Expert Rounds Research Articles

Um modelo de motivação do corpo docente em instituições de ensino superior analisado a partir da complexidade

Objective. This study aims to develop a model that provides a better understanding of the motivation of teaching staff in higher education institutions (HEI) from a complexity perspective. Methodology. It is a correlational-descriptive type of research, with a mixed research method and a motivation-dependent category. The research is linked to a categorical system extracted from the literature review and subsequently refined by two rounds of experts using the Delphi technique. They indicated the following 6 categories that influence teaching motivation: intrinsic, extrinsic, transform knowledge, generate research, quality in education, permanent education, and teaching as a generator of social status. Subsequently, 40 referenced subcategories were constructed that account for each category. For greater accuracy, the Lasso method was used to narrow down the subcategories to 27; this ensured the formulation of questions in a survey with 122 records of teachers, based on the Likert scale type. Results. The interdisciplinarity of complex thinking requires several factors in motivating higher education faculty. These include professional activity, comprehensiveness, effectiveness, knowledge, problem-solving, leadership, interactions, autonomous learning, methodologies, institutional issues, power relations, and social position. Discussion and conclusion. It is crucial to start from a holistic view that integrates teaching motivation in different aspects such as teaching practice, student behavior, organizational aspects, interactivity of the academic community, recognition, and historical and situational contexts. Equally crucial is achieving the integration of these elements that contribute to fostering quality training processes.

Active monitoring of antifungal adverse events in hospitalized patients based on Global Trigger Tool method.

The increasing prevalence of fungal infections necessitates broader use of antifungal medications. However, the prevalence of adverse drug events (ADEs) restricts their clinical application. This study aimed to develop a reliable ADEs trigger for antifungals to enable proactive ADEs monitoring, serving as a reference for ADEs prevention and control. This investigation comprises two phases. Initially, the trigger was established via a literature review, extraction of relevant items, and refinement through Delphi expert consultation. Subsequently, the validity of the trigger was assessed by analyzing hospital records of antifungal drug users from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. The correlation between each trigger signal and ADEs occurrence was examined, and the sensitivity and specificity of the trigger were evaluated through the spontaneous reporting system (SRS) and Global Trigger Tool (GTT). Additionally, risk factors contributing to adverse drug events (ADEs) resulting from antifungal use were analyzed. Results: Twenty-one preliminary triggers were refined into 21 final triggers after one expert round. In the retrospective analysis, the positive trigger rate was 65.83%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 28.75%. The incidence of ADEs in inpatients was 28.75%, equating to 44.58 ADEs per 100 admissions and 33.04 ADEs per 1,000 patient days. Predominant ADEs categories included metabolic disturbances, gastrointestinal damage, and skin rashes. ADEs severity was classified into 36 cases at grade 1, 160 at grade 2, and 18 at grade 3. The likelihood of ADEs increased with longer stays, more positive triggers, and greater comorbidity counts. This study underscores the effectiveness of the GTT in enhancing ADEs detection during antifungal medication use, thereby confirming its value as a monitoring tool.

P22.03.A FEASIBILITY OF AND COMPLIANCE TO ELECTRONIC PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME ASSESSMENT IN THE MOLECULAR TUMOR BOARD IN (NEURO-)ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS UNDER TARGETED THERAPY (TRACE)

