RS State Research Articles

Brief dispersion of a putative B.1.1.28-derived SARS-CoV-2 lineage harboring additional N234P and E471Q spike protein mutations in individuals crossing the Argentina-Brazil border

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is constantly mutating, leading to new variants that culminate in a temporal lineages fluctuation. B.1.1.28 lineage has been evolving in Brazil since February 2020 and originated P.1 (VOC), P.2 (VOI) and other P.Xs proposed as new variants. Methods and resultsIn this study, through the Illumina platform, we performed the whole-genome sequencing of 26 positive samples of SARS-CoV-2. Employing variant calling analysis on FASTQ reads and phylogenetic inference, we report a brief dispersion of a potentially new B.1.1.28-derived variant detected between 2021 May and June in individuals crossing the border between Brazil and Argentina, and local spread to inpatients from hospitals at the Rio Grande do Sul state capital (Porto Alegre). Besides, the Rio Grande do Sul State SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiological data was analyzed and showed an important B.1.1.28 peak in RS at the same period (May–June), even in the presence of a major Gamma wave. ConclusionsThe emergence of a putative B.1.1.28-derived lineage was identified in travelers crossing Brazil-Argentina border representing an important peak of B.1.1.28 in RS State with a decreased in Gamma variant frequency in the same period of time.

The current transport mechanism of Al/Beetroot/Cu used as an organic semiconductor Schottky diode is superior than natural dye-based thin film devices

The development and characterization of an organic thin-film diode based on herbal dyes has been presented. The electronic parameters of the diode are retrieved using a thermionic emission approach from the I-V characteristics. Furthermore, the computed values of ideality factor (n), barrier height (ϕ) and series resistance (Rs) of Al/Beetroot/Cu using the Cheung and Cheung functions are 4.5, 0.73 eV and 1.10 KΩ, respectively. The values of Rs in these two different approaches are very similar, but a discrepancy in values of n confirms the existence of high Rs and high interface state density. The band gap of betanin and temperature dependence of n, ϕ, and Rs confirm the semiconducting behaviour of beet root. We observed a linear relationship between ϕ and 1/n for Al/Beetroot/Cu, confirming that the device is a Schottky diode. The fact that quantum tunneling plays a significant role in the charge conduction procedure with thermionic emission is confirmed by the parabolic conductance of Al/Beetroot/Cu. We have identified that Schottky emission dominates Poole-Frenkle emission for the Al/Beetroot/Cu diode based on both theoretical and experimental values of β. The G(V) vs V plot was used to explain the existence of the reported dye's trapping effect. We also calculated the device's trap energy (Ec), which is substantially lower than previously reported organic diodes. The theoretically estimated value of the insulating temperature for Al/Beetroot/Cu is 133 K. When we utilise beetroot dye instead of indigo dye, the value of n and Rs decreases from 11.65 to 4.5 and 430 KΩ to 1.1 KΩ, respectively, according to the comparison analysis. The trap energy drops from 0.0732 to 0.021 eV once more.

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the resistance to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin inFusarium graminearumpopulations from Brazil

AbstractWheat farmers rely on fungicides to protect fields against several foliar and flowering diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB). A range of active ingredients is used in isolation or in dual premixes that include a dimethylation inhibitor (DMI) or a quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide. Comprehensive information about fungicide resistance inF.graminearumis available for DMIs, while for QoIs the data are scarce. We characterized 225 strains obtained from two states in southern Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Paraná (PR), in relation to their response to two QoIs. The median EC50(effective concentration leading to 50% inhibition of conidial germination) value for azoxystrobin (n = 25 isolates) was 2.20 μg/ml in the PR population and 4.04 μg/ml in the RS population. For pyraclostrobin (n = 50), the median EC50was 0.28 μg/ml in the PR population and 0.24 μg/ml in the RS population. Evidence of cross‐resistance could not be detected. Screening using a discriminatory dose (DD) for azoxystrobin in a larger number of isolates from PR (n = 75) and RS (n = 100) states allowed the detection of 50% and 28% sensitive strains, respectively. Using the DD for pyraclostrobin, 33% and 18.8% were classified as less sensitive in the PR and RS isolates, respectively. In RS, the frequency of less‐sensitive isolates increased over time (2007–2011). No point mutation at any of the target spots (F129L, G137R, G143A) was detected. Our results represent an important step towards the establishment of a sensitivity profile for two of the most commonly used QoIs in commercial premixes targeting FHB control.

