Rows Of Papillae Research Articles

Oreichthys warjaintia, a new species of cyprinid fish from Meghalaya, India (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae).

Oreichthys warjaintia, new species, is described from the Pyrngang stream (Surma-Meghna basin), Meghalaya, northeast India. It can be distinguished from all known species within the genus Oreichthys in having the following combination of characters: complete lateral line with 25-27 pored scales, 13 branched pectoral-fin rays, 5-5½ branched anal-fin rays, 14 rows of papillae on suborbital, ½3/1/2½ scale rows in transverse line on body, presence of a black blotch on caudal-fin base, and in the coloration of dorsal, caudal, and anal fins. Oreichthys warjaintia is distinct from all known Oreichthys species for which mitochondrial cox1 sequence data are available by a raw genetic distance ranging from 8.3% to 11.1%.

New records of Cuspidaria trosaetes Dall, 1925 (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Cuspidariidae) in the Sea of Japan with notes on the genus Nordoneaera

For the first time carnivorous bivalve mollusc Cuspidaria trosaetes Dall, 1925 was recorded in the north-western Sea of Japan. There was only one species of Cuspidaria, C. ascoldica, previously known in this region. Alive specimens of C. trosaetes were collected in the Tatarsky Strait on the continental slope on muddy sediment at the depths of 531–589 m. Stomach contents of C. trosaetes consist of foraminifers, copepods and rissoid gastropods. Cuspidaria trosaetes was selected as a type species of a monotypic subgenus C. (Nordoneaera) Okutani, 1985, which is now considered a separate genus, based on the presence of a thick shell without sculpture and with thick periostracum, as well as a short rostrum. The first obtained data on anatomy of C. trosaetes suggest its close affinity with the type species of the genus Cuspidaria, C. cuspidata. Cuspidaria trosaetes and C. cuspidata share such features as the presence of 5 pairs of septal pores, thin elongated posterior labial palps and the presence of two rows of papillae on the rim of the common siphonal sheath. Taking into account new data we propose to synonymize the monotypic genus Nordoneaera with the genus Cuspidaria.

Optimal design and experiment of bionic vacuum suckers with high attachment properties

A variety of bionic vacuum suckers with papillae structures of different parameters were developed to improve the attachment performance of vacuum suckers. The oral sucker of the suckermouth catfish served as the bionic prototype and bionic suckers were made by taking the diameter of papillae, the number of single rows of papillae, the center distance between adjacent rows of papillae, and the distance between the outermost row of papillae and the edge as influencing factors. The single-factor tests and response surface tests were carried out respectively with the growth rates of vertical and horizontal attachment forces as the response values. Twenty-five groups of bionic suckers and one group of standard suckers were fabricated and tested for attachment forces. The experimental results revealed that the bionic suckers had higher vertical and horizontal attachment forces than standard suckers and that their maximum growth rates for these forces were 5.16% and 59.87%, respectively. This suggested that the bionic suckers had better attachment performance. The significant orders of the factors affecting response values were established and their interaction was also analyzed. Besides, the optimal parameter combination of papillae structures of the bionic suckers with optimal vertical and horizontal attachment properties was obtained, respectively. Finally, the influence mechanism of papillae structures on the attachment properties of bionic suckers was analyzed. The studies can serve as a guide for the application of bionic suckers in agricultural production areas such as fruit picking and handling, and the improvement of attachment performance of associated machinery.

Mallomonas rimosa sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae)—a rare tropical species from Vietnam

A new species, Mallomonas rimosa sp. nov., is described from Vietnam based on silica-scale morphology observed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Mallomonas rimosa belongs to section Torquatae and is most similar to M. eoa, M. prora, M. serrata, M. scrobiculata, M. pumilio var. dispersa, M. caverna, and M. lanalhuensis. The main distinctive features of scales of the newly described species are the shield ornamentation with small, circular, and evenly spaced pits and the single row of papillae on each side of the anterior flange. Mallomonas rimosa was found in water bodies with acidic conditions, low mineralization, and high temperature.

