RTP Protocols Research Articles

Return to Play After Femoroacetabular Impingement.

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a pathomechanical process whereby abnormal contact between proximal femur and acetabulum at end range of hip motion induces chondrolabral lesions within the hip joint. Surgery followed by a rehabilitation program or physical therapy with possible addition of an intra-articular corticosteroid injection are the two predominant treatments. The majority of authors recognize that a well-designed rehabilitation protocol is essential to achieve good outcomes with both nonoperative and surgical treatment. However, there is little evidence about what is the best rehabilitation protocol and most of the literature available is based on expert level opinion. This current review investigates the recent literature on nonoperative and postoperative rehabilitation protocol and return to play in FAI patients and describes our approach. Historically, rehabilitation protocols for treatment of FAI as well as return to play protocols were based on experts' opinion and low-level evidence studies. In order to improve standardization of protocols and to allow a better comparison in between different protocols, different authors have created standardized rehabilitation protocols with consensus building methods comparing them with other treatment options in high-level evidence trials (FASHIoN trial, etc.). Despite the excellent results reported after nonoperative and post-surgical rehabilitation, and the high RTP rate after FAI treatment, there is a significant variability in between protocols. Further high-level evidence studies are necessary in order to establish a gold standard in rehabilitation and RTP protocols.

Return to Performance Protocols and Criteria Specific to Aerobic Capacity for Aerobic Athletes Who Sustain Lower Extremity Injuries: A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT Return to performance (RTP) protocols vary greatly between sports due to energy system involvement, physical and biomechanical skills, injury type and severity, and varied recommendations from members of the interprofessional care team. Return decisions are guided by clinical reasoning, expert opinion, experience, and sport-specific frameworks. Lower extremity injuries that prevent athletes from continuous aerobic training lead to decreased aerobic capacity upon return, which is linked to increased risk of injury or reinjury. This narrative review compares documented rehabilitation programs and RTP protocols and criteria specific to aerobic capacity for athletes who sustain lower extremity injuries in highly aerobic sports. Databases were searched from 2010 to 2022, yielding 9 primary articles and 11 review articles. No RTP protocol specific to aerobic capacity was identified. Considering the lack of evidence regarding aerobic capacity testing and prescription in RTP protocols, research is necessary to determine the significance of aerobic capacity recommended for RTP. Strength and conditioning coaches should be aware of the decreased aerobic capacity at the time of return, thus the need for additional testing, and implement individualized aerobic conditioning programs to optimize return. .

Delineating and sparing the ileal conduit in adjuvant radiotherapy for bladder cancer with modulated radiotherapy.

We undertook a prospective planning study to describe the delineation of ileal conduit (IC) loop on radiotherapy planning computed tomography (RTP CT) scan as an organ at risk (OAR) and its sparing using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) during adjuvant irradiation of bladder malignancies. Fifteen patients with bladder malignancy needing adjuvant radiotherapy postoperatively and having normal renal function underwent delayed phase RTP CT from June 2020 to March 2021, with certain modifications (Foley's catheter through stoma, additional delayed scans). We identified the course of ureters, external stoma, IC, and uretero-ileal (right and left) anastomotic sites. VMAT plans were generated. A step-by-step description is given. Genitourinary OARs include kidneys, ureters, uretero-ileal anastomoses, and IC. The contrast on delayed scan opacifies ureters and IC. IC can be seen three-dimensionally as a structure with two fixed ends (blind proximal end anterior to the right sacroiliac joint and the open distal end over the right anterior abdominal wall in parasagittal location) and a 15-20 cm hanging intraabdominal loop that lies adjacent to the right iliac vessels. For prescription doses (PD) of 50.4 gray and 54 gray, respectively, VMAT plan achieved IC dose maximum to less than PD and V50 lower than 10 cc. Stoma sparing traditionally used as a surrogate for IC sparing is insufficient due to the variable intraabdominal location of IC loop. Delineation of IC as an OAR is feasible with slight modifications in the RTP protocols. VMAT (or other forms of intensity modulated radiation therapy) can help IC sparing and should be considered when it lies in close proximity to target volumes and the risk of additional morbidity is considerable.