Abstract BACKGROUND Comprehensive genomic profiling and biomarker-based therapies are increasingly used in clinical trials and in innovative health care systems including the center for personalized medicine network. Systematic assessments of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are warranted to gain insight into the perspective of patients during biomarker-based therapies. In the present study, we focused on the feasibility of and compliance to an electronic PRO assessment in patients treated at our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS Based on a retrospective evaluation of symptom burden in 265 neurooncology patients in the Molecular Tumor Board (MTB), we developed an app by 14 expert rounds including validated assessments of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), burden of symptoms und psychological stress, and tested it in a pilot study. After informed consent, patients were introduced to the app by study staff and completed subsequently patient-reported outcomes at several time points (weekly, monthly, and quarterly). We conducted a structured interview with health care personnel and the patients as users after 3 months to assess the app’s usability and feasibility. The interview was transcribed and analyzed according to Mayring´s qualitative content analysis regarding handling, feasibility and applicability in daily routine.Furthermore, we assessed compliance and descriptive data of the ePROs. RESULTS So far, 14 patients and caregivers have been enrolled, (9 female, 5 male). Median age was 50 years (range 28 -79), 3 out of 14 patients dropped out due to death. A total of 4 study staff members, 9 patients and one caregiver were interviewed regarding usability /feasibility. Both evaluated as good (study staff members in total n=40 quotes, patients/caregivers n=112 quotes). Main advantages were the possibility to complete questionnaires at home and the easy implementation in daily life. Compliance to questionnaires was high, e.g., 91% of weekly distributed NCCN Distress Thermometer were answered in time (range 65-100%, assessment duration 5-56 weeks, 262 answers), we observed a median Distress score of 4 (range 0-9, n=262, weekly assessed) and a median Global health score of 66.7 (range 16.7-100, n=69, EORTC QLQ-C30, question 29 and 30, monthly assessed, compliance 94%). CONCLUSION This pilot study proved feasibility and acceptance of the app and might enable PRO assessment during biomarker-guided therapies.

Applicability of the Assessment Framework on Building Renovation of the European Union in Spain

The energy renovation of buildings is one of the main keys to achieve the decarbonisation objectives of the European Union as defined in the European Green Deal. To proceed with them, some of the main tools are the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and the Commission Recommendation (EU) 2019/786, with an assessment framework composed by Measurable Progress Indicators (MPIs) to assess the decarbonisation process of the national building stock of the Member States. The objective of the study is to analyse the applicability of the MPIs of the assessment framework in Spain. The study carries out deep research of the viability of the MPIs in terms of data availability as well as a round table of 39 experts from different national organizations focused on the energy efficiency of buildings. Thus, the methodology is developed in three stages: (1) the analysis of the viability of each MPI in the Spanish context in terms of data availability; (2) prioritization of the MPIs through a round table of experts in energy efficiency of buildings; (3) critical evaluation of the priority MPIs regarding the efficient applicability in Spain. Firstly, the analysis of viability shows that it is possible to develop most of the MPIs of certain evaluation scopes, like ‘Overview of policies and actions to target the worst-performing segments of the national building stock’ with 6 out of 7 MPIs viable; however, in some other scopes very few or none of the MPIs are viable, like in ‘Policies and actions to target all public buildings’. Secondly, the expert round table prioritized 8 as the most important MPIs to evaluate the renovation of the national building stock, addressing different evaluation fields like environment and energy, renovation progress, social measures, and integration of technologies. Thirdly, the evaluation of the selected eight priority MPIs show that half of them is not viable in Spain according to the data availability, one partially viable, and only three of them are viable, but with limitations in the data quality; in the viable MPIs, the available data sources that allow the processability, exist only for two of them; georeferenced data exist for none of them. In conclusion, the MPIs of the EU’s assessment framework provide convenient indicators to assess the renovation of the national building stock according to the expert round table, but due to the data availability, it shows a limited applicability in the context of Spain.

Value of improving patient safety: health economic considerations for rapid response systems–a rapid review of the literature and expert round table

ObjectivesFailure to rescue deteriorating patients in hospital is a well-researched topic. We aimed to explore the impact of safer care on health economic considerations for clinicians, providers and policymakers.DesignWe undertook...

XIX Russian-Chinese Round Table “Some Results of the Project ‘Dialogue Partnership as a Factor of Stability and Integration’ (‘Bridge between West and East’)”

On November 23, 2022, the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute fpr Demographic Research FCTAS RAS held the XIX Russian-Chinese Expert round table “Summarizing the experience of international work on the project ‘Dialogue Partnership as a Factor of Stability and Integration’ (‘Bridge between West and East’)” . Scientists from Kazakhstan also took part in the Forum.