Tegumental topography and molecular characterisation of two trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in Kenya

The discoveries of new taxonomic features of digenean species through the application of contemporary techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular analysis are still growing. Two species of trematodes Glossidium pedatum and Tylodelphys mashonensis from the intestine and vitreous humour of Clarias gariepinus were recovered from Lake Ol’Bolossat, Kenya. The two endo-helminths were prepared for morphological examination using SEM and molecular characterisation. Additional morphological features were observed for G. pedatum such as domed papillae in the anterior extremity and a protruding cirrus which was unarmed, laterally folded and with a blunt tip as the first such observation for the genus and led to additional characteristics of the diagnosis of the genus. Tylodelphys mashonensis was characterised by a round oral sucker and tribocytic organ rounded with rows of papillae symmetrically arranged. The molecular analyses using ribosomal marker 28S large subunit (LSU) rDNA and mitochondrial (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) for both G. pedatum and T. mashonensis confirmed the identity of the species and their phylogenetic relationship within the subclass Digenea. This study provides the first mitochondrial (mt)DNA sequence for G. pedatum and also extends the geographical record of two parasites to Kenya.

Three-dimensional flow and turbulence structure around Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (A. japonicus) is a benthic invertebrate with a quasi-cylindrical body and several rows of papillae (conical prominence) on its body wall. As nutrient recyclers, A. japonicus plays a fundamental role in marine ecosystems and is one of the most important commercial aquaculture species in eastern Asia. Despite its ecological and economical importance, little is known concerning the flow characteristics surrounding A. japonicus on the organism scale. Research on the detailed flow structure at such a scale may serve as a significant step toward understanding the transport of sediment and nutrients in the vicinity of A. japonicus. This study sets up the D3Q27 multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method to obtain the three-dimensional flow structure around an individual A. japonicus placed at the bottom of a flat-bed channel. The numerical model is validated by a water flume experiment. The flow patterns exhibit distinctive features at three different angles of attack (0°, 45°, 90°). The increasing inflow velocity (0.1m/s, 0.25m/s, 0.4m/s) brings no fundamental change to the structure of flow fields but induces more small-scale vortices and larger velocity fluctuations. This study investigates the complex turbulent flow fields around the A. japonicus and provides new insight for future studies on the interaction between water flow and A. japonicus.

Biological Aspects of the Tongue and Oropharyngeal Cavity of the Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto, Columbiformes, Columbidae): Anatomical, Histochemical, and Ultrastructure Study.

We characterized the morphological and anatomical adaptations of the lingual microstructures of the Eurasian collared dove and discussed their implications for its dietary niche. We analyzed tongues of nine S. decaocto using histological, histochemical, stereomicroscopic, and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Our findings showed that the tongue is relatively short with a tapered apex that carries a terminal lingual nail. However, the lingual body has median scales and is bordered laterally by filiform papillae. Further, the tongue body bears a distinctive papillary crest. The tongue root is nonpapillate and infiltered with orifices of the posterior salivary glands. The bulky laryngeal mound has a circular glottic fissure, carrying a single row of papillae at the rear edge. Concurrently, our histological and histochemical findings demonstrate that the tongue has taste buds, anterior and posterior salivary glands, along with an elongated entoglossum that extends from lingual apex to root. Besides, ovoid and globular mucous glands displayed intense alcianophilic reactions. More substantially, the palate is made up of three palatine ridges with a caudal choanal cleft that was bounded by two rows of palatine papillae. Our data indicate multiple and novel structural variations for the lingual and palatal sculptures coopted for their feeding style.

