Routing Configuration Research Articles

MiND: Mind Networked Device Architecture for Attention-Gated Ambient Assisted Living Systems

This paper proposes and evaluates an online architecture for network brain–computer interfaced smart home systems for enabling ambient assisted living. This paper uses a number of portable, low-cost, single-channel electroencephalograph systems to achieve Mind Networked Devices (MiND) for home-appliance control, to enable better accessibility for the infirm and people with mobility disability. We tested our approach on real-life hardware toward the control of devices such as lights, fans, and room-temperature conditioning systems, furthermore, we emulated the behavior of the networked hardware for a more substantial number of users on conceptualized scenarios, which will be encountered in implementing this architecture. The Network Simulator 2 simulation results of the large-scale implementation show promising results and give a precise idea about various essential features such as routing protocols, routing configuration, mode of transmission, attenuation losses, and delays incurred during the in-house operation of this architecture. The real-life evaluation of the system also supports the proposed MiND architecture.

Modeling, online identification, and compensation control of single tendon sheath system with time-varying configuration

• The transmission models of single TSS with arbitrary route configurations are developed. • A tendon-sheath-based bending sensor is proposed for online parameter identification. • Two compensation strategies are developed to enhance the control accuracy of TSS without distal feedback. • The effectiveness is validated by trajectory tracking and frequency response experiments. Tendon sheath system (TSS) has been widely used in many applications with strict spatial limitations due to its flexibility, dexterity, and remote transmission ability. However, the inherent configuration-dependent nonlinearities between tendon and sheath seriously degrade the transmission performance and result in inaccurate force and position control. In this paper, the force and position transmission models of single TSS with arbitrary route configurations and terminal loads are developed based on the analysis of system friction and deformation. A tendon-sheath-based bending sensor is proposed for the online identification of accumulated bending angle. To enhance the accuracies of force control and position control with time-varying configuration, two control strategies are developed for the friction and deformation compensation without sensory feedback from distal end. An experimental setup of tendon sheath actuation is established to gain insights into the force and position transmission processes and evaluate the effectiveness of the developed transmission models and compensation controllers. The results of model validation experiments with sinusoidal force input show that the modeling errors of force and position transmission are less than 5% and 2.5%, respectively. Moreover, the trajectory tracking experiments and frequency response experiments are carried out, and the results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed identification strategy and compensation controllers in improving control accuracy and ensuring control bandwidth of single TSS with time-varying bending angle.

The research into compensatory possibilities of straight pipes in pipeline routes with cambers

In this paper, we studied the current state of the design, manufacture and installation of marine pipelines, and considered the problem of manufacturability improvement marine systems pipelines at the stage of designing, providing the possibility of manufacturing the pipes without taking actual sizes and its solution within the framework of the research of the interrelation of configuration and compensation possibilities of the pipeline routes. The problem of compensatory possibilities of straight pipes on pipeline routes with a camber or with two and more cambers was examined. It was established that at simultaneous rotation of two different pipes with parallel ends, the end point moves along the surface (if the axes of these pipes are not parallel); at rotation of three or more pipes with three non-coplanar axes (i.e. not lying in the same plane) the compensation range is a three-dimensional body. The method of calculating the possible compensation area was improved in order to reduce the amount of computation. As part of the hypothesis about the relationship of the configuration and compensatory capabilities of the design pipeline routing, the idea of using straight pipes to move the pipeline route in order to compensate for errors in the manufacture of pipes and the installation of rigidly fixed connections of equipment, saturation products, etc., was presented, which ensured the collection of the route pipes.

