MANET Routing Protocols Research Articles

A generic algorithmic protocol approaches to improve network life time and energy efficient using combined genetic algorithm with simulated annealing in MANET

PurposeIn the present networking scenarios, MANETs mainly focus on reducing the consumed power of battery-operated devices. The transmission of huge data in MANETs is responsible for greater energy usage, thereby affecting the parameter metrics network performance, throughput, packet overhead, energy consumption in addition to end-to-end delay. The effective parameter metric measures are implemented and made to enhance the network lifetime and energy efficiency. The transmission of data for at any node should be more efficient and also the battery of sensor node battery usage should be proficiently applied to increase the network lifetime. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn this research work for the MANETs, the improvement of energy-efficient algorithms in MANETs is necessary. The main aim of this research is to develop an efficient and accurate routing protocol for MANET that consumes less energy, with an increased network lifetime.FindingsIn this paper, the author has made an attempt to improve the genetic algorithm with simulated annealing (GASA) for MANET to minimize the energy consumption of 0.851 percent and to enhance the network lifetime of 61.35 percent.Originality/valueIn this paper, the author has made an attempt to improve the GASA for MANET to minimize the energy consumption of 0.851 percent and to enhance the network lifetime of 61.35 percent.

Novel Approach to Multi Constraints Reactive Multicast Routing Protocol for MANET

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.

Performance Evaluation: MAODV (Tree-based) Vs. PUMA(Mesh-based) Multicast Protocols for MANETs

To achieve better performance of multicast routing protocols for MANETs in various scenarios is still a contemporary issue for the researchers to explore. Distribution structure created as tree or mesh may cause pros and cons in these protocols. Among them MAODV which creates Tree based structure and PUMA creating Mesh based structure are famous routing protocols for MANETs. The research paper evaluate these protocols, and their performance is arbitrated by applying various stress conditions. These stress conditions are based on exponentially increasing the number of simultaneous listeners and join-leave sessions per node to evaluate the appropriate distribution structured protocol surviving and maintaining its performance. Increasing the join/leave sessions in different scenarios particularly assesses the strategy of distribution structure. Packet delivery ratio (PDR) is taken as a metric to compare the performance of above mentioned MAODV and PUMA multicast routing protocols.

Performance Analysis of LANMAR Routing Protocol in SANET and MANET

Performance Analysis of LANMAR Routing Protocol in SANET and MANET

Congestion-Adaptive and Delay-Sensitive Multirate Routing Protocol in MANETs: A Cross-Layer Approach

With a growing demand of multimedia communication over MANETs, to support quality of service (QoS), the MAC standards such as 802.11a/b/g operate with multiple data rates to efficiently utilize the limited resources. Since the wireless channel is shared among the neighbors in MANETs, determining delay-sensitive and congestion-aware routes using the IEEE 802.11 MAC is still a challenging problem. This paper proposes a novel cross-layer approach called congestion-adaptive and delay-sensitive multirate (CADM) routing protocol in MANETs. The CADM protocol exploits the cross-layer interaction between the network layer, MAC, and physical layer. The CADM accesses the correlation between data rate, congestion metric, and MAC delay in delay-sensitive applications to provide enhanced network efficiency in MANETs. The protocol discovers multiple node-disjoint routes and facilitates optimal data rates between the links based on the estimated delay to admit a flow with the certain delay requirement in multirate MANETs. The proposed CADM protocol discovers the route through less congested nodes and also actively handles the congestion if it occurs. The performance of the CADM protocol is comprehensively assessed through the simulation, which highlights the advantages of our cross-layer mechanism.

Energy Efficient and Secured Clustering Algorithm using Fuzzy Logic with K-means Method in MANET

Background/Objective: To identify and survey more suitable routing protocol for MANET. Methods/Finding: In this study, we present a fuzzy bunching calculation which improves the vitality proficiency of LEACH convention by utilizing a superior group head determination arrangement. For this proposes, we apply the quantity of live neighboring nodes and remaining vitality of system nodes to choose better nodes for grouping. Application: By making progressively symmetric groups, our plan decreases the vitality utilization of the sensors and this at long last builds the lifetime of the sensor arrange. Keywords: Alive Nodes, Energy Consumption, Fuzzy Logic, LEACH, Lifetime of Network, MANET

Performance Analysis of AODV under Black Hole Attack

In this paper, we represent the effect of Black Hole attack in AODV routing protocol in MANET is analyzed. We also compare the network performance of standard AODV against Black Hole attack on AODV routing protocol. Simulation is carried out using NS-2.35. It depicts that PDR percentage and Average Throughput decrease and End to End Delay (EED) increases due to the presence of malicious nodes in the Mobile Ad-Hoc Network.

Node Density Based Performance comparison of Neighbor Knowledge and Probability Based Broadcast Approaches with Conventional routing protocols in MANET's

Node Density Based Performance comparison of Neighbor Knowledge and Probability Based Broadcast Approaches with Conventional routing protocols in MANET's

A survey on power and load-aware multipath node-disjoint routing protocol for MANET

A survey on power and load-aware multipath node-disjoint routing protocol for MANET

Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in MANET Under Malicious Attacks

MANETs routing protocols are vulnerable to various types of security attacks such as selfish nodes, grey-hole and black-hole attacks. These routing protocols are unprotected and subsequently result in various kinds of malicious mobile nodes being injected into the networks. In this paper, three types of attacks such as selfish, gray-hole and black-hole attacks have been applied to two important MANET routing protocols; Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (OADV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) in order to analyze and compare the impact of these attacks on the network performance based on throughput, average delay, packet loss and consumption of energy.

