Routine Radiographic Examination Research Articles

Management of pre-eruptive intracoronal radiolucency (PEIR): a case series with up to 8 years follow-up.

Pre-eruptive intra-coronal radiolucency (PEIR) is a rare dental anomaly often incidentally detected during routine radiographic examinations. This condition manifests as a radiolucent lesion beneath the enamel-dentinal junction of unerupted teeth, particularly in lower molars, posing diagnostic and management challenges due to its asymptomatic nature. The treatment of PEIR depends on the extent of the lesion and the degree of pulp involvement. This case series reports on four patients with progressive pre-eruptive intra-coronal radiolucency. In case 1 and 2, lesions were incidentally discovered in an OPG during orthodontic planning (lower permanent 2nd molars), and additional surgical exposure to access the lesion was required as teeth were only partially erupted. Interestingly in case 3, the PEIR was not visible in earlier x-rays though the crown of the tooth was already mineralized (lower permanent 2nd molar). For case 4, the tooth presented with symptoms of reversible pulpitis (lower permanent 1st molar). All lesions were treated with indirect pulp capping using biocompatible material. The patients were followed-up for a period of up to 8 years to evaluate treatment success. Indirect pulp capping and restorations were found to be successful in all four cases in the last follow-up: 1 year (case 2), 1.4 years (case 1), 1.5 years (case 4), and 8 years (case 3). This case series demonstrates the effectiveness of early intervention via surgical exposure and indirect pulp capping and restoration for managing severe cases of PEIR. However, further research with larger samples and long follow-up is necessary.

Results of routine thoracic radiographic examinations rarely impact the plan to proceed with anesthetic procedures in dogs with presumed acute intervertebral disc herniation.

Acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) constitutes an emergency because associated neurological clinical signs can be progressive, with prognosis dependent on preoperative presence of deep pain perception. Pre-anesthetic thoracic radiographs are routinely performed to evaluate for potential pathology that could result in increased risk or change in overall prognosis. However, due to the emergent nature of this disease, the weight of thoracic radiographic findings on treatment plans for these dogs in unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical benefit of thoracic radiographs prior to advanced spinal imaging and surgery for acute non-ambulatory dogs with suspected T3-L3 myelopathy. Consecutive dogs presented with presumed acute IVDH between July 2020-July 2022 were identified, and medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Age, body weight, and alteration of treatment plan were compared between the dogs with positive thoracic pathology identified on thoracic radiographs and those with negative thoracic pathology. Only 2/105 dogs had their diagnostic and treatment plans changed due to thoracic radiographic findings. Dogs with radiographic pathology diagnosed (2/16) were more likely to have their treatment plans changed than dogs with no radiographic pathology (0/89) (p = 0.014). The odds of radiographic thoracic pathology were 4.6 times higher in dogs aged 12 years or older [OR 4.6 (95%CI 1.2-17, p = 0.026]. Performing routine thoracic radiography prior to advanced (anesthetized) diagnostic spinal imaging in presumed IVDH cases rarely resulted in a change to the treatment plan, thought eh practice may be clinically relevant in dogs 12 years of age or older.

Application of Oxygen Saturation Test after Replantation of Avulsed Immature Permanent Teeth: A Prospective Observational Study

IntroductionThe evaluation of pulp status is crucial for avulsed immature permanent teeth after replantation. In addition to commonly used clinical and radiographic examinations providing clinical evidence, the oxygen saturation test may offer valuable assistance. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of a pulse oximeter in evaluating pulp status in avulsed and replanted immature permanent teeth. MethodsA prospective observational study was performed including 51 avulsed and replanted immature permanent teeth. Routine clinical and radiographic examinations were performed and used as the basis for the diagnosis of pulp status during the 1-year follow-up period. Meanwhile, the oxygen saturation values of these teeth were recorded using a modified pulse oximeter at each visit. ResultsSeven teeth completed pulp revascularization (success group), whereas 44 teeth failed to revascularize (failure group). Abnormal clinical and/or radiographic manifestations in the failure group were observed at an average period of 42.7 days, which was too late because a high incidence of inflammatory root resorption (43.18%) had occurred. For oxygen saturation tests, teeth in the success group showed an immediate postreplantation oxygen value of 70.71 ± 3.35, then an upward trend starting from the 2-week postreplantation visit, and a significantly increased final value of 81.86 ± 2.34 at the 1-year visit. In contrast, no increase trend was found for teeth in the failure group because abnormal clinical and/or radiographic manifestations emerged. ConclusionsThe oxygen saturation test is a reliable diagnostic method to evaluate pulp status of avulsed teeth as early as 2 weeks after replantation.