Descriptions of two new species of Callogobius (Gobiidae) found in Japan

Callogobius albipunctatus sp. nov. and Callogobius dorsomaculatus sp. nov. are described from Japan. Both species are included in the sclateri group, characterized by elongate ctenii on the caudal fin base scales, the female urogenital papilla with two lateral projections, and the presence of cephalic sensory papillae Row 20 (preopercular row). Callogobius albipunctatus is characterized by cephalic sensory papillae Row 16 (transverse mandibular rows) comprising 10 papillae rows and a posteriormost single papilla, connected pelvic fins with a low frenum and concave posterior margin, cephalic sensory canal pores B'D(s)FH', 25–29 longitudinal row scales, 8–10 transverse row scales, and 7–11 predorsal scales, and C. dorsomaculatus by Row 16 comprising 11 papillae rows and a posteriormost single papilla, connected pelvic fins with a concave posterior margin but lacking a frenum, cephalic sensory canal pores B'C(s)D(s)EFH' or B'C(s)D(s)EFGH', 20–26 longitudinal row scales, 7–9 transverse row scales, and 6–10 predorsal scales. The cephalic sensory system in juvenile C. albipunctatus is described. Row 16, which is represented by three patterns within the genus, is redefined.

Revision of Chaetacanthus Seidler, 1922 (Annelida, Phyllodocida, Polynoidae).

The polynoid genus Chaetacanthus Seidler, 1922 currently includes three nominal species provided with parapodial branchiae. Members of this taxon have palps with longitudinal rows of papillae, notochaetae abundant and neurochaetae spinulose. Most Chaetacanthus species were originally described as belonging to Lepidonotus Leach, 1816, and some of them were later regarded as subjective synonyms of Iphione magnifica Grube, 1876, the type species for Chaetacanthus. This species was described from the Caribbean Sea and later recorded for the tropical Eastern Pacific. After the supposed Amphi-American distribution, a revision of all available material was performed in order to clarify the generic delineation, and to improve the understanding of species systematics. Further, some non-type specimens collected in Panama allowed us to have a better understanding of the variation of elytral shape and ornamentation along the body. The type material of Polynoe brasiliensis de Quatrefages, 1866 was examined and despite its poor condition, it shows parapodial branchial filaments which were overlooked in the original description; these branchiae are also present in the holotype of I. magnifica. We identify that there are no relevant difference between both species, and they are regarded as synonyms, and Chaetacanthus brasiliensis (de Quatrefages, 1866) is newly combined and is the senior synonym. On the other hand, Chaetacanthus pilosus (Treadwell, 1937), from the Eastern Pacific, and C. pomareae (Kinberg, 1856) from the South Central Pacific are redescribed, and C. harrisae n. sp., and C. ornatus n. sp. are both newly described from the Eastern Pacific. A key to identify all species of Chaetacanthus of the World, together with an appendix for the reversal of precedence of Lepidonotus Leach, 1816 over Eumolpe Oken, 1807 are also included.

Morphology of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in the Common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus); a light and scanning electron microscopic study.

The present work was carried out to describe morphological features of the tongue and laryngeal entrance of the Common pheasantPhasianus colchicus, using light and scanning electron microscopy. The lingual apex was taper-shaped with a shallow median sulcus. A V-shaped papillary crest with 15-20 caudally directed conical papillae was located between the radix and corpus linguae. The second row of papillae consisting of three caudolaterally directed conical papillae was arranged caudal to the main papillary crest. The mons laryngealis was equipped caudally with a double-layer of large conical papillae as pharyngeal crest, and few small conical papillae were seen around the glottis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that the apex linguae and corpus were covered with compact filiform papillae, while the radix linguae were free of papillae. Numerous openings of salivary gland can be seen on the radix linguae and mons laryngealis at higher magnification. On histological sections, all parts of the tongue and mons laryngealis were covered with a keratinised stratified squamous epithelium. The keratinised layer became thinner rostro-caudally. The simple alveolar salivary glands were distributed in the submucosa from the apex linguae to the radix linguae as well as the mons laryngealis. PAS staining revealed mucin-secreting activity of this glands. According to the findings, although the tongue and laryngeal entrance of the Common pheasant is characteristics of a galliform bird, it has some features similar to passeriformes and falconiformes.

New Moray Eel Species of Strophidon genus (Muraenidae) from Vietnam

A new species, Strophidon dawydoffi sp. n., from Nha Trang Bay (South China Sea, Vietnam) was described. The new species is well distinguished from the cooccurring S. sathete species by a thinner and elongated body, tail lobiform-extended at the end, external absence of vertical fins, a much smaller number of preanal vertebrae, elongated vertebral centra in the middle portion of the caudal region of the vertebral column, the structure of neural arches and parapophyses, variegated coloring of the body and oral cavity, a larger number of teeth in the inner rows on maxillare and dentale, and two or three rows of papillae on the lips. Differences in the number of infraorbital pores and in the shape of the snout between S. sathete specimens are associated with individual variability.

Evolutionary aspects of cephalic sensory papillae of the Indo‐Pacific species of Eleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae)

AbstractEleotris species (Teleostei: Eleotridae) are one of the most common fish in Indo‐Pacific estuaries and insular freshwater streams. In these rivers, they are a sit‐and‐wait predator. They have an amphidromous life cycle, that is adults grow, feed and reproduce in rivers, while larvae have a marine dispersal phase. Larvae recruit back to rivers and settle in stream habitats. Primary characters used to determine Eleotris species are the presence and the disposition of cephalic sensory papillae rows on the operculum and under the eyes as well as scale row numbers. The morphology of these cephalic sensory papillae is of particular importance in this predatory genus as it is generally correlated in fish to predation and feeding. In this paper, we have established a molecular phylogeny of the genus based on the 12 mitochondrial protein‐coding genes to discuss the relationship between Indo‐Pacific Eleotris species. There is a well‐supported dichotomy in the molecular phylogeny, and this separation into two main clades is also morphologically visible, as it reveals a difference in the arrangement of cephalic sensory papillae. Indeed, the phylogeny distinguishes the species with the “open” pattern of the operculum sensory papillae and the species with the “closed” one. This phylogeny thus reflects the morphology of the opercular papillae. The evolution of this character is discussed in terms of the adaptation of the Eleotris genus to life in tropical insular river systems.

Choana Morphogenesis in Developmental Stages of Muscovy Ducks

This study was performed by using fourty nine Muscovy ducks to obtained sufficient information about the development of the choanal slit from 1 to 60 days old. The choanal slit formed nearly one third of the total length of the palate in all studied ages; consisted of rostral narrow and caudal wide parts. The ratio of the length of narrow part to the total length of the choanal slit was generally low at the young ducks and increased in the older ones, while that of the wide part reversing the ratio of the narrow part. By SEM, 2 rows of papillae can be identified on the edges of the wide part of the choanal slit in all studied ages. The papillae of those rows were mostly cone-shaped with pointed apices, but some of them are dome-shaped with blunt apices were demonstrated at 60 days old and numerous openings of the intraepithelial glands were scattered within the epithelium of the choanal slit. At the edges of the choanal slit at one day old, the stratified squamous epithelium continues for a short distance before transforming into ciliated respiratory epithelium. This epithelium was interrupted by intraepithelial mucous glands. These glands and their ducts surrounded by multiple lymphatic infiltration and nodules at 15- 60 days old. The lamina propria of the palate at the level of the choanal slit contained palatine salivary glands, these glands in older ages surrounded by numerous lymphatic nodules.

Developmental stages of Notocotylus magniovatus Yamaguti, 1934, Catatropis vietnamensis n. sp., Pseudocatatropis dvoryadkini n. sp., and phylogenetic relationships of Notocotylidae Lühe, 1909.

Data on the life cycles and morphology of the developmental stages of Notocotylus magniovatus, Catatropis vietnamensis n. sp., and Pseudocatatropis dvoryadkini n. sp. were obtained. The Pseudocatatropis genus was restored based on our results. For the studied trematodes, the snails Parajuga spp., Helicorbis sujfunensis (Russia), and Melanoides tuberculata (Vietnam) serve as first intermediate hosts. It has been established that C. vietnamensis n. sp. differs from Catatropis harwoodi and Catatropis pakistanensis in the length of the ridge and metraterm and the location of the anterior papillae. In the life cycle of P. dvoryadkini n. sp., as in Pseudocatatropis joyeuxi, cercariae do not leave the first intermediate host. Both species are very similar in morphometric features, despite the fact that they share no common first intermediate hosts in their life cycles, and the areas of the European and Asian populations of flukes do not overlap. In phylogenetic trees and genetic distances based on the nucleotide sequences of the 28S gene and the ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA, Notocotylus attenuatus, Notocotylus intestinalis, and Notocotylus magniovatus are combined into one systematic group, while C. vietnamensis n. sp. and Catatropis indicus form another group. A third group includes members of different genera: P. dvoryadkini n. sp., and Notocotylus malhamensis, as well as three unclassified Notocotylus spp. The presence in the last group of flukes with three rows of papillae and a median ridge and lateral papillae indicates that these systematic criteria are not determinant in establishing membership of the parasitic worms to one or another genus of Notocotylidae.

New record of the Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål, 1775) (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) from Korea, as revealed by mitochondrial DNA barcoding

Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775) is a fish species newly identified with molecular analysis and reported in Korea for the first time. A single specimen of C. crenilabis was collected from a tidal pool on the southern coast of Jeju Island, Korea in August 2018. This species is characterized by several rows of papillae on both lips, no notch in the mouth corner, the presence of 36 lateral-line scales, and 24 vertebrae. The present specimen is morphologically similar to another seven mugilid species reported in Korea, but mitochondrial DNA COI gene analysis revealed that it is almost identical to C. crenilabis, sharing 98.9–99.3% identity, compared with 75.9–90.3% identity with other species. It’s newly proposed Korean names are ‘Dol-gi-ip-sung-eo-sok’ for the genus and ‘Dol-gi-ip-sung-eo’ for the species.

Apletodon gabonensis, a new species of clingfish (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from Gabon, eastern Atlantic Ocean

The clingfish Apletodon gabonensis sp. nov. is described on the basis of seven specimens and colour photographs from Gabon, eastern Atlantic Ocean. The species is small, apparently not exceeding 20 mm total length; it is characterized by having 5 dorsal-fin rays, 4-5 anal-fin rays, 25-27 pectoral-fin rays, head width in males 2.6-4.7 in SL, anus in males with urogenital papilla present but not pronounced; snout long, broad, anteriorly truncate in male, narrower and rather pointed in female; preorbital length 1.8-3.8 in head length; conspicuous maxillary barbel absent in both sexes; disc with 10-12 rows of papillae in region A, 5 rows of papillae in region B, and 5-7 rows of papillae in region C. The new species is compared with the other species of the genus; a key to the males of the 6 known species of the eastern Atlantic genus Apletodon is presented.

Morphological Studies of the Oral Roof of the Egyptian Laughing Dove (Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca) and Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonicum)

This study aimed to determine the morphological characteristics of the palate, choanal slit of two birds of different families; Japanese Quail (JQ) for family Phasianidae and Laughing Dove (LD) for family Columbidae by gross anatomy, scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The organs of 16 birds (eight laughing doves and eight Japanese quails) were used. The length of the oropharyngeal roof was nearly equal in both birds; it was divided into oral and pharyngeal roofs. The oral roof (palate) was narrow elongated triangular shaped in LD and wide triangular shaped in JQ, and the oral roof (palate) was longer in LD than that of JQ. The ratio of the oral roof (palate) to the total length of the oro- pharynx was 86.36% in LD and 72.82% in JQ. The choanal slit constituted a nearly same percentage of the length of the palate which was 49-50% while to the total length of the oropharynx was 43.19% in LD and 36.75% in JQ. The line of separation between narrow and wide parts of the choanal slit demarcated by caudolaterally directed papillae and mucosal elevation in LD and by a transverse row of V-shaped papillae in JQ. The edges of the rostral narrow part bear small sized wide-spaced papillae having serrated appearance, while the edges of the wide part were smooth in LD. In JQ 3 transverse rows of papillae and one transverse mucosal fold were presented around the choanal slit. The lamina propria of the palate consisted of dense connective tissue, rich in several types of sensory corpuscles; Merkel's corpuscles were the majority of the sensory corpuscles in LD. Herpst corpuscles with variable sizes and shapes were the majority of sensory corpuscles in JQ. Submucosa of the palate on each side of the choanal slit consisted of 2 groups of palatine salivary glands; medial and lateral groups in JQ and few lobules of the medial salivary glands were observed in LD.

Clasper gland morphology and development in Potamotrygon magdalenae (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae).

Clasper gland morphology and development in Potamotrygon magdalenae and its relation with the acquisition of reproductive maturity is described in males of different developmental stages (embryos, neonates, juveniles, and reproductively active and resting adults). The glands are subcutaneous masses in the proximal base of each clasper. They are partially bilobate organs with a ventral groove that bears a row of papillae. Glands tend to be asymmetric, the left gland has a larger size, a trend that has been observed in other organs of elasmobranchs. Glands are formed by radially organized tubular secretory units lined with a simple columnar epithelium with basal nuclei and granular eosinophilic cytoplasm; vascularized loose connective tissue surrounds the gland units. The gland is covered by two layers of striated muscle tissue in circular and longitudinal arrangement. The clasper glands begin to develop in neonates and their secretory activity begins in juveniles. The active secretion of the clasper gland is observed in mature males, it includes glycoproteins and sulfated mucopolysaccharides. The size of the glands has a positive and direct relationship with body size, measured as disc width. Significant differences in clasper gland size were found between mature (active and resting) and immature (neonates and juveniles) males, suggesting that the acquisition of the sexual maturity involves the increase in the size of the gland due to a highly augmented secretory activity. Therefore, clasper glands are clearly associated with the reproductive activity of males and their secretion should have an endocrine control as other sexual secondary organs. J. Morphol. 278:369-379, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Aberrant migration of Dirofilaria immitis in the peritoneum of a dog

Dirofilaria immitis is the causative agent of heartworm disease in North America. The adult nematodes are typically found in the pulmonary arteries leading to respiratory, cardiac and systemic illness. In...

Morphological features of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in two predatory birds with similar feeding preferences: common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and Hume's tawny owl (Strix butleri).

The aim of this investigation was to describe the morphological characters of the tongue of two predatory birds with similar feeding preferences, i.e. the common kestrel and Hume's tawny owl. Descriptive information on the lingual morphology of these two birds, particularly Hume's tawny owl, is incomplete. We found that the lingual apex of the owl has an oval, concave, shovel-like form with a bifid lingual tip, while that of the kestrel has the shape of a horny tip-like spoon with a central process in addition to there being several filiform-like papillae on the dorsal surface of the apex and body. In the owl, the dorsal surface of the apex and body is subdivided into four U-shaped regions: lingual tip, two lateral regions and a median region. The two lateral regions are characterized by the presence of papillae and several openings of lingual glands, while the median region carries filiform-like papillae. In both birds, the papillary crest is located between the body and root. In the kestrel, there is an additional row of papillae rostral to crest, while in the owl there is a rostral lateral extension of papillae on the lateral lingual surface so the distribution pattern has a W-shape. In the kestrel, the posterior part of lingual body has several openings of glands, while the root lacks glands completely, although it has many taste buds. In the owl, the lingual root is folded and has a large number of gland openings. In the kestrel caudally to the glottis, there are two paramedian transverse rows of pharyngeal papillae with a pair of median huge papillae, while in the owl, there is only one transverse row of papillae. The dorsal and ventral lingual surfaces of both birds are lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.