Analysing Collective Effect of Metrics on MANET Routing Protocols

Analysing Collective Effect of Metrics on MANET Routing Protocols

A Neutrosophic Technique Based Efficient Routing Protocol For MANET Based On Its Energy And Distance

A Neutrosophic Technique Based Efficient Routing Protocol For MANET Based On Its Energy And Distance

Approaches for Enhancing the Performance of Routing Protocols in MANET

Nodes in Mobile Ad hoc networks communicate wirelessly to one another. Nodes of such wireless networks have limited battery capacity and low bandwidth and these nodes incessantly move inside the network causing link failure, frequent topological changes and increased power consumption. In this paper detailed description about various routing issues like energy consumption, link failure and security issues in the context of routing protocols are discussed and suggestion has also been given for improving the performance of MANET.

Performance of AODV Protocol for H-MANETs

As per need of recent applications, new research aspects related to scalability, heterogeneity, and power consumption have been arisen. These problems are supposed to be fixed for better utilization of MANETs. MANET nodes interact through multi-hop routing. AODV is a commonly used on-demand protocol for routing in MANETs. In the existing literature, AODV has been analyzed a number of times but heterogeneity of the nodes has not been addressed. Heterogeneity may be defined as diversity among the nodes in resources or capability. The environment is usually heterogeneous in case of constraint fluid dynamic environment of MANET. In this paper we are analyzing the routing performance as well as energy efficient behavior of AODV routing protocol in both homogeneous and heterogeneous MANETs (H-MANETs), using performance parameters like ratio of delivered packets, throughput, average delay, average power consumption, energy of alive nodes, etc. Heterogeneity has been introduced in terms of different initial energy for all the nodes, unlike the homogeneous scenario. The simulation work has been done using network simulator (NS-2). This work will be helpful to get insight of effects of heterogeneity on energy efficiency and other performance metrics of AODV.

A Survey on Various Routing Protocols for MANET in Different Node Mobility Models With Respect To Performance Aspects

A Survey on Various Routing Protocols for MANET in Different Node Mobility Models With Respect To Performance Aspects

Analyzing the Impact of Eaves on Energy Consumption of AODV Routing Protocol For MANETS

In this dynamic world, communication is a sine qua non for development. Communication represents sharing of information which can be local or remote. Though local communications may occur face to face between individuals remote communications take place among people over long distances. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are becoming an interesting part of research due to the increasing growth of wireless devices (laptops, tablets, mobiles etc.) and as well as wireless internet facilities like 4G/Wi-Fi. A MANET is any infrastructure-less network formed by independent and self-configuring nodes. Each node acts as router. In order to send data, the source node initiates a routing process by using a routing protocol. The nature of the wireless medium is always insecure. So, during routing many attacks can take place. The main objective of an eavesdropper is to grab the confidential information in the network. This secret information is used by a malicious node to perform further attacks. Here, the entire problem lies in identifying the eavesdropper because the eavesdropper acts a normal node in the network. In this paper, we analyzed the impact of eavesdropper while executing an Ad hoc On Demand routing (AODV) protocol in MANETs. All the simulations are done using QualNet 5.1 network simulator. From the results, it is found that the network performance degrades in presence of an eavesdropper.

Optimizing Transmission Power and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in MANETs

Energy is the important criterion for a decentralized network. By the cooperative physical layer network coding scheme, the requirement of energy transmission can be reduced. This could be implemented using two routing algorithms namely CCSPR and COSPNCR. An algorithm is constructed for reducing power consumption and rate control. In contradiction of the conventional power aware algorithms, an efficient power aware routing (EPAR) method is proposed which distinguishes the capability of nodes by its residual battery power, and through the expected energy that spent in reliably data packets forwarding on a specific link. To evaluate this, the data routing is performed with high mobility in dynamic environment. By using this algorithm, less cost path can be chosen and data rate can also be controlled. Thus energy consumption can be decreased and hence lifetime of a node can be improved. This approach first identifies the path having high lifetime and through that path, the communication will take place. This work consumes a lesser amount of energy for the routing, thus makes power efficient routing. Hence the throughput is increased and the power consumption is reduced. The conventional shortest path routing method on regular line and the grid line networks attains the gain of energy savings up to 45–75% correspondingly. By using EPAR algorithm, the energy consumption rate is minimized, so the network life time and the performance are improved. The energy consumption rate can be decreased to 80% by using EPAR approach in Mobile Ad hoc Networks.

Performance Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols using different Mobility Models and Varying Speed

Performance Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols using different Mobility Models and Varying Speed

Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in Manet Under Malicious Attacks

MANETs routing protocols are vulnerable to various types of security attacks such as selfish nodes, grey-hole and black-hole attacks. These routing protocols are unprotected and subsequently result in various kinds of malicious mobile nodes being injected into the networks. In this paper, three types of attacks such as selfish, grey-hole and black-hole attacks have been applied to two important MANET routing protocols; Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (OADV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) in order to analyse and compare the impact of these attacks on the network performance based on throughput, average delay, packet loss and consumption of energy.

The Nash’s Balance in the Theory of Games for A Secure Model Mechanism in Routing Protocol of Manet

The present work is dedicated to study attacks and countermeasure in MANET. After a short introduction to what the Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are and network security we present a survey of various attacks in MANETs pertaining to fail routing protocols. We present the different tools used by these attacks and the mechanisms used by the secured routing protocols to counter them. We also study a mechanism of security, named the reputation, proposed for the MANETs and the protocol which implements it. We also propose a secure mechanism which is based on the reputation. Our work ends with a proposal analytical model to the modules of our mechanism and the equilibrium states of our model.