Xanthoma of the Jaw Bones: Cases Series and Review of Literature

BackgroundIntraosseous xanthomas are rare benign lesions sometimes associated with excess lipid production. Xanthoma of the jaw bones (XJB) was first reported in 1964, and fewer than 50 cases have been reported in the English literature to date. The etiopathogenesis of XJB is highly suggestive of a reactive process or a metabolic condition.MethodSeven cases of XJBs were retrieved from the archives of 4 oral and maxillofacial pathology services. Clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of all these cases were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains for S100 and CD68 were performed.ResultsAll seven cases involved the mandible. Patients’ age ranged between 13 and 69 years with an evenly distributed female to male ratio. One patient had a medical history of hyperlipidemia, but the medical and dental histories of the others were unremarkable. For most cases, XJB was an incidental finding discovered during routine radiographic examination. Swelling and cortical expansion were noted in a few cases. Radiographically, cases typically presented as either well-defined multilocular or unilocular lesions, which were either radiolucent or mixed radiolucent/radiopaque. All the lesions were treated with surgical curettage and no recurrence was observed during subsequent follow-ups. Each of the seven cases exhibited sheets of foamy macrophages. The diagnosis is established by exclusion of entities with overlapping microscopic features and involved correlation with the clinical, histological, radiographic and IHC profiles. Immunohistochemically, all the cases expressed diffuse positivity for CD68 and were negative for S100.ConclusionXJB is a rare lesion of unknown etiology, which may mimic other benign or reactive jaw lesions. Due to its rarity and the potential diagnostic challenges it presents, clinicians must remain vigilant and consider CXJ in their differential when assessing radiolucent jaw anomalies.

Not Every Anosmia is COVID, a Case of Nasal Mass

Smell and test problems especially anosmia is a frequent symptom for COVID infection. Anosmia was experienced by almost 53% of those affected, in some cases persisting for longer periods after resolution of respiratory symptoms. Nasal blockage is another common symptom for emergency department patients and frequently associated with allergic rhinitis. A 25-year-old male patient presented with persistent bilateral nasal blockage, blood-stained nasal discharge, anosmia, and headache since last 1 year. During the peak of the pandemic, he was diagnosed with COVID. He was complaining of anosmia and nasal blockage and was treated with antihistaminic medicine for allergic rhinitis, but his symptoms persisted. He had breathing, bleeding and smelling problems in the last 2 years and started complaining of left sided proptosis for 3-4 weeks before being admitted to our department and had computerized tomography (CT) imaging at another facility. He was referred by an ophthalmologist to our hospital for advanced imaging with magnetic resonance (MRI) with contrast. He was investigated for exophthalmos in his left eye. He denied any other prior disease or medication. On examination he has nasal voice, left side exophthalmos, no diplopia or vision problem. The right tympanic membrane (TM) was intact, left sided dull TM with effusion. Other system evaluations were unremarkable. The patient was referred to Ear Nose and Throat consultant for further examination. Nasal endoscopy revealed fungating mass with covered blood clots and engorged vessels filling both the nasal cavities. MRI report described soft tissue mass, infiltrating the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and clivus with intracranial extension, to involve the left sub frontal region. Also noted associated destruction of the left lamina papyracea, showing orbital extension, compressing the orbital muscle cone, and compressing the medial rectus, with consequent left sided unilateral proptosis. In addition, there was nasopharyngeal extension. The epicenter of the mass was likely to be the ethmoid sinuses. His MRI revealed complete obstruction of the osteomeatal complexes, complete obliteration of the maxillary, ethmoids and frontal sinuses, due to retention of secretions and mass infiltration. Biopsy was taken and patient was followed up for surgical intervention. The differential diagnosis included vascular tumor, meningothelial tumor, undifferentiated carcinoma, and neuroendocrine carcinoma. Smell and taste disorders emerge during COVID infection, seem to be more common than other upper respiratory tract infections. Allergic rhinitis is also common amongst emergency department patients and frequently associated with nasal blockage. Rhinitis can be differentiated from sinus problems by the increased response of nasal obstruction to treatment, clear nasal discharge, and absence of pain or fever. Rhinitis does not lead to ostial obstruction, and patients do not complain of facial pain or headache. For suspected rhinitis or acute sinusitis, routine radiographic examination is not recommended and should be limited to the diagnosis of chronic or recurrent admissions, cases of questionable diagnoses, patients with unresponsive disease, or investigation of complications. Axial and coronal CT is the imaging modality of choice. In this case the patient was investigated for sinusitis complications and additional further imaging was necessary like MRI with contrast for proper diagnosis and management of the patient. Nasal blockage and upper respiratory system findings may be overseen by the patients or even the healthcare workers. Especially repeated admissions and persistence of these symptoms should be suspicious for the emergency physicians. Additional imaging and thorough examination are crucial for differential diagnosis and proper management of these patients. Emergency physicians should be careful on their diagnoses for common symptoms like nasal blockage especially for the patient