Potencialidades e dificuldades na educação em enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19

To know the potentialities and difficulties in Nursing teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic, in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Cross-sectional study carried out with coordinators of 48 undergraduate Nursing courses in the state of RS, Brazil, between October 2020 and January 2021, using an electronic questionnaire sent to participants by email. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. It was highlighted, as potentialities, the expansion in handling information and communication technologies (87.5%), increased creativity (79.2%) and diversification of methodologies (77.1%). As difficulties, the reduction of skills training (75.0%), less student/professor/colleagues interaction (70.8%) and reduction of interpersonal relationships (64.6%). If, on the one hand, difficulties were identified, such as the reduction of skills training and interpersonal relationships, on the other hand, potentialities related to new technologies and teaching methods signal disruptive and irreversible changes in Nursing education.

Relative maturity group and its relationships with the non preferential sowing season of soybean

The cultivation of soybeans is the main agricultural commodity in Brazil, the increase in the cultivated area in recent years and the productivity of grains is interconnected with numerous factors such as sowing time, water availability, temperature and photoperiod. The objective of this work was to evaluate the duration of phenological sub-periods and the productivity of soybean cultivars from different groups of relative maturation, sown in two seasons in the off-season in the northwest region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The experiment was carried out at Agropecuária Bubans geographically located in the county of Ijuí in the state of RS, considered medium locality. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design with four replications, the experimental units consisted of four lines, four meters long, 0.50 m apart. The treatments were eight soybean cultivars with different groups of relative maturity (4.8, 5.8, 5.9, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.7 and 7.8) sown on January 5 and 22, 2019 (from agricultural zoning, the preferred season for sowing in this region is from october to december), constituting an 8 x 2 factorial experiment (Cultivars x sowing times). Assessments of the duration of phenological sub-periods and of the yield components of the culture were carried out, being measured with total plant height, first pod insertion height, number of lateral branches, number of reproductive nodes on the main stem, total number of nodes on the main stem, number of pods with one, two, three and four grains, pods mass of one, two, three and four grains, total grain mass per plant, thousand seed mass and grain yield. The most productive relative maturity group is 6.3 being sown in the first non-preferential season for soybeans in Rio Grande do Sul. The second sowing time changed the dynamics of association of the measured variables, with changes in the cycle, reductions in the vegetative and reproductive period.

Spatialization of breeding values of Brangus animals associated with climatic, physical, and socio-economic factors.

This study was realized to analyze the combinations of climatic, physical, and socio-economic variables on distribution of breeding values for performance characteristics and scrotal circumference of Brangus cattle. Records of 84,703 Brangus animals, born from 2000 to 2010 distributed in 65 farms in Brazil were used. The characteristics analyzed were average daily gain from birth to weaning and from weaning to yearling (WW and YW), visual scores of conformations (WC and YC), muscle score (WM and YM), precocity score (WP and YS), and size score (WS and YS) at weaning and yearling and scrotal circumference (SC) at yearling. Components of (co)variance estimated through the animal model employing methodology to AIREML. Mean estimates of direct heritability obtained for visual scores at weaning (WC 0.16, WM 0.16, WP 0.19, and WS 0.22) were lower than those obtained at yearling (YC 0.28, YM 0.26, YP 0.24, and YS 0.40). WW had heritability greater than YW (0.27 and 0.12) and a heritability of 0.36 obtained for SC. Canonical, discriminant, and cluster analyses were performed in the SAS® 9.4 program. Three clusters of genetic values averages per farm were formed according to climatic, physical, and socio-economic variables. Brangus animals are from states of RS, PR, SP, MG, GO, MG, and MS. The highest breeding values were strongly related to thermal amplitude and municipality area. Spatial distribution of the breeding value of Brangus animals can help in the development of environmental indices, genetic evaluations, and the choice of animals for certain environments.