NUMBER OF CONFLICTS AT THE ROUTE INTERSECTION – MINIMUM DISTANCE MODEL

A conflict is an infringement of minimum separation between at least two aircraft. The model is based on these assumptions: aircraft fly on level straight line routes, only an infringement of the lateral separation is considered, deviations are excluded, aircraft at the same flight level fly the same average speed, and aircraft fly towards an intersection and may change direction after intersection. Hence, conflicts mainly occur owing to a loss of minimum separation between aircraft flying at the same flight level. Calculation of average number of potential conflicts is designated for long time interval; hence, aircraft velocity deviations are negligible. The mathematical model in this paper is intended to compare different alternatives of intersection configuration of air traffic services routes. The comparison is based on the results: an average number of potential conflicts per hour on intersection of routes, index of conflicts intensity, and intersection capacity.

Analisa dan Perbandingan Kinerja Routing Protocol OSPF dan EIGRP dalam Simulasi GNS3

Router is the network equipment for route the packet from one network segment to another in a bigscale network. Router can route packet because there is a routing table in router configuration. Routing table is anaddress list of source and destination address where the packet will be routed. There are two methods of routing tableconfiguration, static routing and dynamic routing. Static routing is a routing table configuration method where all ofrouting table content is configured manually, usually for a small scale of network. Dynamic network is a routing tableconfiguration method by the router automatically, usually for a big scale of network. A dynamic routing is built fromthe routing information collected by the routing algorithm. There are two routing algorithm, link-state and distancevector algorithm. This simulation will be built in GNS3 simulation software. Goal of this research is to compare theperformance between that two algorithm from two routing protocol that using each of those two algorithm. Thecomparison will be running between OSPF routing protocol on the link state routing protocol and EIGRP on thedistance vector routing protocol side. The result of this analysis and comparison of those two routing protocol isexpected to be a reference of choosing better routing protocol in building a network

Development of a theoretical framework for investigation of compensation possibilities of deviations in the ship’s piping system

The improving technology of ship piping systems at the design stage is an actual problem. The authors have analyzed technological features of manufacturing ship piping systems and have also considered the current state of design, manufacture and installation of ship pipeline issues. The review of research in the field of compensation of deviations of pipeline routes is presented. The problem of improving technology of ship piping systems at the design stage is considered providing the possibility of manufacturing pipes without measuring at the site. The authors have proposed the solution for the issue within studies of relationship of configuration and compensatory possibilities of pipeline routes. The authors are suggesting the idea of using straight pipes for moving the pipeline route to compensate for errors in the manufacture of pipes and the installation of tightly fixed connections of equipment, saturation products, etc., which ensures collecting the route without changing configuration of ready-made pipes. The proposed development allows to control and reduce at the design stage possible deviations that occur in the manufacture of pipes, to minimize the gaps assigned to the tracing of pipelines.

Robustness based low-energy multiple routing configurations for fast failure recovery

Fast failure recovery and the energy consumption are important issues in communication networks. A low-energy based multiple routing configurations is proposed for realizing both the fast failure recovery and the low energy consumption. However, in this method, the network robustness and the performance of data transmission are degraded regardless of the low energy consumption. In this paper, for turning some link ports off while maintaining network robustness, we propose a robustness and low-energy based MRC by extending low-energy based MRC. Our proposed method utilizes an algorithm that determines some excluded links based on the network robustness. With the proposed method, the energy consumption can be reduced so as not to degrade the network robustness significantly. We evaluate the performance of our proposed method in some network topologies with simulation.

Research on IP Address Allocation of Tactical Communication Network

According to the IP address allocation problem of tactical communication network, the structure and IP address requirements of tactical communication network are analyzed in paper. A tactical communication network IP allocation method based on Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) addressing technology and without network-wide routing configuration is proposed. The allocation principle, addressing method and allocation process of the method are analyzed in detail. Based on this, the algorithm and model of IP address allocation in tactical communication network are given. Finally, the model and algorithm are analyzed and verified with examples. .

Study and Optimized Simulation of OSPFv3 Routing Protocol in IPv6 Network

Routing is a design way to pass the data packet. User is assigns the path in a routing configuration. A significant role played by the router for providing the dynamic routing in the network. Structure and Configuration are different for each routing protocols. Next generation internet protocol IPv6 which provides large address space, simple header format. It is mainly effective and efficient routing. It is also ensure good quality of service and also provide security. Routing protocol (OSPFv3) in IPv6 network has been studied and implemented using ‘cisco packet tracer’. ‘Ping’ the ping command is used to check the results. The small virtual network created in Cisco platform .It is also used to test the OSPFv3 protocol in the IPv6 network. This paper also contains step by step configuration and explanation in assigning of IPv6 address in routers and end devices. The receiving and sending the packet of data in a network is the responsibility of the internet protocol layer. It also contains the data analysis of packet forwarding through IPv6 on OSPFv3 in simulation mode of cisco packet virtual environment to make the decision eventually secure and faster protocol in IPv6 environment.

Cost effectiveness of crack treatment methods: A field study

Abstract In the United States, more than 94% highways are paved with asphalt materials and placing crack sealant materials has been a common pavement maintenance for decades. Crack sealing treatment includes the use of a router to create a reservoir on the intended cracks whereas crack filling is given without doing any modification to the crack wall. Although the initial cost of crack sealing is higher, it is expected to have a longer service period compared to crack filling. There is little research on comparison of short and long term cost effectiveness between these two treatments using the real field cost data analysis. In this study four test sites in Texas were treated with crack filling and sealing using the same sealant material and finishing technique. Cost effectiveness of both treatments was measured in terms of initial, annual average and life cycle cost based on the cost inputs during construction. In general, the results of this study indicated that (1) on an average approximately 45% initial cost increase was estimated with the two routing configurations of crack sealing; (2) material and labor cost is found to have the most significant effect on the higher initial cost of crack sealing compared to other associated costs; (3) annual average and life cycle costs have shown that crack sealing is more cost effective pavement maintenance compared to crack filling over a long period of time; (4) agency cost is observed to be reduced by approximately 24% with crack sealing treatment based on the 35 year analysis period.

Implementasi Atribut Local Preference di Protokol BGP Untuk Optimalisasi Jaringan Backbone

In terms of Nework, Network Quality determine by some factor and one of the factor is come from a Backbone Network, when traffic data exchange is occuring there are two type of path that pass by data package which we call as Downstream and Upstream Path. Every interface that build in network computer hardware usually are supported by full duplex sistem therefore in one interface it could be pass by Upstream and Downstream Data Package at the same time. When configuring both of the path, the parameter should be adjusted or else there would be an invalid routing configuration, this state would impact in network quality. iBGP Routing would help Network Administrator to set the path based on parameter adjustment in iBGP routing protocol. There are some parameter that can be use to set the network path and one of them is call local preferences, with adjust the value on the atribute of local preference the downstream and upstream path could be manage to fit the network utilities.Keywords: routing, iBGP, local preference, backbone

Selection of Optimal Deployment and Routing Configurations in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks for Avoiding Energy Holes

Improving the energy efficiency of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UW-ASNs) is a crucial issue due to the reduced and nonrechargeable energy resource of the underwater sensor nodes. In this work, we address the energy sink hole problem in UW-ASNs while considering the unique and harsh characteristics of the underwater channel. Our goal is to determine the optimal deployment and routing settings that surmount the energy sink hole problem and hence maximize the network lifetime. We prove that sensors can evenly consume their initial battery power provided that first they adjust their transmission power when they transmit the route through traffic and second they are appropriately placed while deployed. Mainly, we propose a deployment scheme and the corresponding balanced routing strategy that lead to uniform energy consumption among all underwater sensors subject to a predefined reliability level at the sink. Specifically, we look for the optimal deployment settings especially in terms of nodes’ separation distances that help achieving uniform energy consumption in the network while satisfying the application requirement especially in terms of desired information reliability. Jointly, at the routing layer, we assume that each sensor is provided with the possibility of dynamically adjusting its transmission power up to a given number of levels N. To this goal, we mainly deal with two main cases: fixed and variable nodes separation distance. For the fixed case, we suppose that any two successive nodes in the network are equally spaced, and we strive for deriving the optimal distance as well as the optimal number of transmission power levels along with optimal load weight corresponding to every possible transmission power level for every sensor node. For the variable case, we deal with two subcases: first, we suppose that the distance separating successive nodes follows an arithmetic progression, and second, we assume that the distance separating successive nodes is following a geometric sequence. Note that for both cases, namely, fixed and variable, we succeed to determine the optimal distances separating successive nodes and the optimal number N of transmission power levels along with the corresponding optimal load weight that overcome the energy holes problem, and hence the network lifespan is maximized while respecting the desired reliability level.

Cost effective OLT arrangements in 40 Gbps WDM-PON using AWG with a single laser

In this paper, we upgraded the optical line terminal (OLT) of the optical access network for 40 Gbps by proposing a cost effective OLT based on cascaded model of phase modulator and arrayed waveguide grating for wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON). The conventional setup at OLT side of WDM-PON system is replaced with a new arrangement containing single laser source in cascade with phase modulator and AWG, whereas the phase modulator is tailored with RF source. The phase modulator generates multicarrier signal and AWG splits the signal into multiple single wavelengths based on its routing configurations. AWG is actually used as a passing band periodical filter that routs the input wavelengths to four outputs depending on its free spectral range. Across each routed wavelength, differential phase shift keying is used in downlink transmission for 10 Gbps, while intensity modulation is employed in the uplink transmission based on off-keying. 40 Gbps full duplex transmission via 20 km fibre span is successfully achieved with minimum power loss and effective results. Transmission performances are examined with negligible power penalties, better Q-factors, handsome eye openings and good eye heights, which confirm the deployment of proposed arrangement in the next generation access network.

Modular FBG Bending Sensor for Continuum Neurosurgical Robot.

We present a modular sensing system to measure the deflection of a minimally invasive neurosurgical intracranial robot: MINIR-II. The MINIR-II robot is a tendon-driven continuum robot comprised of multiple spring backbone segments, which has been developed in our prior work. Due to the flexibility of the spring backbone and unique tendon routing configuration, each segment of MINIR-II can bend up to a large curvature (≥100 m-1) in multiple directions. However, the shape measurement of the robot based on tendon displacement is not precise due to friction and unknown external load/disturbance. In this regard, we propose a bending sensor module comprised of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) fiber, a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cylinder, and a superelastic spring. The grating segment of the FBG fiber is enclosed inside a PDMS cylinder (1 mm in diameter), and the PDMS cylinder is bonded with the superelastic spring in series. The deflection or bending of the robot backbone segment is translated into an axial loading in the superelastic spring, which applies tension to the FBG; therefore, by measuring the peak wavelength shift of the FBG, the bending angle can be estimated. This paper describes the design, fabrication, and kinematic aspects of the sensor module in detail. To evaluate the proposed concept, one such sensor module has been tested and evaluated on the MINIR-II robot.

Synthesis of Fault-Tolerant Distributed Router Configurations

Synthesis of Fault-Tolerant Distributed Router Configurations

LE-MRC: Low-energy based multiple routing configurations for fast failure recovery

Fast failure recovery is an important issue in large-scale communication networks because the performance of data transmission is degraded for a long time when the failure occurs. Moreover, the energy consumption has increased recently as the amount of traffic becomes large. In this paper, for realizing both the fast failure recovery and the low energy consumption, we propose a low-energy based multiple routing configurations (LE-MRC). LE-MRC can be utilized in several types of networks such as MPLS networks and SDN based networks. In LE-MRC, three new link sets are derived for the fast failure recovery and the low energy consumption. Then, link ports that are not needed for the fast failure recovery are turned off for the low energy consumption. We evaluate the performance of LE-MRC in some network topologies with simulation. We also evaluate with ns-3 how the performance of data transmission are changed by using LE-MRC. In numerical examples, we show that the fast failure recovery and low energy consumption can be realized by using LE-MRC.