Case report on CBCT guided management of compound odontoma with 2 denticles in a 9-year-old patient

Odontomas are benign developmental tumors formed by the improper growth of completely differentiated epithelial and mesenchymal cells of odontogenic origin. The etiology of odontoma is unknown and it is detected during routine radiographic examination. The ideal management is early detection and surgical enucleation. The commonly associated clinical problems of odontomas are delayed exfoliation of primary teeth, delayed eruption or impaction of permanent teeth, displacement of teeth, root resorption, congenital missing, and widening of follicular space. Here, we describe a unique case of compound odontoma with two denticles managed in the right anterior maxillary region underwent surgical management of a case of compound odontoma in a 9-year-old girl patient who presented with a complaint of swelling in the maxillary right anterior region.

Bridging the Gap: A Case Report On Mandibular Ameloblastic Fibro-Odontoma

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a benign, mixed odontogenic tumor of epithelial and mesenchymal origin. It is predominantly seen in the younger age group, with delayed or altered eruption of teeth. Being clinically asymptomatic, this is identified incidentally during routine radiographic examination. Though considered to be non-aggressive with minimal tendency for recurrence, Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma requires surgical excision with long term follow-up. An 11 year old boy reported to the Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery with complaints of swelling in the left lower border of the mandible measuring 3x3.5 cm, extending 5cm from the corner of the mouth to the ramus posteriorly and superiorly till the imaginary line drawn from tragus to the corner of the mouth and inferiorly involving the lower border of the mandible. This paper presents a case report of an eleven year old, who was diagnosed with Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma and was treated for the same. Key Words - Ameloblastic Fibro – Odontoma, Mixed-odontogenic tumour, Odontogenic tumors

Radiological Findings of the Lumbar Spine in High School and Collegiate Sumo Wrestlers.

Sumo wrestling is a traditional sport in Japan and becoming popular worldwide. Risk factors for lower back injuries in sumo wrestlers are heavier weight and larger body mass index (BMI). The mawashi (loincloth belt) worn by sumo wrestlers has been shown to restrict motion of the lumbar spine. To study the effects of sumo wrestling on the lumbar spine of high school and freshmen collegiate wrestlers, investigating the relationship between radiological findings, wearing of the mawashi during training, and lower back symptoms. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. From 2001 to 2017, a total of 197 members of the Japanese Sumo Federation (55 high school and 142 college freshman students) underwent routine radiographic examination of their lumbar spines and answered a questionnaire regarding lumbar symptoms. Wrestlers were classified as symptomatic and asymptomatic based on responses to a custom questionnaire. We used the unpaired t test to evaluate patient demographics and the chi square test to analyze radiographic lumbar spine abnormalities between symptomatic and asymptomatic wrestlers. The wrestlers' mean height, weight, BMI, and duration in the sport were 174.0 ± 6.7 cm, 107.1 ± 22.4 kg, 35.2 ± 6.4, and 8.0 ± 3.2 years, respectively. There were 91 participants in the symptomatic group (46.2%) and 106 (53.8%) in the asymptomatic group. Ten wrestlers (5.1%) had osteophyte formations in the lumbar body; 8 of the 11 osteophytes (72.7%) appeared in the upper lumbar spine. Of the total, 48 wrestlers (24.4%) had deformities (Schmorl nodules) in the lumbar body, and 23 of 50 (46.0%) and 10 of 16 (62.5%) deformities were found in the upper lumbar spine of collegiate and high school wrestlers, respectively. Five wrestlers of the total 197 athletes (2.5%) had disc space narrowing in the lumbar body, with 3 of the 5 cases of disc space narrowing (60.0%) found in the upper lumbar spine. Spondylolysis in the lumbar body was found in 25 wrestlers (12.7%); 19 of the 91 symptomatic wrestlers (20.9%) had spondylolysis, compared with 6 of the 106 (5.7%) asymptomatic wrestlers (P = .0028). Almost one-third of sumo wrestlers had ≥1 abnormal radiological finding in the lumbar spine. There was a significant relationship between symptomatic wrestlers and spondylolysis.