Spleen and lung virome analysis of South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) collected on the southern Brazilian coast.

South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) are believed to reach the coast of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) through sea currents. They live in colonies and are frequently found resting on the beach. However, it is also common to find dead pinnipeds on beaches, sharing the environment with humans, domestic animals and other wild species on the coast and facilitating the transmission of pathogens. In the present study, a metagenomic approach was applied to evaluate the viral diversity in organs of fur seals found deceased along the coast of the state of RS, southern Brazil. The lungs and spleens of 29 animals were collected, macerated individually, pooled separately (one pool for lungs and another for spleens) and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences more closely related to members of the Anelloviridae and Circoviridae families were detected. Nine putative new species of anellovirus and one putative new genus, named Nitorquevirus, were described. Additionally, the circovirus sequences found in the lungs of A. australis have a common ancestor with PCV3, a proposed swine pathogen. Our study expanded the knowledge about viral communities in pinnipeds and could be useful for monitoring new viruses and potential viral sharing among wildlife, domestic animals, and humans.

Análise da fauna edáfica em diferentes usos do solo no Bioma Pampa

O solo é habitado por milhares de organismos responsáveis por diversas funções no ecossistema. Entre esses organismos, destacam-se os pertencentes à fauna do solo, a qual apresenta uma grande sensibilidade às modificações realizadas no meio, podendo ser considerada como um bom bioindicador de qualidade do solo. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a distribuição da fauna edáfica em diferentes usos do solo e em diferentes épocas do ano no município de São Gabriel - RS, avaliando a sua utilização como bioindicador da qualidade do solo. Foram realizadas avaliações da fauna do solo em três áreas de diferentes usos do solo: Mata Nativa, Campo Nativo Pastejado e Lavoura Azevém/Soja, em duas épocas distintas (inverno e verão). Durante as coletas, também foram avaliadas a temperatura, a umidade e a biomassa/serapilheira acumulada no solo, para verificar a influência que esses atributos exercem sobre a fauna do solo. Foram verificadas a abundância e a diversidade em nível de ordem dos indivíduos, sendo calculados os índices de diversidade, uniformidade e similaridade das áreas. Os resultados apresentaram uma grande diversidade de organismos edáficos, sendo Collembola, Hymenoptera e Acarina, os grupos com maior abundância no total das avaliações realizadas. Alguns grupos mostraram ser sensíveis a mudanças das variáveis ambientais. A área com maior diversidade e maior uniformidade foi a Mata Nativa, enquanto a Lavoura Azevém/Soja foi a menos diversa e menos uniforme. As áreas mais similares foram a Mata Nativa e o Campo Nativo Pastejado, durante as avaliações de inverno. Em termos gerais, a fauna edáfica apresenta potencial de ser utilizada na avaliação da qualidade do solo.

English

The aim of this research was to evaluate the capacity of symbiotic efficiency of native rhizobia from soils of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil in Phaseolus lunatus L. plants. Soil and nodule samples from predominant legume plants such as Desmodium species were collected in seven locations of the state of RS. For the isolation of the rhizobia from the soil samples, lima bean “olho de cabra preto” variety and “leucena” (Leucena leucocephala) and plants were used as baits. Subsequently, the symbiotic characterization of the isolates was performed by inoculation on lima bean plants in vitro conditions. The selected bacterial isolates were evaluated for biological nitrogen fixation efficiency in a greenhouse experiment, being determined after: shoot dry mass, root dry mass, nodule dry mass, nitrogen (N) accumulated shoot and calculated the N fixation relative efficiency index. Among the 28 rhizobia isolates tested, 11 induced nodule formation in lima bean. The rhizobia Plu03 and Plu14 stimulated a greater increase of plant dry mass, nodule dry mass and nitrogen accumulation in the shoot, reflecting in a higher relative efficiency index. These results suggest that the isolates Plu03 and Plu14 are more efficient in promoting growth of lima bean, which could be recommended for future agronomic efficiency studies. Key words: Rhizobia, lima bean, biological nitrogen fixation.