An Overview on Application of Machine Learning Techniques in Optical Networks

Today's telecommunication networks have become sources of enormous amounts of widely heterogeneous data. This information can be retrieved from network traffic traces, network alarms, signal quality indicators, users' behavioral data, etc. Advanced mathematical tools are required to extract meaningful information from these data and take decisions pertaining to the proper functioning of the networks from the network-generated data. Among these mathematical tools, machine learning (ML) is regarded as one of the most promising methodological approaches to perform network-data analysis and enable automated network self-configuration and fault management. The adoption of ML techniques in the field of optical communication networks is motivated by the unprecedented growth of network complexity faced by optical networks in the last few years. Such complexity increase is due to the introduction of a huge number of adjustable and interdependent system parameters (e.g., routing configurations, modulation format, symbol rate, coding schemes, etc.) that are enabled by the usage of coherent transmission/reception technologies, advanced digital signal processing, and compensation of nonlinear effects in optical fiber propagation. In this paper we provide an overview of the application of ML to optical communications and networking. We classify and survey relevant literature dealing with the topic, and we also provide an introductory tutorial on ML for researchers and practitioners interested in this field. Although a good number of research papers have recently appeared, the application of ML to optical networks is still in its infancy: to stimulate further work in this area, we conclude this paper proposing new possible research directions.

Priority-based bandwidth allocation and load balancing for multipath IP networks

Frequent route failures are common in a multipath internet protocol (IP) network. Backup configuration is one of the techniques used to re-establish alternate path in case of route failure. The existing multi route configurations (MRC) for fast IP network does not address quality of service (QoS) issues such as bandwidth optimisation and load balancing with traffic shaping. There is a need to focus on priority-based routing and load balancing during congestion in multipath networks. In this paper, we are proposing a priority-based bandwidth allocation and load balancing (PBALB) approach for multipath routing. In order to reduce packet drop and to enhance fairness, throughput and lower delay transmissions, traffic shaping based on different type of traffic flows in differential service domain is proposed. Experimental result shows that the proposed PBALB technique improves the throughput compared to MRC.

Priority-based bandwidth allocation and load balancing for multipath IP networks

Frequent route failures are common in a multipath internet protocol (IP) network. Backup configuration is one of the techniques used to re-establish alternate path in case of route failure. The existing multi route configurations (MRC) for fast IP network does not address quality of service (QoS) issues such as bandwidth optimisation and load balancing with traffic shaping. There is a need to focus on priority-based routing and load balancing during congestion in multipath networks. In this paper, we are proposing a priority-based bandwidth allocation and load balancing (PBALB) approach for multipath routing. In order to reduce packet drop and to enhance fairness, throughput and lower delay transmissions, traffic shaping based on different type of traffic flows in differential service domain is proposed. Experimental result shows that the proposed PBALB technique improves the throughput compared to MRC.

Hybrid Differential Evolution‐Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Multiobjective Urban Transit Network Design Problem with Homogeneous Buses

This paper considers an urban transit network design problem (UTNDP) that deals with construction of an efficient set of transit routes and associated service frequencies on an existing road network. The UTNDP is an NP‐hard problem, characterized by a huge search space, multiobjective nature, and multiple constraints in which the evaluation of candidate route sets can be both time consuming and challenging. This paper proposes a hybrid differential evolution with particle swarm optimization (DE‐PSO) algorithm to solve the UTNDP, aiming to simultaneously optimize route configuration and service frequency with specific objectives in minimizing both the passengers’ and operators’ costs. Computational experiments are conducted based on the well‐known benchmark data of Mandl’s Swiss network and a large dataset of the public transport system of Rivera City, Northern Uruguay. The computational results of the proposed hybrid algorithm improve over the benchmark obtained in most of the previous studies. From the perspective of multiobjective optimization, the proposed hybrid algorithm is able to produce a diverse set of nondominated solutions, given the passengers’ and operators’ costs are conflicting objectives.