Rounds Of Questionnaires Research Articles

Selection of primary health care quality indicators in Europe: A Delphi study protocol.

To describe a protocol to achieve consensus on valid and important indicators to assess primary health care (PHC) quality regarding all clinical contexts of PHC in European health systems. Qualitative study using the Delphi technique to gain consensus among European panels of experts comprising a heterogeneous professional background. Potential candidate indicators were extracted and translated according to a set of informative elements (i.e., name, description, formula, unit of analysis, and sources). This list was then independently reviewed, and duplicates were removed totaling 1726 indicators. To guarantee a good response rate, indicators were distributed across 57 Delphi panels organized by clinical context. Each panel is a Delphi process, assessing between 23 to 33 indicators. Experts' opinions on the validity and importance of the extracted indicators will be obtained through two rounds of online questionnaires, using a 9-point Likert scale and free-text boxes. To prevent biased responses, participation will be anonymous to other participants and to the team administrating panels. Consensus will be considered if at least 70% of ratings (≥7 assuming 10 participants) lie within the 7-9 range and less than 15% of ratings (<2 assuming 10 participants) are in the 1-3 range. Analysis of results will be streamlined and generalizable across panels using scripts. This protocol will contribute to improve the quality of PHC in Europe by achieving a consensual and concise list of PHC quality indicators retrieved from the scientific literature that fit current clinical guidelines and populations' needs in countries from the European region according to the World Health Organization.

Consensus on the preoperative management of patients with chronic moderate to severe shoulder pain to improve postoperative outcomes: Delphi results

BackgroundAn appropriate preoperative management of patients with chronic moderate to severe shoulder pain who are candidates for surgery due to rotator cuff disease or glenohumeral osteoarthritis may improve surgery and patient outcomes, but published evidence in this regard is scarce. Therefore, the availability of recommendations on preoperative interventions based on expert consensus may serve as guidance. MethodsA Delphi study was conducted to develop a preoperative management algorithm based on a national expert consensus. A Delphi questionnaire was developed by a Scientific Committee following a systematic review using PRISMA criteria of the relevant literature published during the last 10 years. It consisted of 48 statements divided into five blocks (I. Assessment/diagnosis of preoperative pain; II. Preoperative function/psychosocial aspects; III. Therapeutic objectives; IV. Treatment; V. Follow-up/referral), and 28 experienced shoulder surgeons from across the country were invited to answer. ResultsAll participants responded to the Delphi questionnaire in the first round and 25 in the second round (89.3% of those invited). Overall, 46/49 final statements reached a consensus, based on which a final preoperative management algorithm was defined by the Scientific Committee. First, surgeons should assess shoulder pain intensity and characteristics, shoulder functionality and psychosocial aspects using specific validated questionnaires. Preoperative therapeutic objectives should include shoulder pain control, depression/nocturnal sleep improvement, opioid consumption adjustment and substance abuse cessation. Postoperative objectives regarding the degree of shoulder pain reduction or improvement in functionality/quality of life should be established in agreement with the patient. Treatment of preoperative chronic moderate to severe shoulder pain should comprise non-pharmacological as well as pharmacological interventions. Follow-up of shoulder pain levels, treatment adherence and mental health status of these patients may be carried out by the surgical team (surgeon and anesthesiologist) together with the Primary Care team. Patients with very intense shoulder pain levels may be referred to the Pain Unit, following specific protocols. ConclusionA preoperative management algorithm for patients with chronic moderate to severe shoulder pain who are candidates for surgery due to rotator cuff disease or glenohumeral osteoarthritis was defined based on a national expert consensus. Main points include a comprehensive patient management starting with an objective assessment of shoulder pain and function, quality of life, establishment of preoperative and postoperative therapeutic targets, prescription of individualized therapeutic interventions and multidisciplinary patient follow-up. Implementation of these recommendations to clinical practice may result in better preoperative shoulder pain management and more successful surgery outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Core data set for real world data in multiple sclerosis: customization for latin america from a global task force recommendation