Serological investigation of protozoan pathogens (Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum) in opossums from southern Brazil.

South American opossums of the order Didelphimorphia are considered sentinels for zoonotic infections and environmental diseases, such as for Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of data regarding protozoan diseases such Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Neotropical marsupials; despite these pathogens have been considered threats to some marsupial species. The aim of this study was to determine whether Didelphis albiventris and Philander frenatus opossums from southern Brazil had been previously exposed to T. cruzi, T. gondii or N. caninum. Opossum samples were obtained by live-trapping of free-ranging animals and collection at wildlife rehabilitation centers in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil. The detection of anti-T. cruzi and anti-T. gondii antibodies was performed by indirect hemagglutination and anti-N. caninum antibodies by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In total, samples were collected from 76 marsupials from nine municipalities in RS state, including 69 D. albiventris (white-eared opossum), and seven were P. frenatus (southern four-eyed opossum). For T. cruzi, 11% were seropositive, and for T. gondii 26% were seropositive. None of the marsupials sampled here were seropositive for N. caninum. Risk factor analysis showed that free-living animals were about five-fold more likely to be infected by T. gondii than were rescued animals. Our study showed the exposure of Neotropical marsupials (D. albiventris and P. frenatus) to protozoan pathogens T. cruzi and T. gondii, while no evidence of N. caninum exposure was found. The set of results presented here may have an effect on ecology and conservation of the studied species and may also indicate possible sentinels of these pathogen circulation.

Effect of annealing temperature on the electrical characteristics of Al/Er2O3/n-Si/Al MOS capacitors

In this work, Er2O3 films deposited by electron beam (E-beam) evaporation technique were annealed at 450 °C, 550 °C, and 650 °C in N2 atmosphere for 30 min. We then compared the electrical properties, the frequency dependency of the density of interface states, and series resistance of as-deposited and annealed Al/Er2O3/n-Si/Al MOS capacitors. The grain size measurements carried out by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and the root mean square (RMS) surface roughness values obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) increased with an increase of annealing temperature. The C-V and G/ω-V measurements were carried out at a frequency of 1 MHz for as-deposited and annealed MOS capacitors. The capacitance in the accumulation region decreased with an increase in annealing temperature, and the capacitor film annealed at 450 °C had the highest capacitance in the accumulation region as well as high-k value, and low barrier height. In addition, the C-V and G/ω-V measurements carried out in the frequency range of 20 kHz to 1 MHz were analyzed to understand the effect of frequency on the series resistance Rs and interface states Dit. The measured and calculated results reveal a significant influence of frequency on both Rs and Dit of the fabricated MOS capacitor characteristics.

Is food environment associated with body mass index, overweight and obesity? A study with adults and elderly subjects from southern Brazil

The purpose of this article was to investigate the association of food environment variables with Body Mass Index (BMI), excess weight and obesity. This was a cross-sectional study determining the presence or absence of food establishments within a 100-m buffer zone from each sampled household. Individuals aged 18years and older living in the urban area of Rio Grande, RS State, Brazil, in 2016, were considered eligible. A total of 1,139 individuals, with an average age of 46.5years (SD 17.1), residing in the household for more than one year, were selected as a representative sample of the population. The mean BMI of study participants was 27.0kg/m2 (SD 4.8), and the prevalence of excess weight and obesity was 61.6% (95%CI: 58.9; 64.3) and 23.7% (95%CI: 21.3; 26.1), respectively. Living near a convenience store was associated with a higher BMI and a higher likelihood of being above normal weight and obese. In contrast, living near a restaurant was associated with a lower BMI and a lower likelihood of being above normal weight and obese. In addition, participants who lived close to fruit shops had lower BMI and a lower likelihood of being above normal weight. Concluding few associations were found between food environment and the health-related outcomes. Proximity to food establishments does not seem to significantly affect BMI, excess weight and obesity in the studied population.