QOL-23. TOWARDS PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME ASSESSMENT IN THE MOLECULAR TUMOR BOARD – CANCER PATIENTS UNDER TARGETED THERAPY: APP-BASED ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES (TRACE)

Abstract Comprehensive genomic profiling and biomarker-based therapeutic strategies are currently used in clinical trials and in innovative health care systems including the center for personalized medicine network. Systematic assessments of patient-reported outcomes are warranted to gain insight into the perspective of patients and their relatives during biomarker-based therapies. In the present study, we focused on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychosocial situation, and physical symptoms in patients treated at the Center for Personalized Medicine Tübingen. First, we retrospectively evaluated symptom burden of n=265 (neuro-)oncological patients in the Molecular Tumor Board (MTB). Sixty percent of patients reported at least 1 neurological symptom, and psychosocial burden/unmet needs were high (overall 156/265; 59%, patients with malignant tumors n=86/106; 81%, Fisher’s exact, p < 0.0001). We therefore developed an app by 14 expert rounds and pretesting including validated assessments of HRoL, symptom und psychological burden and tested it in a pilot study. We conducted a structured interview with users 3 months afterwards to assess the app’s usability and feasibility. The interview was transcribed and analyzed according to a qualitative content analysis. So far, a total of 10 patients and caregivers have been enrolled in this pilot study. They reported that (i) the app is compatible with their daily routine (median 9.3, range 0-10), that (ii) they are more aware of their health status, which was rated as positive, and that (iii) completing app-based questionnaires was easier compared to paper questionnaires. Two patients reported technical problems, which were resolved timely. The pilot study proved feasibility and acceptance of the app. The app might optimize symptom burden assessment, adapted to the patients’ profiles. The next step is to prospectively compare HRQoL before and after start of targeted therapy in a multicenter study.

Требования к представлению реализуемой психолого-педагогической практики

One of the tests of the expert round of the federal stage of the All-Russian Contest of professional skills “Teacher-Psychologist of Russia” — during its remote format — was the task “Protection of psychological and pedagogical practice”. The article discusses the requirements of the federal state educational standards of general education and the professional standard “Teacher-psychologist (psychologist in the field of education)”, which should be taken into account when preparing for this competitive test. A description is given of the structural and content elements of psychological and pedagogical programs and projects, the main recommendations for the development within the framework of participation in the Contest. The recommendations presented in the article, first of all, correspond to the criterion for assessing the competitive test "compliance with the requirements of the professional standard “Teacher-psychologist (psychologist in the field of education)” and other regulatory legal documents that regulate the activities of a teacher-psychologist in the field of education, and are also substantiation of the labor function “Psychological, pedagogical and methodological support for the implementation of basic and additional educational programs”.

ARCHI - Development of a questionnaire on architecture of child and adolescent psychiatric facilities

ARCHI - Development of a questionnaire on architecture of child and adolescent psychiatric facilities Abstract. Objective: Studies from various disciplines have pointed to a connection between the structural characteristics of hospitals, in particular psychiatric hospital wards, and various parameters in the recovery process of patients treated there. To date, however, no current studies have further investigated whether individual architectural aspects of clinical complexes are more relevant in everyday practice than others. Method: To link theory with practice in the context of this study, we developed a questionnaire to explore which architectural aspects in hospitals or utilities for child and adolescent psychiatry, psychosomatics, and psychotherapy are perceived by those working in therapy as helpful or detrimental to therapeutic treatment. We based the selection and development of several items on an extensive literary analysis and several expert rounds, and then analyzed and categorized the data acquired by those expert interviews conducted online according to Mayring. Results: The resulting categories demonstrate the aspects perceived as relevant to practice in everyday hospital life and thus form the basis for the 20 open and closed items of the questionnaire. Conclusion: The results of the expertise survey confirm the aspects found in the literature analyzed, including generosity of space, family orientation, age appropriateness, and positive atmosphere.