The primary objective of the core data set is to reduce heterogeneity and promote harmonization among data sources in EM, thereby reducing the time needed to execute real life data collection efforts. Recently, a group led by the Multiple Sclerosis Data Alliance has developed a core data set for collecting real-world data on multiple sclerosis (MS) globally. Our objective was to adapt this global data set to the needs of Latin America, so that it can be implemented by the registries already developed and in the process of development in the region. A working group was formed regionally, the core data set created globally was adapted (translation process into Spanish, incorporation of regional variables and consensus on variables to be used). Consensus was obtained through the remote Delphi methodology of a round of questionnaires and remote discussion of the core data set variables. A total of 25 professionals from Latin America carried out the adaptation process between November 2022 and July 2023. Agreement was established on a core data set of nine categories and 45 variables, version 2023 to suggest its implementation in developed or developing registries, and MS cohorts in the region. The core data set seeks to harmonize the variables collected by registries and cohorts in MS in Latin America in order to facilitate said collection and allow collaboration between sources. Its implementation will facilitate real life data collection and collaboration in the region.

Developing an instructional module of ‘digital dentistry’ for undergraduate prosthodontics curriculum

PurposeTo prepare a module on ‘Digital Dentistry”, which can be used to sensitize dental undergraduate students during their final year Prosthodontics curriculum. MethodsEthical approval (167/Ethics/2022) was taken from the Institution before starting the study. Need assessment was achieved using focused group discussion (Online Zoom meeting) of various stakeholders of the Department of Prosthodontics of the institution. A preliminary module content was prepared in google questionnaire form after thorough literature review by the research team and final content was developed using modified Delphi technique in 3 questionnaire rounds with the help of 27 experts. ResultThematic analysis of Need Assessment focussed group discussion led to the emergence of both theoretical and practical aspect of learning in digital dentistry. The final module was developed with the process followed in modified Delphi technique. ConclusionWithin the limitations of the study the module of Digital dentistry was developed which can be implemented in most of the dental institutes depending on the resources and available infrastructure.

Formation of ties through action learning: A case from a multicultural entrepreneurship camp

Background: Entrepreneurship camps are an important platform for students to learn through action-based learning, problem-solving, knowledge and information sharing, which is enhanced through the development of social networks and their dynamics within the networks.Aim: The research aims to: (1) explore the formation and development of networks and structure in the network over time and (2) explore the association between predominant personality traits and network position measures and network locations in the networks.Setting: This study is conducted on a multicultural entrepreneurship camp involving 35 master’s students from three Norwegian and two South African universities, which took place for two weeks in South Africa. The objective of the entrepreneurship camp is to empower students through entrepreneurship by knowledge and action-based learning.Methods: This is a quantitative study using social network analysis (SNA) in a case study. Three rounds of questionnaires were distributed to capture the network data, individual learning and personality traits.Results: There is an increase in network density over time, and the students’ network positions have improved during the camp. The two predominant personality traits that positively relate to network position and cliques are extraversion and openness to experience.Conclusion: The case provides evidence of a favorable climate for learning by improved network position and overall network density. The predominant of personality traits in relation to a specific network measure were also identified.Contribution: This study contributes to theory by offering one of the first empirical investigations of entrepreneurship camps using social network analysis and also exploring the personality traits (Big Five).

Construction of a standardized training system for hospital infection prevention and control for new medical staff in internal medicine ICUs based on the Delphi method

In China, studies have shown nosocomial infections contribute to increased mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, and added financial burdens for patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that effective infection control training can enhance the quality of infection control practices, particularly in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. However, there is currently no universally accepted training mode or program that adequately addresses the specific needs of ICU medical staff regarding nosocomial infection control. The objective of this study was to develop a standardized training system for preventing and controlling hospital-acquired infections among new medical staff in the internal medicine ICU. Our methodology encompassed an extensive literature review, technical interviews focusing on key events, semi-structured in-depth interviews, and two rounds of Delphi expert correspondence. We employed intentional sampling to select 16 experts for the Delphi expert consultation. Indicators were chosen based on an average importance score of &gt;3.5 and a coefficient of variation of &lt;0.25. The weight of each indicator was determined using the analytic hierarchy process. The efficacy of the two rounds of questionnaires was also evaluated. Our findings revealed that the questionnaires achieved a 100% effective recovery rate, with expert authority coefficients of 0.96 and 0.90. The Kendall coordination coefficients for the first-, second-, and third-level indicators in the initial round of expert consultation questionnaires were 0.440, 0.204, and 0.386 (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. In the second round of expert consultation questionnaires, the Kendall coordination coefficients for the first, second, and third-level indicators were 0.562, 0.467, and 0.556 (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. The final training model consisted of four first-level indicators (hospital infection prevention and control training content, training methods/forms, assessment content, and evaluation indicators), 26 second-level indicators, and 44 third-level indicators. In conclusion, the proposed standardized training system for infection prevention and control among new medical staff in the internal medicine ICU is both scientifically sound and practical, which can contribute to improved patient safety, reduced healthcare costs, and enhanced overall quality of care in internal medicine ICUs. Moreover, it can serve as a framework for future training projects.