Analysis of Brazilian livestock transformations: a focus on dairy farming

Abstract In this study, we investigated the principal transformations in dairy farming among Brazilian federative units in the period from 2006 to 2017. Data were drawn from the Agricultural Censuses from 2006 and 2017. In order to compare the variations between the states and macroregions, descriptive analyses were performed. Pearson correlation was used to test the correlation among the variables. A 4.63% decrease was observed in the number of establishments supporting cattle, notably in the states of PE (-23.02%), RS (-20.67%) and PR (-19.65%). Some states showed greater participation in terms of increase in number of cattle, particularly in the Northern region. No significant change in pasture area was observed. A decrease of 12.92% in number of milk producers was observed, mainly in the traditional dairy basins, such as RS (-36.62%), PR (-27.33%), SP (-24.67%) and SC (-20.21%). Producers who continued in the activity had a rise in the scale of their daily production. Although there was a 9.47% reduction in the number of cows milked, the herd productivity showed a 61.96% surge, particularly in the Southern (72.98%) and South-eastern (62.31%) areas. Milk production revealed higher correlation with number of cows milked (P<0.05; r=0.97) and productivity per cow (P<0.05; r=0.63), than with area of the rural establishments (P<0.05; r=0.38). In conclusion, there were significant changes in dairy farming over an eleven-year period, including changes in the geography of production, greater concentration and professionalization of the activity, as well as the expressive growth of milk production in almost every state, which is reflective of higher productivity of the national herd.

Co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense in the Soybean Crop

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) and Azospirillum brasilense (A. brasilense) on the agronomic characteristics of the soybean crop in the central region of State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The experiment was conducted during three harvests (2016/2017, 2017/2018, 2018/2019), in the central region of the State of RS. The treatments were: T1-inoculation with 1 dose B. japonicum; T2-co-inoculation with 1 dose of B. japonicum + 1 dose of A. brasilense; T3-co-inoculation with 2 doses of B. japonicum + 1 dose of A. brasilense; T4-co-inoculation with 2 doses of B. japonicum + 2 doses of A. brasilense; T5-co-inoculation with 1 dose of B. japonicum + 2 doses of A. brasilense; T6-without inoculation (control). The determinations were: shoot and root system dry mass, number and dry mass of nodules, and grain yield. It was observed that the use of co-inoculation with 1 dose of B. japonicum + 2 doses of A. brasilense provided a higher dry mass of nodules and grain yield of the soybean crop.

Majoritary triterpenic compounds in some angiosperms of the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state

Five species of angiosperms collected in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul was evaluated due to their pharmacological properties. The objective of this study was to extract and characterize the triterpenic content of angiosperm species. The extracts were obtained by ultrasonic extraction using chloroform as solvent. Identification and quantification were performed using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). The presence of arjunic acid, maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, erythrodiol, uvaol, lupeol, β-amirin, α-amirin, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol was observed. All species presented β-sitosterol. Polygala pulchella presented the greatest diversity of triterpenic compounds, while Ruellia angustiflora and Moquiniastrum mollissimum the least. Paspalum rawitscheri and Hesperozygis ringens presented the same constituents, differing from each other only quantitatively. Therefore, an overview of the triterpene constitution in species of the central region of the state of RS is presented, along with a review on the pharmacological properties of the investigated compounds. The results obtained in this work are relevant since they stablish an overview of the chemical constitution of the extracts whose biology is still little known. The pharmacological potential of the species can be attributed the identified triterpenic constituents thus supporting the use for medicinal purposes.