QMS external quality auditors’ education framework: findings from an iterative Delphi study

PurposeThe paper aims to describe the development of an open curriculum framework of external quality auditors (EQAs) education. The study was commissioned by accreditation body JAS-ANZ, with the objective of improving EQA audit performance, resulting in more effective audits that can add value to client organisations.Design/methodology/approachThe key sets of knowledge, skills and attributes that auditors should possess were identified from the literature and an initial survey, and validated through several rounds of experts' opinion using the Delphi technique. The Delphi panel consisted of: top managers; quality practitioners; academicians; quality auditors, consultants and managers; a financial auditor and other managers. Kendall's coefficient of concordance (Kendall's W) was used to measure the level of agreement of the experts' ranking scores.FindingsPanelists believed there is a need for EQAs to be more broadly grounded in certain knowledge, skills, and attributes. The knowledge requirements for EQAs were: audit principles, process and methods; quality management principles, system, and standards; risk management; business process and operations management; applicable legal, regulatory and contractual requirements; strategic planning; and performance measurement. EQAs need strong skills in communication, auditing, people relations, critical thinking, report writing, leadership, coaching and coordination. The attributes considered essential are objectivity, integrity, ethics and professionalism; being observant, perceptive, articulate and confident; having good judgement; being flexible, adaptive, diplomatic, fair and open-minded. Based on these outcomes, the curriculum framework of EQAs was developed.Originality/valueThis study highlights the core elements required in a syllabus to prepare EQAs for value-added auditing in the present and future. The educational framework can be adopted by accreditation and certification bodies to evaluate and improve their auditors' audit performance.

Discussion on a null hypothesis for a bibliometric study

In a bibliometric study [1] we located around 100 high-potency studies, each of which scrutinized an earlier study. An expert round was set to discuss whether it was justified to use the null hypothesis that no difference would be found between the respective test and control groups.
 
 The following two viewpoints were juxtaposed: 
 
 1) The classical null hypothesis states that the results from a test group and its respective control will not differ. If difference is found, the null hypothesis must be rejected. In this case, whether the values found in the test group were higher or lower than the ones of the control group is irrelevant. However, in some instances lack of difference between the test and the control groups is not helpful to make an informed decision. In the case of the analyzed bibliometric study, the research question is as follows: is the number of replication studies which produced a result of the same kind as the original study greater than the number of replication studies which produced a result of the opposite kind?
 
 2) Often there is a pragmatic interest in a one-sided difference or in a deviation in one specific direction. A null hypothesis to this end will state, for example, that the result of the test group will not be better than that of the control group. If difference in favor of the test group is found, the null hypothesis must then be rejected. If, conversely, no difference is found or the result of the control group is better, the null hypothesis can be maintained. For the analyzed bibliometric study the question is: is the number of replication studies which yielded a result of the same kind as the original study greater than the number of all other replication studies?
 
 From viewpoint (1) the outcome was that 70% of replication studies yielded the same result as the original study, 10% per cent the opposite result, and in 20% no difference was found between test and control. From this view point the standing is 70 positive, 10 negative and 20 undecided results. Broken down further, the outcome for laboratory-internal replication was 83 and 5 (12 undecided results) while the outcome for multicenter replication was 75 and 11 (14) and that for external replication was 48 and 14 (38).
 
 From viewpoint (2) the outcome was that 70% of replication studies yielded the same result as the original study, and that 30% (= 10% + 20%) either resulted in no difference between the test and the control group or a result opposite to the one of the original study. From this viewpoint the standing is 70 ‘for reproducibility’ versus 30 ‘not for reproducibility.’ Broken down further, the outcome for laboratory-internal replication was 83 and 17 (= 5 + 12), while that for multicenter replication 75 and 25 (= 11 + 14) and the one for external replication 48 and 52 (= 14 + 38).
 