A Comparison Study of DASH Technique by Video Streaming over IP with the Use of RTP and HTTP Protocols

Today’s Internet knows no bounds. New applications are marketed every single day. Many of them incorporate video sequences. These must be transported over the Internet quickly (often in real time). However, the Internet has not been designed for live communications and, regrettably, this may become apparent all too quickly. Countermeasures are required in the form of new, efficient transport techniques facilitating online video services. MPEG-DASH is one of such modern techniques. But how good is this new technique really? This paper delves into the matter. The paper contains an analysis of the impact that the new technology exerts on the quality of video streaming over IP networks. It also describes a new numerical tool – QoSCalc (DASH-HTTP) which has been used to analyze MPEG-DASH under different use scenarios. The results are presented graphically and their interpretation is provided

Методика расчета параметров линии доступа мультисервисной сет и

The problem of estimating rate plan settings on multiservice access networks is stated. Given the triple-play nature of broadband services we formulate the interconnection between the standard service set and available access port settings – output packet buffer capacity and bandwith. We discuss usual Internet Service Provider access network from the last uplink to the end-user customer equipment access port. As an industry standard we choose IP-Television, internet data transfer and streaming video as primary services. Baseline protocols of these services are stated along with respective quality of service requirements. IP-TV service is modeled according to DVB-IPTV standard with H.264 encoding using MPEG-TS multiplexing streams over RTP and UDP protocols with IP-multicast distribution. Using experimental data we show high burstiness of H.264 traffic patterns and take care of it cduring calculation of required bandwith parameters. Data transfer service represented by popular TCP-based internet applications. We are giving attention to TCP flow control algorithms and to Application level flow control. From experimental data and industry adopted baselines of internet applications we estimate quality of service parameters as a function of customer connection settings. Unlike usual ISP approximations of core links capacity, out method allows to estimate access port settings as a function of rate plan for required service set and quality of service.

Concussion knowledge and return-to-play attitudes among subelite rugby union players

2tests and t-tests for independent groups were employed to determine significant differences in concussion knowledge and RTP attitudes between previously concussed and nonconcussed participants. Results. Participants displayed varying, yet generally less than optimal levels of concussion knowledge. Knowledge of concussion-related RTP protocols (20 - 23%) and the efficacy of safety equipment (20 - 25%) was particularly poor. The subelite rugby players included in the sample did not hold notably conservative RTP attitudes, with the majority expressing a willingness to participate in practice (74%) and competition (47 - 56%) without having fully recovered from a concussion. No significant differences were apparent with regard to the RTP attitudes and concussion knowledge of the previously concussed and non-concussed players. Conclusion. The general level of concussion knowledge among subelite rugby union players appears less than optimal. Moreover, the majority of these players expressed an intention to RTP before they had fully recovered from concussion.

A Seamless Media Stream Delivery Scheme between MSS and UMTS with SIP-based Soft Handover

A greater of multimedia services are based on the IP network, such as VoIP and IPTV. During the vertical handover process between Mobile Satellite System (MSS) and UMTS, delay jitter, packet loss and disorder will happen to multimedia services. We used the method of extension of RTP and RTCP protocols, modification of terminal buffer size and RTP packet play time to make the service not disrupted during handover. Analysis results demonstrate that this scheme could achieve the seamless media stream handover between MSS and UMTS.

Real-time network applications programming

Real-time network applications need a special attention. Mechanisms allowing them to face delay variation on the flow delivery must be available as much as resource reservation and admission control for QOS guarantee of all the flows being accepted within the network. This paper presents an integrated stack of protocols enabling real-time network programming. The programming issues held by IP multicast, RTP, RTCP and RSVP protocols are discussed in details and tackled in both Sun Solaris and MS Windows NT environments.

A framework for the development of tolerant real-time applications

This work presents a framework architecture for the development of distributed real-time applications to be integrated into WWW clients. It assumes a WWW environment over networks providing a best-effort delivery service like the internets based on the IP protocol. The framework is that of an application programming interface (API) providing the program developer with the services needed by tolerant real-time applications. Once developed, an application is bundled together with the API to form a WWW plug-in which can subsequently be called from a WWW client interface or browser. The application is then perceived as being integrated into the WWW environment. The design aims to provide real-time applications with a transport service layer assuring near end-to-end isochronism despite the weak guaranties of the underlying network service. The implementation of the mechanisms that allow multistream real-time communications to adapt to the operational conditions of these networks are discussed. In this work, the RTP and RTCP protocols were also implemented as part of the API. Experience with this framework reports the development of a prototype real-time application for multimedia group communication and the analysis of the behaviour of RTP sessions in a real operational situation. The analysis uses protocol state data logged during their operation.