Trabalho e desemprego: mulheres na Região do Vale dos Sinos-RS

O Brasil tem registrado, nos últimos cinco anos, altos índices de desemprego, cujos efeitos refletem de forma contundente na sociedade. Nesse cenário, as mulheres estão entre os grupos mais vulneráveis. Assim sendo, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar características da experiência de mulheres desempregadas na região do Vale do Sinos - RS. Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional, do tipo survey, de corte transversal, com amostra não probabilística. Como instrumento, foi utilizado um questionário biossociodemográfico, construído pelas autoras. Participaram da pesquisa 125 mulheres em situação de não trabalho, com idade média de 37 anos. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e apontaram que: o motivo para 50,4% das entrevistadas estarem procurando trabalho é a redução do quadro de funcionários no emprego anterior; 48% das participantes sobrevivem com ajuda da família; 36% declararam que o desemprego foi responsável por algum problema de saúde; 58,4% consideraram seu nível de qualidade de vida ruim; e, em média, o tempo de procura de emprego entre as entrevistadas foi de 11 meses. Relatam vários problemas de saúde física e mental, concluindo-se que o desemprego tem afetado significativamente o bem-estar das mulheres na região. A situação involuntária de não trabalho se comunica com o sofrimento, ou seja, estar desempregado pode significar não só fragilidade econômica, mas igualmente física, social e mental. Salienta-se a urgente necessidade de investimento em políticas de emprego/geração de renda, com foco nas mulheres, na região do Vale do Rio dos Sinos.

Photovoltaic, capacitance-voltage, conductance-voltage, and electrical impedance characteristics of p-type silicon/intrinsic-silicon/n-type semiconducting iron disilicide heterostructures built via facing target direct-current sputtering

p-Type silicon (Si)/intrinsic Si/n-type semiconducting iron disilicide heterostructures were built via facing target direct-current sputtering. To assess the photovoltaic properties, the current density-voltage characteristic curves were recorded in conditions of dark and under irradiation via an Air Mass 1.5 solar simulator (100 mW/cm2). The built heterostructures demonstrated effective rectifying behavior along with a rather substantial leakage current. The open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit photocurrent density values were 178.00 mV and 10.08 mA/cm2, respectively. The assessed energy conversion efficiency was approximately 0.75%. The series resistance (Rs) values at 0 V appraised by the Nicollian-Goetzberger technique were 60.28 Ω at 2 MHz, and 4.13 × 103 Ω at 10 kHz. Their interface state density values evaluated through the Hill-Coleman method were 1.38 × 1012 cm−2/eV at 10 kHz and 1.31 × 1011 cm−2/eV at 2 MHz. The Rs and interface states occurring in the heterostructure interface zone should be the potential determinant of the degeneration of the photovoltaic properties. The characteristics of the real (Z’) and imaginary components of impedance under the changing voltages manifested a shape of one semicircle having a semicircular midpoint beneath the Z’ coordinate. An equivalent circuit model that was related with the heterostructure behavior should be assembled from the parallel association of resistance and constant phase element connected with Rs.

Metodologia para mapeamento de “sintomas" e “situação dos pacientes” com casos confirmados de COVID-19 nos municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste na apresentação metodológica para a organização dos dados, desde o download, tratamento no Microsoft Office Excel®, importação e união destes com as bases cartográficas no QGIS versão 3.12.3, possibilitando a construção de uma série de mapas com temáticas das informações disponibilizadas pelo Painel Coronavírus do RS. São dados de casos confirmados, sexo, número de casos hospitalizados, pacientes recuperados, entre outros dados, que são importantes para a avaliação da situação do estado e dos municípios frente ao avanço do vírus. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do Painel Coronavírus do estado do RS, em que é possível o download das informações na forma de planilha (Excel), na opção “Dados em CSV”. Após, os dados foram organizados por meio da ferramenta Tabela Dinâmica do Excel e finalizados cartograficamente no QGIS. Através dos mapas apresentados no trabalho, é possível evidenciar a proposta metodológica para sistematização dos dados por meio da Tabela Dinâmica, gerando um panorama cartográfico dos dados disponíveis no Painel Coronavírus – RS, podendo ser replicada para qualquer base de dados que apresente estrutura semelhante. Os mapas foram apresentados brevemente, com a descrição dos municípios com maiores índices e taxas de acordo com os temas mapeados, além do comportamento para os cinco municípios com a maior quantidade de casos confirmados. Assim, para realizar a interpretação e relação dos dados, é necessário um trabalho específico e mais aprofundado, que não é o objetivo deste texto.