 We conclude that the 2 two viewpoints should be treated as equally valid when discussing the outcome of the analyzed bibliometric study
 
 Keywords: high dilution, experiment repetition, null hypothesis 
 
 
 References 
 [1] Endler PC, Bellavite P, Bonamin L, Jäger T. Mazon S. Replications of fundamental research models in ultra high dilutions, 1994 and 2015: an update on a bibliometric study. Homeopathy 2015;104:235-245

Construcción y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la percepción sobre la tutoría metodológica en los cursos de Especialización Médica

El tutor metodológico es concebido como una persona con experiencia investigativa, aportación de ideas constructivas, conocimientos e inclinado a colaborar con otras personas. Debe facilitar la realización de investigaciones relevantes, de alto nivel académico y compromiso social, sin perder de vista las relaciones interpersonales en los diversos escenarios y contextos. Contar con un instrumento que permita evaluar la percepción de la tutoría metodológica puede beneficiar no solo a los tutores en la evaluación objetiva de su trabajo, sino a los coordinadores de educación para identificar áreas de oportunidad para el fortalecimiento de este proceso. El propósito de esta investigación es determinar la validez y confiabilidad del cuestionario para evaluar la percepción sobre la tutoría metodológica en los cursos de Especialización Médica. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo con diseño transversal analítico en el Centro de Investigación Educativa y Formación Docente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Guanajuato. Para la validez de contenido participaron cinco expertos. Para la prueba piloto se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística de 94 médicos residentes que cursaban el último año de la especialidad médica y que contaban con su proyecto de investigación concluido y registrado. La validez de contenido se determinó de forma cualitativa por ronda de expertos y cuantitativa, mediante el índice de Lowshe. La validez de constructo se realizó mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y la confiabilidad con el coeficiente de Alpha de Cronbach. La investigación está apegada a los principios éticos establecidos en la Ley General de Salud y su Reglamento, así como en la Declaración de Helsinki en su última revisión. Se registró en el Comité Local de Investigación 1008 del IMSS. Resultados: Se determinó la validez de contenido por juicio de expertos, al considerar que el cuestionario es claro, suficiente, coherente y relevante. Asimismo, se obtuvo un Índice de Lowshe de 0.99. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.97 global (0.92 para competencias personales y socioemocionales y 0.96 en competencias para socializar y facilitar el proceso investigativo). El AFE permitió identificar una estructura de dos factores (con una medida de adecuación de tamaño de muestra KMO de 0.885, una prueba de esfericidad de Bartlet significativa [p= 0.001] y una correlación entre las variables >0.6. El cuestionario está conformado por 21 ítems, con dos factores: Competencias personales y socioemocionales del tutor y competencias metodológicas para socializar y facilitar proceso investigativo, con 6 y 15 ítems respectivamente. Las competencias para la tutoría se agruparon en dos dimensiones que explicaron el 76.78% de las varianzas. Conclusión: La psicometría del cuestionario es adecuada, por lo que cuenta con validez de contenido y de constructo, y con consistencia interna, por lo que permite evaluar la percepción de tutoría metodológica.

COVID-19 from the interdisciplinary standpoint. Round table

On February 25, 2021, an expert round table was held, which considered the problem of interdisciplinary discussion of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the development of joint actions for management of patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases during a pandemic.

German version of the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment Tool (CPAx-GE): translation, cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability

Purpose To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool from English to German (CPAx-GE) and to examine its validity and reliability. Materials and methods Following a forward-backward translation including an expert round table discussion, the measurement properties of the CPAx-GE were explored in critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults. We investigated construct, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural validity of the CPAx-GE with other measurement instruments at pre-specified timepoints, analysed relative reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and determined absolute agreement with the Bland–Altman plots. Results Consensus for the translated CPAx-GE was reached. Validity was excellent with >80% of the pre-specified hypotheses accepted at baseline, critical care, and hospital discharge. Interrater reliability was high (ICCs > 0.8) across all visits. Limit of agreement ranged from −2 to 2 points. Error of measurement was small, floor, and ceiling effects limited. Conclusions The CPAx-GE demonstrated excellent construct, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural validity as well as high interrater reliability in critically ill adults with prolonged mechanical ventilation at baseline, critical care, and hospital discharge. Consequently, the CPAx-GE can be assumed equal to the original and recommended in the German-speaking area to assess physical function and activity of critically ill adults across the critical care and hospital stay. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) identification number: DRKS00012983 (https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00012983), registered on 20 September 2017, first patient enrolled on 21 November 2017. Implications for rehabilitation Early rehabilitation of critically ill patients is recommended to prevent and treat the subsequent functional disability, but a suitable measurement instrument for the German-speaking area is lacking. The translated, cross-culturally adapted German CPAx demonstrated excellent validity and reliability in assessing physical function and activity in critically ill adults. Cross-sectional validity of the CPAx has been newly established and allows the use of this tool at clinically relevant time-points in the course of a critical illness. The CPAx-GE can therefore be used in clinical practice by German-speaking therapists to assess physical function and activity during early rehabilitation in the ICU and hospital.

Концепция цифрового правительства как политический проект для России: перспективы реализации в условиях вызовов и рисков цифровизации общества

At the faculty of political science of Lomonosov Moscow State University on November 25, 2020 an expert round table was held on topical issues of forming a digital government as a political project of modern Russia, which considered the results of research on the first domestic pilot projects of smart city, conducted at the Chair of Russian Policy under the leadership of professor A.Р. Kochetkov. The discussion focused on such topical issues as the main content of the digital government project; its socio-cultural and historical features; the need to take into account the positive and negative aspects of international experience in the theory and practice of digital government; the problems and risks of its implementation in Russia; the impact on changing the relationship between government and civil society; and the prospects for forming an effective model of digital government in Russia. Leading political scientists, MSU professors, attended the discussion. They are A.I. Soloviev, V.I. Kovalenko, I.A. Vasilenko, S.V. Volodenkov, professor of the National Research Institute of the WEIR, RAS K.S. Gadzhiev, and the assistant of MSU E.G. Kirsanova. MSU professor A.P. Kochetkov led the round table.

Professionalism of Information Management in Health Care: Development and Validation of the Construct and Its Measurement

Against the background of a steadily increasing degree of digitalization in health care, a professional information management (IM) is required to successfully plan, implement, and evaluate information technology (IT). At its core, IM has to ensure a high quality of health data and health information systems to support patient care. The goal of the present study was to define what constitutes professional IM as a construct as well as to propose a reliable and valid measurement instrument. To develop and validate the construct of professionalism of information management (PIM) and its measurement, a stepwise approach followed an established procedure from information systems and behavioral research. The procedure included an analysis of the pertaining literature and expert rounds on the construct and the instrument, two consecutive and comprehensive surveys at the national and international level, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as reliability and validity testing. Professionalism of information management was developed as a construct consisting of the three dimensions of strategic, tactical, and operational IM as well as of the regularity and cyclical phases of IM procedures as the two elements of professionalism. The PIM instrument operationalized the construct providing items that incorporated IM procedures along the three dimensions and cyclical phases. These procedures had to be evaluated against their degree of regularity in the instrument. The instrument proved to be reliable and valid in two consecutive measurement phases and across three countries. It can be concluded that professionalism of information management is a meaningful construct that can be operationalized in a scientifically rigorous manner. Both science and practice can benefit from these developments in terms of improved self-assessment, benchmarking capabilities, and eventually, obtaining a better understanding of health IT maturity.

Construction of quality evaluation index system for blood purification nursing care in ICU

Objective To construct a comprehensive, systematic and quantifiable quality evaluation index system for blood purification care in ICU. Methods The contents of the evaluation index system for blood purification care in ICU were determined by reviewing the literature, discussion of the research group and two rounds of Delphi expert consultation. Results The response rate of the two rounds of experts was 100%. The authoritative coefficients of the two rounds of experts were 0.908 and 0.965 respectively. The coordination coefficient of the indicators of the second round of consultation results was 0.210-0.292, P<0.05 or 0.01. The quality evaluation index system for blood purification care included 3 first-class indicators, 16 second-class indicators, and 56 third-class indicators. Conclusions The enthusiasm, authority, concentration of opinions and degree of coordination of the consulting experts are relatively high. The constructed evaluation system for the quality of blood purification care indicators can be used for reference in the implementation, training and quality control. Key words: Intensive care units; Blood purification; Continuous renal replacement therapy; Quality evaluation index; Delphi technique