Foreign body ingestion due to detachment of pill dispenser tips in cats: a retrospective study of 13 cases.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe 13 cases in which a pet piller broke during the administration of medication, and the tip was accidentally ingested by the cat. A total of 15 presentations to the clinic were identified in a private practice database involving 13 cats in which the silicone tip broke. Two of these cats ingested foreign bodies on two separate occasions. Routine radiographic examination enabled the identification of silicone tips in all animals. On 2/15 occasions, the cats did not receive an emetic drug. Intramuscular xylazine (0.2 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (6 μg/kg) were administered to 12/15 and 1/15 cats, respectively. The cats were aged 3-17 years (mean age 11.00 ± 4.35 years). Vomiting occurred in 13 cats that received alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists, although the silicone tip was recovered in only five occurrences. In 9/15 occurrences, endoscopy was performed under general inhalation anesthesia, and the silicone tip was successfully removed. Natural elimination occurred in only one case. The use of pet pillers with detachable silicone tips increases the risk of accidental foreign body ingestion by animals. Therefore, guidelines regarding safety standards for manufacturing would be beneficial. No cat in this series developed clinical signs related to the ingestion of the piller tip, probably because of the quick presentation by the owners and early intervention, including endoscopic retrieval. Surgical intervention was not required in any case, including one in which the foreign body was lodged within the small intestine before being passed naturally by the cat.

Assessment of the Correlation Between Systemic Conditions and Pulp Canal Calcification: A Case-Control Study.

Pulp canal calcification is a dental condition that is characterized by the deposition of mineralized tissue within the dental pulp space. While it is primarily a local phenomenon, recent studies have suggested a potential link between pulp calcification and systemic diseases. This study aimed to determine the correlation between certain systemic diseases, medications, and the presence of pulp canal calcification. Second, it aimed to estimate the prevalence of pulp calcification in the smoker population. A pair-matched case-control observational study was conducted from June 2022 to June 2023 at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University. Digital periapical and bitewing radiographs were used for case-based sampling. Patients were categorized into two study groups: the cases group (n=100), consisting of patients with pulp canal calcification including either pulp stone, pulp canal obliteration, or both. Whereasthe control group (n=100), consisted of patients without pulp canal calcification.Detailed medical histories were obtained to identify the presence of systemic diseases. Additionally, systemic medications and smoking status were documented. The participants were divided into two groups; cases (n=100), diagnosed with teeth calcifications and confirmed by radiographic examination, and controls (n=100), showing no evidence of teeth calcifications. Among the patients in the calcification group, 26% had a history of systemic disease compared to 17% in the control non-calcification group with no significant difference between both groups. No correlation between certain medications and pulp canal calcification. Smoking did not demonstrate a statistically significant association with teeth calcifications (p > 0.05). Pulp calcification on routine radiographic examination could indicate an underlying unnoticed systemic disorderthat demands accurate referral and subsequent therapy.

A giant nasopalatine duct cyst – A case report

The Nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDCs) are the most common developmental, epithelial and non-odontogenic cysts of the maxilla. They are generally asymptomatic and are diagnosed on routine clinical or radiographic examination. They should however be distinguished from large incisive fossae. On attaining a large size, they may cause symptoms like pain and itching, and may cause root resorption, teeth displacement or bone perforation. We report a case of a giant Nasopalatine duct cyst (NPDC) in a 65 year old female patient with surgical management.

Cross-sectional Imaging of Bifid Mandibular Condyle – A Rare Condition

Mandibular condyles constitute a major part of the temporomandibular joint. Bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is a rare morphological variant of the condyle that is asymptomatic in most cases and can be diagnosed incidentally on a orthopantomogram during routine radiographic examination. But orthopantomography is a 2-dimensional imaging modality with various structures superimposed over the temporomandibular region causing practical difficulty in the diagnosis of BMC. The exact morphological architecture of the condyles can be more accurately visualized in advanced imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBMT), helping in the diagnosis of the bifid condyles. The radiological appearance of BMC varies depending on direction and depth of the separating groove. The typical radiographic presentation in most cases is a complete or incomplete split of the condylar heads, separated by a groove. This paper presents a case of a unilateral BMC on the right side which was diagnosed CBMT.

Compound odontome associated with maxillary anterior region

Odontomas are benign tumors of odontogenic origin. They are small in size and mostly seen solitary which can be diagnosed on routine radiographic examination. Morphologically, they are classified into complex and compound type. Early diagnosis and removal of odontomas is necessary to prevent their interference with the eruption of teeth

Bilateral bifid condyle mandibula features in panoramic radiography: a case report

Objectives: The aim of this case report is to describe radiographically the specific features of bifid mandibular condyle that frequently found incidentally on panoramic radiographs.
 Case Report: A 24-year-old man came to the Installation of Dental Radiology RSGM UNPAD brought a referral letter for a panoramic photograph. From anamnesis is known patient have complaints of pain in the jaw joints left and right at the time of open mouth. Panoramic radiographs show mesioangular dental impaction of 48, and edentulous tooth 36 and presence of bifid condyle on the right and left condyle. Bifid condyle usually becomes incidental finding on routine panoramic radiographic examination. Bifid condyle features can be shown by depression or notch on the superior surface of condyle. Bifid condyle can provide a "heart-shaped" from the frontal view. For a definite feature can be seen with other modality such as CBCT. Sometimes there is also a change in the mandibular fossa to compensate the morphological changes of the condyle.
 Conclusion: Bifid condyle mandible is a variation in the shape of the condyle whose cause is not known with certainty. The bifid condyle gives the "heart-like" appearance that is often found on accidental panoramic radiographs. Generally, cases of BMC do not require treatment unless they cause symptoms.

Simultaneous Bilateral Dentigerous Cysts at the Mandibular Notch with Ectopic Third Molars: A Case Report

Dentigerous cysts usually develop in the 2nd to 4th decades of life and contain the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth. It is commonly observed in the mandibular third molar region. Typically, this kind oflesion presents withno symptoms, is often discovered during routine radiographic examination, and presents unilaterally. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with bilateral radiolucent lesions located at the incisula mandibulae, containing the third molars. Histology of the specimens extracted from both sides showed findings of infected dentigerous cysts. It is an unusual case with regard to the site of the cysts as well as their simultaneity and bilaterality.

Asymptomatic ectopic third molar in an elderly patient: Case report and its comprehensive literature review

Ectopic third molar (ETM) in the ramus is an extremely rare entity with diverse clinical features. The true incidence and the exact etiology of this condition are still not clearly understood. Most of these cases are diagnosed after the clinical signs and symptoms arise and few are incidentally detected during routine radiographic examination. A few cases remain asymptomatic throughout life. Panoramic radiographs aid in diagnosis and symptomatic cases require surgical removal while asymptomatic cases must be follow-up with a panoramic radiograph to monitor the migration or occurrence of pathology. On literature search, we found only 14 cases of ETM in the ramus region. Here, we report a case of ETM in ascending ramus in a 63-year-old female patient who has remained asymptomatic for 5 years, from the time it has been diagnosed. In addition, we present a review of its clinical and radiological characteristics from the literature.