Manejo da poda de videira ‘Marselan’ na Serra do Sudeste no Sul do Brasil

O comportamento agronômico da videira ‘Marselan’, indicada para a produção de vinhos finos de qualidade, está relacionado ao manejo do vinhedo e às condições edafoclimáticas da região de cultivo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento vegetativo, produtivo e qualitativo de videiras da cultivar ‘Marselan’ submetidas ao sistema de poda em Cordão Esporonado duplo e a poda Guyot duplo, cultivadas em município pertencente a Serra do Sudeste, RS. As videiras ‘Marselan’ foram conduzidas em espaldeira sobre porta-enxerto ‘Paulsen 1103’, em um vinhedo comercial, em Encruzilhada do Sul, RS, Brasil. Durante os ciclos de produção de 2016/2017 e 2017/2018 foram avaliados o vigor vegetativo, massa de ramos podados, Índice de Ravaz, produção e composição físico química do mosto. O sistema de poda Guyot duplo nas videiras ‘Marselan’ induziu menor vigor das plantas, promoveu aumento do número de cachos por planta, da massa dos cachos, da produção e da produtividade. O tipo de poda interfere no vigor e na produtividade das uvas ‘Marselan’ sem alterar a qualidade do mosto. No manejo da cv. ‘Marselan’ na Serra do Sudeste no Sul do Brasil o sistema de poda Guyot é o mais indicado.

Requerimento de frio de cultivares de pessegueiro e recomendação de cultivo no Rio Grande do Sul

O pessegueiro apresenta um período de dormência no outono/inverno, superado pelo acúmulo de horas de frio (HF), variável com a cultivar. O objetivo desse trabalho foi quantificar a necessidade de frio na dormência de 18 cultivares de pessegueiro. Estacas de ‘Flor da Prince’, ‘Planalto’, ‘Vanguarda’, ‘Robidoux’, ‘Fascínio’, ‘Cerrito’, ‘Libra’, ‘Chimarrita’, ‘Atenas’, ‘Maciel’, ‘Kampai’, ‘Granada’, ‘Santa Aurea’, ‘Barbosa’, ‘Della Nona’, ‘Mandinho’, ‘Bonão’ e ‘Baby Gold’ foram coletadas a campo em abril/2019. Submeteu-se as estacas em câmaras incubadoras a 7,2°C e dois tempos de frio (200 e 400 HF). Após cada tempo de frio, transferiu-se as estacas para 20ºC para indução da brotação das gemas. Estratificou-se as cultivares quanto a exigência de frio em três classes: baixa (≤200 HF), média (201-400 HF) e alta (>400 HF). Relacionou-se a exigência de frio das cultivares com as datas de brotação e colheita a campo e zoneou-se as cultivares às regiões ecofisiográficas do RS, baseado no mapa de HF. ‘Flor da Prince’, ‘Vanguarda’, ‘Mandinho’, ‘Libra’, ‘Kampai’, ‘Granada’, ‘Bonão’ e ‘Cerrito’ necessitaram ≤200 HF para superar a dormência. ‘Fascínio’, ‘Baby Gold’, ‘Atenas’, ‘Maciel’, ‘Santa Aurea’ e ‘Chimarrita’ necessitaram de 201-400 HF. ‘Barbosa’, ‘Planalto’, ‘Della Nona’ e ‘Robidoux’ necessitaram >400 HF. As datas de brotação e colheita das cultivares a campo relacionaram-se com a exigência de frio dos genótipos. As cultivares de baixa exigência podem ser cultivadas em todo o Estado; as de média exigência limitam-se ao cultivo apenas na fronteira oeste; e as de alta exigência são recomendadas principalmente para Serra Gaúcha, Campos de Cima da Serra, parte do Planalto Médio e da Serra do Sudeste.