Development and Validation of the New Version of Spirituality Assessment Scale

The purpose of this study was to develop a new version of Spirituality Assessment Scale (N-SAS) and verify its reliability and validity. The total of 59 preliminary items for the N-SAS were selected through a literature review, two rounds of experts' content validation, cognitive interviews, and pre-tests. Verification of its reliability and validity was divided into two phases. In Phase I, questionnaires were collected from 219 adults. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha, validity with item analysis, and exploratory factor analysis. In Phase II, questionnaires developed based on the results of Phase I were collected from 225 adults. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha, validity with confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion validity. The final version of the N-SAS comprised two dimensions (vertical and horizontal), four domains (relationship with God; meaning of life and self-integration; self-transcendence; and relationship with others, neighborhoods, and nature), and 44 items were identified. Total Cronbach's α was .97; those of each subscale ranged from .79 to .98. N-SAS scores were positively correlated with the scores of Howden's Spiritual Assessment Scale (r=.81, p<.001). Findings suggest that the N-SAS can be used to measure spirituality in adults. The use of N-SAS is expected to facilitate perceiving patient's spiritual needs and providing spiritual care.

The Validation of Geriatric Cases for Interprofessional Education: A Consensus Method.

Background:Case-based Interprofessional Education (IPE) can help students practise their roles and responsibilities. To construct these cases, input from experts in clinical practice is essential. Consensus between these experts can be facilitated using consensus methods. In this study, a geriatric focus for the cases was chosen because of the interprofessional nature of geriatrics and the ageing population in healthcare facilities.Methods:By combining the 3 most commonly used consensus methods, we developed a 6-step approach to validate cases for IPE. The 6 steps include 3 expert rounds (Steps 1, 3 and 5) and 2 rounds in which discussion points were formulated by the researcher (Steps 2 and 4). The cases were piloted with students as Step 6. Four facets of a case were included: the patient description, the complemented treatment plan, the difficulty of the case and the scoring of the treatment plan. Our educational setting required constructing 4 cases with increasing difficulty. Results: Step 1: 5 typical geriatric cases were assembled. Step 2: Similar characteristics were defined; 5 cases were merged into 4. The 4 cases showed increasing difficulty levels. Step 3: The constructed cases were validated for patient description authenticity, treatment plan adequacy, difficulty and scoring of the treatment plan. Step 4: The items for further discussion were defined. Step 5: Consensus was reached for all 4 cases through a face-to-face discussion. Step 6: The student pilot for Case 1 showed no significant adjustments.Conclusion:We developed a 6-step consensus method to validate cases for IPE, and we constructed 4 geriatric cases based on this method. While consensus about the patient descriptions and difficulty levels was reached easily, consensus on the treatment plans was more difficult to achieve. Validation of the scoring of the treatment plan was unsuccessful. Further research on this will be conducted.

«Умный город» как социально-политический проект: каким он будет в России?

An expert round table was held at the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University on topical issues of the formation of the socio-political concept of a “smart city” in Russia under the direction of Professor of the Chair of Russian Policy I.A. Vasilenko. Within its framework of which the results of a study of the first Russian pilot smart city projects have been studied. During the discussion, participants at conference discussed topical issues such as political challenges and risks in introducing digital technologies into public space, issues of ensuring national security in the context of digitalization, new directions in the development of e-democracy, the possibilities and disadvantages of the electronic voting model, and the possibilities of using public-private partnerships to finance projects of Smart City, as well as the main advantages of using advanced domestic developments of smart technologies. Leading political scientists, professors of Moscow State University A.I. Soloviev, V.I. Kovalenko, A.P. Kochetkov, S.V. Volodenkov, and leading researcher at IMEMO RAS professor K.S. Gadzhiev and professor A.N. Lyul’ko (Novosibirsk) attended the discussion. Professor of Moscow State University I.A. Vasilenko led the round table.