Identifying Research Priorities to Promote the Well-Being of Family Caregivers of Canadians with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities: A Pilot Delphi Study.

Current programming and resources aimed at supporting the well-being of family caregivers often fail to address considerations unique to those caring for people with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDDs). As a result, many caregivers of people with IDD feel isolated, stressed, and burnt out. A targeted research agenda informed by key stakeholders is needed and would allow research teams to coordinate resources, talents, and efforts to progress family caregiver well-being research in this area quickly and effectively. To address this aim, this pilot study used a Delphi design based on 2 rounds of questionnaires. In round 1, 19 stakeholders (18 females, 1 male), including 12 family caregivers, 3 rehabilitation providers, 2 researchers, and 2 organizational representatives, identified broad areas for caregiver well-being research. After collating the responses from round 1, stakeholders were asked to rank whether each area was considered a research priority in round 2. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis. Eighteen stakeholders completed the round 2 survey (1 caregiver did not complete the round 2 survey), after which a consensus was reached. Stakeholders identified nine broad priorities, including system-level programs and services, models of care, health promotion, social inclusion, equity and diversity, capacity building, care planning along the lifespan, and balancing formal and natural community-based supports. Although preliminary in nature, the research priorities generated using an inclusive and systematic process may inform future efforts to promote the well-being of caregivers of Canadians with IDD.

A Delphi Study Using Expert Consensus to Develop a Well-Defined Vision for a Centre of Excellence for Therapeutic Recreation in Continuing Care Settings

There is an increasing demand for evidence-based practice and the demonstration of client outcome achievement in therapeutic recreation (TR). There is also an ongoing need to research TR service provision in continuing care settings. The TR profession is well-suited to improving the well-being and quality of life of individuals living in continuing care homes, however, current TR services are not standardized and vary greatly between settings and practitioners. Centres of Excellence (CoE) are organizations that endeavour to establish high standards of practice in a specific profession or area of research. A CoE could be instrumental in improving the delivery of quality TR services in continuing care settings. A Delphi expert consensus method was used to obtain a well-defined vision for a CoE for TR in continuing care settings. Three rounds of online questionnaires were completed over a period of nine weeks by an expert panel of 11 TR professionals working in continuing care settings. The participants reached the consensus that the vision of the CoE should be, “To inspire and advocate for quality TR services in continuing care settings through increased research and evidence-based practice.” The findings from this study contribute to the development of a CoE for TR in continuing care settings. They could also contribute to the development of additional CoEs for TR with other client populations—a topic that has been largely unexplored in the research literature.

Infectious Disease Screening prior to Systemic Immunomodulatory Therapy in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Consensus Guidelines from the Asia-Pacific Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation

Background: Current infectious disease screening recommendations for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are adopted from recommendations in chronic plaque psoriasis. No HS-specific guidelines for infectious disease screening prior to immunomodulatory therapy have been developed. Objectives: The aim of the study was to establish an expert Delphi consensus of recommendations regarding infectious disease screening prior to systemic immunomodulatory therapy in HS. Methods: Participants were identified via recent publications in the field and were sent a questionnaire regarding infectious diseases encountered in the setting of HS, and opinions regarding infectious disease screening prior to various systemic immunomodulatory therapies. All questions were informed by a systematic literature review regarding infections exacerbated or precipitated by immunomodulatory therapy. Questionnaire responses were followed by round-table discussion with a core group of 8 experts followed by a final round of questionnaires resulting in achievement of consensus. Results: 44 expert HS physicians from 12 countries on 5 continents participated in the development of the expert consensus recommendations. Consensus recommendations include screening for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and tuberculosis in all individuals with HS prior to therapy. All immunomodulatory therapies (biologic and systemic immunosuppressant therapy) should be preceded by infectious disease screening including patient and location-specific considerations for endemic local diseases and high-risk activities and occupations. Clinical assessment has a significant role in determining the need for laboratory screening in the setting of many uncommon or tropical diseases such as leprosy, leishmaniasis and strongyloidiasis. Conclusions: The presented consensus recommendations are the first specifically developed for pre-treatment infectious disease screening in HS.

