM routing was a very effective method for regression analysis as well. And, CapsNet has higher discriminative power using EM-routing than routing-by-agreement.

Effects of Wall-to-Wall Supported Ceilings on Impact Sound Insulation for Use in Residential Buildings

In Korean residential buildings, floor impact sounds were reduced over the past few decades mainly through a floating floor system. However, ceiling constructions for impact sound reduction have not been applied actively because of a lack of useful information. This study focuses on the effects of wall-to-wall supported ceilings (WSC), which are designed with construction discontinuities between concrete slabs and ceilings, and the damping caused by porous absorbers for impact sound insulation. To examine the impact sound insulation according to ceiling conditions, measurements were performed in 25 floor–ceiling assemblies. The results indicate that ceiling treatment is mostly useful in reducing the floor impact sound. The floor impact sound owing to the WSC decreased by 2–7 dB and 2–8 dB in terms of the single number quantity for the tapping machine and rubber balls, respectively, compared with representative existing housing constructions wherein ceilings were attached on wooden sticks. Furthermore, the reduction effect of the WSC appeared to be more profound when it was applied to the floor–ceiling assembly with poor impact sound insulation. Thus, the WSC can be used to enhance the impact of sound insulation of existing housings without major repairs of floor structural layers.

Vomiting in a toddler – An unsuspected cause

Vomiting in young children can be due to a varied etiology ranging from gastritis, urinary tract infection, and metabolic problems to serious life-threatening conditions such as myocarditis, intracranial space occupying lesions, and acute surgical conditions such as intussusception, malrotation, and torsion testis. However, intractable vomiting in a toddler as presented here was due to an unexpected cause as the history was not initially forthcoming for the same. Here, we presented the case of a 21-month-old girl who was admitted with vomiting and low-grade fever, initially suspected to have viral fever/urinary tract infection. All relevant investigations were within normal limits, ruling out metabolic causes. However, on day 3, she showed features of intestinal obstruction for which imaging was done which revealed a mass in the distal ileum, and she was taken up for immediate laparotomy and the ileal mass was excised, which turned out to be a foreign body, that is, three rubber balls. The child recovered completely post-surgery and was discharged three days later. Hence, the lessons learnt from this case would be that, there is no short cut to detailed history taking and meticulous clinical examination; using imaging at the appropriate time helps in timely intervention and life-saving management.

고무공 충격음의 우회전달에 의한 공동주택 상하층 세대에서의 바닥충격음레벨 분포

This study investigated the distribution of floor impact sound levels in the upper and lower floors of an apartment house by the flanking transmission of the sound caused by the impact of a rubber ball. The rubber ball floor impact sound was measured in 10 units (five units on the upper and lower floors based on the excitation floor) of an apartment prior to completion. The measurements indicated that the single number quantity (L

Activating the Right Hemisphere Through Left-Hand Muscle Contraction Improves Novel Metaphor Comprehension.

The neurotypical brain is characterized by left hemisphere lateralization for most language processing. However, the right hemisphere plays a crucial part when it is required to bring together seemingly unrelated concepts into meaningful expressions, such as in the case of novel metaphors (unfamiliar figurative expressions). The aim of the current study was to test whether it is possible to enhance novel metaphor comprehension through an easy, efficient, and non-invasive method – intentional contraction of the left hand’s muscles, to activate the motor and sensory areas in the contralateral hemisphere. One hundred eighteen neurotypical participants were asked to perform a semantic judgment task involving two-word expressions of four types: literal, conventional metaphors, novel metaphors, or unrelated, while squeezing a rubber ball with their right hand, left hand, or not at all. Results demonstrated that left-hand contraction improved novel metaphor comprehension, as participants were more accurate and quicker in judging them to be meaningful. The findings of the present work provide a simple and efficient method for boosting right hemisphere activation, which can be used to improve metaphoric language comprehension. This method can aid several populations in which right hemisphere function is not fully established, and who struggle with processing figurative language, such as adolescents and individuals on the autistic spectrum.

Live black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) provisioning is a promising environmental enrichment for pigs as indicated by feed- and enrichment-preference tests

Live black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) could function as environmental enrichment for pigs as they are edible, odorous, manipulable, and destructible, though the interest of pigs in live BSFL is unestablished. In this study, three trials were performed to assess this interest in order to verify the suitability of live BSFL as enrichment. Eight (Trial 1 & 2) and 16 (Trial 3) pairs of weaned pigs were included. In Trial 1, the relative motivation of pigs to consume live BSFL compared to corn, raisins and feed pellets was evaluated in no-choice and subsequent two-choice preference tests including all (combinations of) feed items. In Trial 2, the feed items in the no-choice and two-choice tests were provided in tubes that had to be rooted or pushed to access the feed items. In this trial BSFL, corn, feed pellets, and empty tubes were compared. In Trial 1 & 2 each day had two 15 min tests occurring six hours apart. In Trial 3 the long-term interest in live BSFL provided in the tubes for a 5-day period was compared to feed pellets provided in tubes, to jute sacks, and to rubber balls attached to chains. Tubes with live BSFL or pellets were refilled every morning. The relative interest was determined through intake of feed items and/or time spent interacting with the items, as measured by 1.5- or 1 min scan sampling. In Trial 3, the time spent on oral manipulation of pen mates was also scored through scan sampling. In all trials the interaction with and consumption of live BSFL was significantly higher compared to the other items, indicating a clear preference for live BSFL, and pigs remained engaged with BSFL as long as they were accessible. In Trial 3, interest in live BSFL decreased on day 5 compared to day 1, interest in jute sacks and feed pellets decreased on day 3 compared to day 1, and interest in rubber balls attached to chains was continuously low. Pigs also spent less time on oral manipulation of pen mates when having access to live BSFL, pellets, or jute sacks, compared to rubber balls attached to chains. Overall, pigs showed high and extended interest in live BSFL, confirming their suitability as edible environmental enrichment. Pigs were willing to work for access to live BSFL by rooting and pushing tubes, which can be employed when providing live BSFL as enrichment commercially.

Automated Filling of Dry Micron-Sized Particles into Micro Mold Pattern within Planar Substrates for the Fabrication of Powder-Based 3D Microstructures.

Powder-based techniques are gaining increasing interest for the fabrication of microstructures on planar substrates. A typical approach comprises the filling of a mold pattern with micron-sized particles of the desired material, and their fixation there. Commonly powder-loaded pastes or inks are filled into the molds. To meet the smallest dimensions and highest filling factors, the utilization of dry powder as the raw material is more beneficial. However, an appropriate automated technique for filling a micro mold pattern with dry micron-sized particles is missing up to now. This paper presents a corresponding approach based on the superimposition of high- and low-frequency oscillations for particle mobilization. Rubber balls are utilized to achieve dense packing. For verification, micromagnets are created from 5 µm NdFeB powder on 8” Si substrates, using the novel automated mold filling technique, as well as an existing manual one. Subsequent atomic layer deposition is utilized to agglomerate the loose NdFeB particles into rigid microstructures. The magnetic properties and inner structure of the NdFeB micromagnets are investigated. It is shown that the novel automated technique outperforms the manual one in major terms.

The Effectiveness of Malaise Traps, H-Traps, and Sticky Traps for Collecting Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae)

The Effectiveness of Malaise Traps, H-Traps, and Sticky Traps for Collecting Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae)