MANET Routing Protocols Research Articles

Comparative Study of Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Manet

Today in the world most of young researchers focused infrastructure less network is ad hoc network, especially one type of the best research temporary network is called Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). Mobile ad hoc network is collection of in-depended mobile nodes that able to communicate anytime anywhere in the emergency environment through wireless link with each other also every node acts as transmitter, receiver and router. This self configured infrastructure less network having some issues like traffic, delay, throughput, energy, security attacks, bandwidth and storage etc., [2] more are less energy and security attacks is very dangers issue due to dynamic nature, battery power, packet drop, misbehaviour attack, conjunction and mobility. In this research writing mainly we discussed energy issue because of when solve energy automatically network lifetime will be increased and also delivery ratio and throughput will be increased due to reduces of energy utilization, so here we discussed some of valuable research work they conclude the importance of energy efficient with help of one of leading simulation model called Network Simulator (NS2).

Comparative Study of Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Manet

Today in the world most of young researchers focused infrastructure less network is ad hoc network, especially one type of the best research temporary network is called Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). Mobile ad hoc network is collection of in-depended mobile nodes that able to communicate anytime anywhere in the emergency environment through wireless link with each other also every node acts as transmitter, receiver and router. This self configured infrastructure less network having some issues like traffic, delay, throughput, energy, security attacks, bandwidth and storage etc., [2] more are less energy and security attacks is very dangers issue due to dynamic nature, battery power, packet drop, misbehaviour attack, conjunction and mobility. In this research writing mainly we discussed energy issue because of when solve energy automatically network lifetime will be increased and also delivery ratio and throughput will be increased due to reduces of energy utilization, so here we discussed some of valuable research work they conclude the importance of energy efficient with help of one of leading simulation model called Network Simulator (NS2).

Performance Analysis of Hybrid Protocol Under Distributed Denial of Service Attack in Remote Healthcare Systems

Introduction: The future of healthcare systems relies on faster communication between sensors and smart devices, which can assist in taking decisions for betterment of patients. The responsiveness of wireless health care system in case of medical urgencies is crucial factor for survival of patient’s life. The routing protocol of infrastructure less based are playing key role in sending the information in such medical related emergencies. Therefore, it is important to study and identify the best routing protocol in wireless healthcare based system using Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETS). Methods: MANET routing protocols such as Ad-hoc On Demand Vector (AODV), Secure AODV (SAODV) and Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) through their routing environment are simulated through this research study. It is essential to highlight the effect of various attacks affecting the routing methodology of these protocols. Since Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is popularly talked about and is most vulnerable attack present in MANET environment, so this research study analyses AODV, SAODV and HWMP under DDoS attacks through various simulation parameters. Results: In this research study, most suitable routing protocols to handle DDoS attacks are simulated and estimated in terms of delay and packet delivery ratio in the scenario of changing nodes. This aids in providing implications to enhance existing protocols and alleviate the consequences of DDoS investigation by such attacks. Discussion: For ensuring the optimized routing, privacy and security of patient’s data during transmission in healthcare sector, MANET could be used as one of the important technology combined with IoT. For dealing with end to end data transmission of patient's sensitive data, MANET protocol plays a vital role in sending the information securely. Conclusion: The performance of AODV, SAODV and HWMP (Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol) are compared and tabularized which are the most popularly utilized protocols in healthcare environment. The simulation results shows that the HWMP out performed than AODV and SAODV routing protocol, in terms of evaluation metrics namely end-to-end delay and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and could be considered as much less vulnerable against DDoS attacks prevailing in wireless healthcare sector using MANET.

Mobile Ad Hoc Network Security Using Mean Field Game Theoretic Threshold-Based Scheme

Background: Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET’s) have recently attracted attention as it is independent of any pre-existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Security in MANET’s thus becomes a major concern due to its open and dynamic architecture. Objective: We have introduced a dynamic mean field game theoretic approach to enable an individual node in MANETs to make strategic security defense decisions without centralized administration. Method: The nodes in MANET’s act as a router to forward data packets and exchange routing information. Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol is one of the standard MANET routing protocols which can be easily attacked by the fraudulent nodes. The fraudulent nodes can be deceptive and mislead the transmission of data packets in the network by providing shorter path and highest destination sequence number. Game theory finds wide application as a statistical and mathematical tool to model such dynamic networks and provide security. Results: We have implemented mean field game theory for addressing security issue in MANET’s. Each node in this dynamic distributed network, knows the information about its own state as well as the average reflection of the whole mean field. The players can strategically make distributed security defense decisions under adverse conditions. Unlike static threshold-based scheme for security, in our study the threshold is estimated dynamically. Each node checks whether the received Route REPly (RREP) sequence number is higher than a dynamically updated threshold value. Conclusion: The comparative performance analysis of throughput (TR), packet delivery rate (PDR) and average cost (AC) has been demonstrated. Game theory has a vital role to validate and justify the intuitive strategic actions taken by each player to maximize their utility by playing optimal strategy. On the basis of the dynamic threshold calculated, the higher throughput and PDR could be achieved by eliminating the misleading paths. Simulation results corroborate that our dynamic mean field game theoretic scheme outperforms the static scheme. Discussion: A dynamic approach for mobile ad hoc networks is presented in this paper to improve the performance of the network in hostile environment. We have introduced a dynamic mean field game theoretic approach to enable an individual node in MANETs to make strategic security defense decisions without centralized administration. In this dynamic distributed network, each node in the proposed scheme only needs to know its own state information and the average reflection of the whole mean field.

Improved MANET Routing Protocols Performance by Using Hybrid Cat and Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO)

The technology that used in communicating data and voice among certain mobile network nodes using wireless medium and radio spectrum transmission is called Mobile networking. Generally, Mobile refers to the intent, portable and lightweight devices that may be carried by their movie users. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid version of the swarm optimization model to improve the MANET routing protocols. The proposed optimization sets optimal parameters for the MANET networks. The proposed model combines between Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO). The methodology which will be developed in this research can be used for revealing the MANT networks or mobile sensor networks the study involve enhance mechanism(s) that can be used to avoid degraded routing issues to increase the performance. The result the obtain by proposed model satisfy best result compared with both PSO and CSO.

An Optimized Fuzzy Based Ant Colony Algorithm for 5G-MANET

The 5G demonstrations in a business has a significant role in today's fast-moving technology. Manet in 5G, drives a wireless system intended at an enormously high data rate, lower energy, low latency, and cost. For this reason, routing protocols of MANET have the possibility of being fundamentally flexible, high performance, and energy-efficient. The 5G communication aims to afford higher data rates and significantly low Over-The-Air latency. Motivated through supplementary ACO routing processes, a security-aware, fuzzy improved ant colony routing optimization protocol is proposed in MANETs. The goal is to develop a MANET routing protocol that could provide a stable packet transmission ratio, less overhead connectivity, and low end-to-end latency in shared standard scenarios and attack states. MANET demonstrates effective results with hybrid architecture and proved to be effective than other state-of-the-art routing protocols of MANETs, like AODV, its routing organization implemented through Optimized Fuzzy based ACO Algorithm for 5G. Millimeter-wavelengths are required to perform a significant role in 5G. This research proposed to test the efficiency of MANET consisting of only mmWave User Equipment. MANET reduced packet transmission loss of UEs with mmWave, meaning well-transmitted SNR leads directly to a better packet delivery ratio. To verify results, simulation using the NS-3 simulator mmWave module is used.

Fuzzy based local agent routing protocol for delay conscious MANETs

Fuzzy based local agent routing protocol for delay conscious MANETs

Spherical-based routing protocols for three-dimensional MANET

Spherical-based routing protocols for three-dimensional MANET

Fuzzy based local agent routing protocol for delay conscious MANETs

Fuzzy based local agent routing protocol for delay conscious MANETs

Spherical-based routing protocols for three-dimensional MANET

Spherical-based routing protocols for three-dimensional MANET

Mobility aware and reliable multipath routing protocol for MANETs

Mobility aware and reliable multipath routing protocol for MANETs

Comparison of on-demand routing protocol for MANET using simulation

In the test lab, the study includes the behavior of the network and many services and applications it supports; other aspects of the environment can also be modified in a controlled manner to evaluate how the network will perform under different circumstances. Network designers can test completely new network protocols or make changes to existing one using network simulators in a controlled and reproducible manner. This paper discussed the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) reactive routing protocol, which was modeled using eight different types of network simulators and an active node count of 80 without any malicious nodes. Based on the analysis of the results of the simulators, Network Simulator 2 (NS2) demonstrated the highest packet delivery rate compared to other simulators.

MSA-SFO-based Secure and Optimal Energy Routing Protocol for MANET

MSA-SFO-based Secure and Optimal Energy Routing Protocol for MANET

Analysis of Manet Routing Protocols in Wireless Communication

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft without a human pilot and a type of unmanned vehicle. UAVs controlled with the help of remote controller. Due to increasing demand of UAVs the various researchers developed the new technologies in wireless communication system. This paper majorly concerns over the Analysis and comparison of MANET Routing protocols for UAV communication. UAVs are playing vital roles in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Routing is most important task when we are conducting the wireless communication among UAVs. In this paper we analyse the performance of different type of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) protocols for the communication of UAVs. Various research papers over MANET Routing protocols for UAV communication are discussed in this review paper.

An efficient broadcasting routing protocol WAODV in mobile ad hoc networks

Information broadcasting in wireless network is a necessary building block for cooperative operations. However, the broadcasting causes increases the routing overhead. This paper brings together an array of tools of our adaptive protocol for information broadcasting in MANETs. The proposed protocol in this paper named WAODV (WAIT-AODV). This new adaptive routing discovery protocol for MANETs, lets in nodes to pick out a fantastic motion: both to retransmit receiving request route request (RREQ) messages, to discard, or to wait earlier than making any decision, which dynamically confgures the routing discovery feature to decide a gorgeous motion through the usage of neighbors’ knowledge. Simulations have been conducted to show the effectiveness of the using of techniques adaptive protocol for information broadcasting RREQ packet when integrated into ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocols for MANET (which is based on simple flooding).

Comparative Analysis of Performance of Routing Protocols in MANETs: A Review

Comparative Analysis of Performance of Routing Protocols in MANETs: A Review

Shadowing and Mobility Effect on Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocol in MANET

ABSTRAK Pada makalah ini, kami membandingkan protokol routing proaktif Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) dan protokol routing reaktif Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) dan Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) pada model propagasi Shadowing dan pergerakan pada mobile adhoc network (MANET). Terdapat dua skenario pengujian, yaitu dampak dari kecepatan pergerakan pengguna dan variasi waktu jeda pengguna dengan mobilitas Random Way Point (RWP). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar kecepatan maka kinerja throughput akan menurun, sedangkan delay dan Normalized Routing Load (NRL) akan meningkat. Semakin lama waktu jeda, semakin lama topologi berubah, akibatnya parameter throughput meningkat sedangkan delay end-to-end dan NRL menurun. OLSR proaktif menunjukkan kinerja terbaik dibandingkan dengan protokol lain berdasarkan parameter throughput, sedangkan AODV reaktif mengungguli penundaan end-to-end dan parameter NRL. Kata kunci: Protokol perutean, shadowing, Mobility, MANET ABSTRACT In this paper, we compared the proactive routing protocols Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and the reactive routing protocols Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) in shadowing propagation and mobility model on mobile adhoc network (MANET). There are two test scenarios, such as the impact of user movement velocity and variations in user pause time with Random Way Point (RWP) mobility. In user velocity testing, the greater the speed, the throughput performance will decrease, while the delay and Normalized Routing Load (NRL) will increase. The pause time test describes the dynamics of changing network topology. The longer the pause time, the longer the topology changes, as a result, the throughput parameter increases while the end-to-end delay and NRL decrease. The proactive OLSR shows the best performance compared to other protocols based on throughput parameters, while the reactive AODV outperforms for end-to-end delay and NRL parameters. Keywords: routing protocol, shadowing, Mobility, MANET

Enhancing the Performance of Wireless Routing Protocols of MANET using AI

Enhancing the Performance of Wireless Routing Protocols of MANET using AI

ZHLS Security Enhancement by integrating SHA256, AES, DH in MANETS

In this century fast growing and progressive change of technology, Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) which is a no centralized structure plays great role. The routing protocol in this network is objective to deliver efficient route since sender to receiver. One of the hybrid routing protocols example is Zone Based Hierarchical Link State Routing Protocol (ZHLS) that is can’t allowable huge amount of inside attacks which arise from malevolent nodes. The third party in the routing system may drop the data, as well as disturbs the progression of the routing. To resolve this difficult, ZHLS Security is enhanced by integrating SHA256, AES, DH in MANETS. Security to routing protocols in MANETS is incorporated with different traditional Security mechanisms. My idea behind this thesis is to use integrated security ZHLS protocol by integrating Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as well as secure hash algorithms to provide the data security. Also, it is, Deffi-Hellman to preserve privacy among the data transmission nodes. In the proposed method, AES is applied to symbol, also authentication to provide the confidentiality of the message in the routing system. This work will be simulated on NS2 environment and it may highly improve the security of data transmission among wireless mobile nodes.

Trust based efficient routing (TER) protocol for MANETS

Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANET) is a collection of nodes of wireless connectivity. In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) all the mobile nodes are requiring restricted battery capacity. Because of the changing nature of network the sudden communication link breakage happens. Hence the possibility of data loss is more. Efficient utilization of energy and lossless transmission are the important issues in MANET. This paper proposes a new Trust based Efficient Energy Balanced Less Loss Routing (TER) Protocol for MANETS. This protocol improves the network performance by properly choosing the intermediate forwarding nodes. The Source Node picks only single of its neighbors as its next hop node by using Efficient Parameter (EP). The EP is calculated from the residual energy, distance, Occupied Queue space, the velocity of that node. The node using maximum EP is nominated as the succeeding node. This protocol reduces the number of channeling messages and hence reduces the path-finding Overhead of the network. It lessens the chance of data loss and hence improves throughput and Packet Delivery Ratio. This protocol adds trust to the selected node. In this paper, we do the simulation in ns-2 simulator and the performance is measured by with performance parameters like Routing Overhead, Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput, End to End Delay and Average energy consumption.