Mapping Knowledge Needs of Hospital Estates and Facilities Management Teams: Insights from a Delphi Study

The role of Estates and Facilities Management (EFM) in the healthcare sector is often overlooked despite its crucial contribution to the efficient delivery of clinical services. This paper explores the knowledge needs of EFM professionals at different job levels within the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. Using a modified Delphi-technique approach, we collected data from three rounds of online questionnaires with a total of 152 EFM professionals. With the use of content analysis and descriptive statistics, we identify the most commonly reported knowledge needs across different organisational levels. Hierarchical clustering heatmaps visualise these varying knowledge needs of different job roles and their priority levels, allowing for easy identification of target areas for professional development. We identify four key categories of knowledge areas, illustrating evolving needs as professionals progress in their careers. Within these areas, four trends emerged across various hierarchical levels. Firstly, a reliance on external Authorising Engineers (AEs) for Technical Expertise &amp; Experience, Benchmarking &amp; New Technologies, and Professional Development was evident, raising concerns about aligning organisational expectations with top management expertise. Secondly, the skills required for the sustainability and digitalisation agenda lack emphasis, highlighting a crucial gap between organisational strategy and practical focus. Collaborative Proficiency surfaced as important for Managers and Heads of EFM, underscoring the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. However, at the Director of EFM level, there is a lower emphasis on networking and collaboration, which is in contrast to the current restructuring of the NHS towards Integrated Care Systems. Furthermore, the Directors of EFM have a strong focus on Financial Management skills, possibly influenced by the prevalent Board reporting structures. This focus, paired with the lack of focus on Technical Expertise &amp; Experience and Benchmarking &amp; New Technologies could influence the ability to secure funding for cutting-edge technologies while posing a large financial risk of relying on legacy systems. These findings underscore the need for targeted training programmes addressing these disparities and emphasise the importance of aligning organisational structures with evolving knowledge needs for effective healthcare EFM management. The research contributes to the understanding of knowledge management in organisational hierarchies and offers a framework applicable to other sectors and organisations. To enhance understanding, future studies could delve deeper into the identified trends, aiming to uncover the underlying causes and intricacies shaping the identified patterns.

A Delphi approach to establishing consensus on best practice for the diagnosis and treatment of Demodex blepharitis

Demodex blepharitis does not have agreed standardized guidelines. The aim of this study was to classify signs and symptoms and to develop appropriate management strategies for Demodex blepharitis from a consensus of expert advice. MethodsA total of 11 anterior segment experts (ophthalmologists, optometrists and a contact lens optician) working in the United Kingdom participated in a modified 2-round Delphi panel. A mixed-methods approach was adopted and a survey questionnaire for round 1 was formulated, constructed from information in the available literature. Based on panel responses from round 1, feedback was provided and a round 2 questionnaire was formulated. More than two-thirds majority (72%) was used for consensus building. ResultsBased on the clinical presentation of signs and symptoms along with associated conditions and risk factors, a diagnostic algorithm was proposed for the clinical investigation of Demodex blepharitis. A treatment algorithm was also proposed with first-line and second-line treatment recommendations for Demodex blepharitis. ConclusionThe recommendation from this study provides the first effort in formulating clinical diagnostic algorithm and management guidelines for Demodex blepharitis. The guidelines include appropriate magnification on the slit lamp, associated signs, symptoms, risk factors and suggested management options. These guidelines can be used in a routine eyecare setting to encourage eyecare practitioners in tailoring the investigation and management of Demodex blepharitis.

Nurses' perceived barriers and facilitators to the implementation of nurse prescribing: Delphi study and focus group.