Cisto ósseo traumático atípico envolvendo terceiro molar inferior impactado: relato de caso

ABSTRACT The traumatic bone cyst is an uncommon nonneoplastic lesion of the jaws that is considered as a “pseudocyst” because of the lack of an epithelial lining. This lesion is particularly asymptomatic and, therefore, is diagnosed by routine dental radiographic examination as a unilocular radiolucency with scalloped borders, mainly in the posterior mandibular region. The exact etiopathogenesis of the lesion remains uncertain, though it is often associated with trauma. The objective of this paper is to report one case of atypical traumatic bone cyst involving impacted lower third molar, addressing its clinical and radiographic characteristics, differential diagnosis, treatment through surgical exploration and case follow-up.

Ectopic dental inclusion: A literature review

Objective: Analyze the publications on ectopic dental inclusion, as well as its risk factors, prevalence and respective treatments. Materials and methods: A literature review was carried out including articles from the year 2000 to 2021 in the databases: Medline/PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar. Thirty-seven bibliographic references of interest were used for the study, of which 18 case report and case series articles were selected for the analysis of clinical, pathological, and radiographic information, as well as patient demographics, anatomical location of ectopic teeth, clinical symptomatology, and treatment modalities. Results: It was determined that the dental group with the highest incidence is the third molar with 68%, followed by canines with 12%, while the remaining 20% ​​is comprised of: second molar, second premolar, supernumerary and unspecified tooth. The prevalence in relation to gender refers to 68% in women and the most common age range of its diagnosis is the third decade of life in 40%. Regarding associated lesions, 40% correspond to dentigerous cyst, 16% to granuloma, 28% without associated lesion, 4% radicular cyst and the remaining 12% do not mention lesion. The treatment for a patient with ectopic dental inclusion varies depending on its presentation characteristics, but it is usually resolved through a surgical approach and periodic radiographic clinical controls. Conclusion: Ectopic dental inclusion has a prevalence of appearance in the third decade of life, usually when patients present symptoms and before routine radiographic examination, the most satisfactory treatment is the intraoral approach, finally the prognosis in these patients is satisfactory.

Dentigerous cyst: proposal for a therapeutic algorithm and combined treatment plan

Included dental organs are associated with various jaws pathologies, among the most frequent are cysts, which are benign lesions that develop around the crowns from permanent teeth. The aim of this research is to propose a therapeutic algorithm and a treatment plan combined with two known techniques, in addition to describe clinical and radiographic findings and conservative therapeutic management. For this, gender and clinical diagnosis data were obtained from a series of 3 cases of dentigerous cyst, in which clinical, histological, radiographic characteristics and treatments used were described. In each case conservative surgical treatment was given accompanied by gauze soaked in nitrofurantoin. Because dentigerous cysts are the most common pathology associated with included dental organs, which can be detected in routine radiographic examinations, this must be corroborated with the histopathological study, allowing less invasive techniques, this work is based on a therapeutic algorithm and combined treatment plan, not only in children but also in adults, regardless of their size.

Radiological osteoarthritic knee joint changes in high school and collegiate sumo wrestlers: The observational study.

We examined the effects of sumo on their knee joints, and investigated the relationship between radiological changes and knee joints symptoms, and the relationship between knee radiological changes and the physical characteristics of the wrestlers. Fifty-six high-school and 128 college freshman sumo wrestlers who belonged to the Japanese Sumo Federation. To evaluate radiological changes in the knee joints of high-school and college freshmen sumo wrestlers. They underwent routine radiographic examination of their knee joints and were instructed to answer a questionnaire regarding their knee symptoms as a medical check. The mean height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and sumo career/experience of the participants were 174.1 cm, 106.9 kg, 35.1 kg/m2, and 7.9 years, respectively. Twenty-five high-school (44.6%) and 54 collegiate (42.2%) sumo wrestlers had some knee symptoms, which was significantly associated with sumo career as a risk factor. Five high-school (8.9 %) and 18 collegiate (14.1 %) sumo wrestlers had joint space narrowing. Considering the relationship between knee symptoms and radiological changes, significant correlations between osteophyte formation and bony sclerosis and knee symptoms were observed. According to the Kellgren-Laurence (KL) classification, 7 high-school (12.5%) and 26 collegiate (20.3%) sumo wrestlers were grade 2, 3, or 4. The risk factors of degenerative radiographic changes in the knee joints of the participants were heavyweight, large BMI, and older age. The knee osteoarthritic changes had already appeared in 12.5% high-school sumo wrestlers at the admission.