To obtain consensus on barriers and facilitators to nurse prescribing following its recent introduction in Spain. A three round online Delphi survey and focus group. An exploratory method was used with three consecutive rounds of questionnaires based on anonymity and feedback, and a focus group. The study was carried out with primary care, specialized care, socio-health care and manager nurses. On the basis of the Delphi study that was conducted, a list of 15 barriers and 18 facilitators of nurse prescribing was obtained. However, no general consensus was found with respect to the prioritization of these barriers/facilitators. The analysis of the results of the focus group confirmed the information obtained from the Delphi study. The main barriers highlighted were dependence on the figure of the physician, insufficient training in pharmacology, a lack of institutional support and the limited list of products that could be prescribed. The key facilitators were academic knowledge and ongoing training and education, independence in the functions and responsibilities of the nursing profession, adaptation to new roles and autonomy in the case of chronic care processes. Nurses were generally positive about the introduction of nurse prescribing. The commitment of nurses to training and their accreditation as prescribers (internal forces) and health policy and nursing management (external forces) play a fundamental role in supporting the basis of nurse prescribing and ensuring that it is developed with the identified support resources, such as staff training and the provision of the materials necessary for its proper implementation, all with the aim of guaranteeing quality healthcare. Strong models of nurse prescribing are being considered globally to address population needs. The results can help the future implementation of non-medical independent prescribing and provide guidance to the government and society on the interventions that can be used to consolidate it. What problem did the study address? By 2027, the world's population will receive more than 4.5 trillion doses of medicine each year. However, the WHO estimates a projected shortfall of 10 million health workers by 2030. Inadequacies with traditional physician-led care systems mean that new approaches are imperative to maintain patient access to prescription medicines, with NP being a key element in this regard. In Catalonia (Spain), the accreditation process for nurses as prescribers was implemented in 2021. It is therefore of vital importance to question and consult the nurses themselves, the main promoters of the process, to find out their perceptions and thus be able to take them into consideration in the implementation process. What were the main findings? A total of 15 barriers and 17 facilitators were identified. The main perceived barriers are dependence on the figure of the physician, insufficient training in pharmacology during undergraduate studies and a lack of institutional support. The main perceived facilitators are academic knowledge and ongoing education and training, independence in nursing functions and responsibilities, and adaptation to new roles and tasks. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? These results can contribute to improving NP implementation in Spain and serve as a reference for other countries, especially where NP education and training have only recently been instigated or are in the planning process. Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. SRQR. No patient or public contribution.

Research on Constructing Cheerleading Sport Education Model (CSEM) by Delphi Method

Based on the components of the physical education teaching model, this study combined the cheerleading and Sport Education Model (SEM) to develop the Cheerleading Sport Education Model (CSEM), which aims to construct a new cheerleading teaching model at China University. It adopted the Delphi method and invited 10 experts as the research objects to conduct three rounds of questionnaires. Delphi technology is a widely used and accepted method to gain consensus among experts. In the first round, the experts who participated in the survey received a questionnaire about the components of CSEM and evaluated whether each component should be retained or deleted according to the median and Quartile Difference (QD). In the second round, experts re-evaluated the components by experts and finally adjusted the contents of the text modification opinions put forward by experts. In the third round, experts re-evaluated the newly proposed components. Participants were asked to rate the categorized responses from Round 1 on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being “Very Irrelevant” and 5 being “Very Relevant”. Based on three rounds of Delphi data analysis, the results show that all the items that reach QD ≤0.5 and M ≥4 remain the final components of CSEM. The important results of this study are as follows: 4 primary indexes and 19 secondary indexes are constructed as the components of CSEM. This important research result will lay a theoretical foundation for the future application research of the CSEM teaching model.

MIARforest Reproducibility and Reliability for Assessing Occupational Risks in the Rainforest

The Method for the Integrated Assessment of Risks for rainforest (MIARforest) is a specific methodology for assessing the risk of occupational accidents associated with working in native tropical forests. MIARforest was validated for the results’ reproducibility and the reliability of calculated risk levels through the Delphi approach. Two rounds of questionnaires illustrating ten scenarios of activities associated with the logging process in the Eastern Amazon’s native rainforest (Brazil) were presented to forestry and occupational health and safety (OHS) experts. In the first round, the questionnaire was answered anonymously by 55 experts, and in the second, by 46. A percentage of agreement of at least 80% in each question was considered to close the process. Questions that did not meet the criterion in the first round were reassessed in the second round. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that MIARforest, an occupational accident risk assessment tool, has been effectively validated, demonstrating inter-rater reproducibility and reliability in determining risk values. These results highlight the objectivity and reliability of MIARforest.

Therapeutic Exercise Parameters, Considerations and Recommendations for the Treatment of Non-Specific Low Back Pain: International DELPHI Study.

Therapeutic exercise (TE) recommendations for non-specific low back pain (LBP) are meant to support therapy choices for people who suffer from this condition. The aim of this study was to reach an agreement on the definition and use of TE in the care of people with LBP. A Delphi study was carried out with a formal consensus procedure and sufficient scientific evidence, using an established methodology. Four rounds of anonymous questionnaires were administered to create useful suggestions and instructions in terms of the therapeutic activity for patients with LBP, and a group consensus conference. A consensus was reached on most of the questions after 35 physiotherapists completed the questionnaires. Participants agreed that proper TE requires correct posture, body awareness, breathing, movement control, and instruction. Patients with LBP were advised to participate in supervised sessions twice a week for 30 to 60 min for a period of 3 to 6 months. Participants added that tailored evaluation and exercise prescription, monitoring, and functional integration of exercise, as well as using specific equipment, would benefit patients with LBP. TE recommendations for patients with LBP should be dosed and customized based on their personal psychological needs, level of fitness, and kinesiophobia.

A Delphi Study Using Expert Consensus to Develop a Well-Defined Vision for a Centre of Excellence for Therapeutic Recreation in Continuing Care Settings

There is an increasing demand for evidence-based practice and the demonstration of client outcome achievement in therapeutic recreation (TR). There is also an ongoing need to research TR service provision in continuing care settings. The TR profession is well-suited to improving the well-being and quality of life of individuals living in continuing care homes, however, current TR services are not standardized and vary greatly between settings and practitioners. Centres of Excellence (CoE) are organizations that endeavour to establish high standards of practice in a specific profession or area of research. A CoE could be instrumental in improving the delivery of quality TR services in continuing care settings. A Delphi expert consensus method was used to obtain a well-defined vision for a CoE for TR in continuing care settings. Three rounds of online questionnaires were completed over a period of nine weeks by an expert panel of 11 TR professionals working in continuing care settings. The participants reached the consensus that the vision of the CoE should be, “To inspire and advocate for quality TR services in continuing care settings through increased research and evidence-based practice.” The findings from this study contribute to the development of a CoE for TR in continuing care settings. They could also contribute to the development of additional CoEs for TR with other client populations—a topic that has been largely unexplored in the research literature.

Does the new municipal solid waste management regulation promote residents' waste separation behaviour? Evidence from survey data in Beijing, China.

Waste source separation is an essential section of successful municipal solid waste management, and the city governments in China are shifting from building massive waste treatment facilities to regulating residents' waste separation behaviour (WSB). In order to promote residents' WSB, Beijing, the capital of China, implemented the new version of municipal household waste management regulation (NEMAR) and allocated more funds. This article constructs a theoretical framework to analyse the relationship between the NEMAR and residents' WSB from the perspective of policy tools, and uses propensity score matching method to evaluate the NEMAR's effectiveness on promoting residents' WSB, with first-hand data collected by distributing two rounds of questionnaires in Beijing. Results show that the NEMAR in Beijing have significantly improved the frequency and accuracy of residents' WSB. The command-control tools such as fines are effective to enhance WSB. The information guidance tools such as propaganda in community publicity column, banner and brochure could significantly promote residents' WSB frequency. Training seminars could enhance residents' WSB accuracy. The economic incentive tools are ineffective, and the policy of direct material rewards even hampers residents' WSB. This research reveals the effectiveness of the new policy and different tools in promoting residents' WSB. It could provide evidence for policymakers to utilize more effective governing tools and optimize the allocation of public resources.

Consensus-based indicators for evaluating and improving the quality of regional collaborative networks of intensive care units: Results of a nationwide Delphi study

PurposeTo select a consensus-based set of relevant and feasible indicators for monitoring and improving the quality of regional ICU network collaboratives. MethodsA three-round Delphi study was conducted in the Netherlands between April and July 2022. A multidisciplinary expert panel prioritized potentially relevant and feasible indicators in two questionnaire rounds with two consensus meetings between both rounds. The RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was used to categorize indicators and synthesize results. A core set of highest ranked indicators with consensus-based levels of relevance and feasibility were finally tested in two ICU networks to assess their measurability. ResultsTwenty-four indicators were deemed as relevant and feasible. Seven indicators were selected for the core set measuring the standardized mortality rate in the region (n = 1) and evaluating the presence, content and/or follow-up of a formal plan describing network structures and policy agreements (n = 3), a long-term network vision statement (n = 1), and network meetings to reflect on and learn from outcome data (n = 2). The practice tests led to minor reformulations. ConclusionsThis study generated relevant and feasible indicators for monitoring and improving the quality of ICU network collaboratives based on the collective opinion of various experts. The indicators may help to effectively govern such networks.

The Quality of Public-funded Oriented Physical Education Normal Students’ Cultivate in Guangdong Province

Background and Aim: Guangdong Province in February 2018 the province-wide launch of the Guangdong "new teacher training" construction implementation programs, used to improve the rural music, physical education, and art teacher structure imbalance of the status quo. This research aim was to avoid the risks of the cultivation of public-funded oriented physical education normal students in Guangdong Province in all phases of the cultivation process. Materials and Methods: This study was to study the motivation for applying public-funded oriented physical education to normal students in Guangdong Province, the indicator system for the development of rural feeling, and the factors influencing the willingness to comply. Analyze software programs were used to analyze the data collected from 462 public-funded oriented physical education normal students. Researchers use self-administered questionnaires and analyze descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis. Use the Delphi method and hierarchical analysis, with the first 2 rounds used to determine the indicator system and the third round used to calculate the weights of each indicator. The result: (1) By the discriminant validity analysis shown the value of the factors influencing were 0.921 (Teacher’s Love), 0.8800 (Self-awareness), 0.789 (Career Benefits), and 0.819 (Policy dividends). (2) By combining the results of the first and second rounds of expert questionnaires, the final evaluation index system for public-funded oriented physical education normal students’ sentiments towards local teaching was determined to consist of 4 primary indicators, 10 secondary indicators, and 30 tertiary indicators. Conclusion: The factors influencing the motivation for applying for public-funded oriented physical education for normal students include four factors: Policy dividends, Career Benefits, Self-awareness, and Teacher’s Love. Rural feeling can be used as a mediating variable to influence the effect value of learning engagement and willingness to comply, School Climate can be used as a moderating variable to regulate the relationship between learning engagement and Rural feeling, as well as learning engagement and willingness to comply. In particular, when the School Climate tends to be 'local', the effect of learning engagement on Rural feelings and willingness to comply is greater.

Construction of the Evaluation Index System for the Sustainable Development of Primary School Campus Football in Shaanxi Province, China

Background and Aim: This study expounds the theoretical framework for constructing the evaluation index system for the sustainable development of elementary school football in Shaanxi Province, including the final evaluation index system and evaluation methods. The main objective of this research was to develop the evaluation index system for football in elementary schools in China’s Shaanxi province. Materials and Methods: The populations of this research include educational experts, physical education experts, teachers or university teachers, experts in the direction of football, campus football managers, and football coaches. Consult 5 experts through questionnaires and then using the Delphi method, the expert questionnaires were distributed to 19 experts, and two rounds of questionnaires were distributed and collected to screen out the core indicators and then determine the index weight of the sustainable development evaluation system of primary school football in Shaanxi Province, finally use the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the sustainable development ability of Xi'an primary school football. Result: (1) Construct the sustainable development evaluation index system for primary school football in Shaanxi Province, including 4 first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 48 third-level indicators. (2) The first-level indicator, "organizational leadership and policy" is higher than the other three indicators, accounting for 31%. The second-level indicators, the weight of the four indicators of "implementation of national policies", "improvement of rules and regulations", "physical education hours", and "campus football culture" all exceed 10%, and there should be more support and supervision in the development process. Among the third-level indicators, the weight of the two indicators of "after-school training and competition rules and regulations" and "the number of football-themed campus cultural activities" exceeds 5%. The weight of the six indicators of "Rules and Regulations", "Number of Weeks", "Length of a Single Class", and "Extracurricular Activities" exceeds 3.5%. Conclusion: The research findings were: (1) There are 65 indicators of first-level, second-level, and third-level sustainable development of primary school campus football in Shaanxi Province, China. (2) Determine the weight ratio of indicators at all levels. (3) Through empirical research, the level of sustainable development ability of campus football in primary schools in Xi'an is obtained.