Rounded Shoulder Research Articles

The effect of indirect vision skills on head and shoulder posture amongst Korean dental hygienists.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of indirect vision skills on head and shoulder posture in dental hygienists. This cross-sectional study included a total of 100 female clinical dental hygienists. It evaluated musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck, shoulders and back, head and shoulder posture (craniovertebral angle [CVA] and sagittal shoulder posture angle [SSPA]). Indirect vision skills were assessed using the O'Connor tweezer test under indirect vision with a mirror. To analyse factors associated with the CVA and SSPA, an independent t test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted, respectively. The body region in which the greatest number of symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was recognised was the neck (89.0%). In the multiple linear regression model, which adjusted for other factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders, dental hygienists with poor indirect vision skills showed relatively small SSPA value (P<.05). However, indirect vision skills were not associated with the CVA value. Good indirect vision skills contribute to the prevention of rounded shoulders in dental hygienists. Therefore, where possible, dental hygienists should perform clinical procedures using indirect vision with a dental mirror to maintain a balanced posture and reduce flexion of the back or the neck. A dental hygiene curriculum should include training to improve clinical skills, as well as education regarding dental ergonomics and a monitoring system to determine whether ergonomic principles are well observed.

Kinesiology taping with exercise does not provide additional improvement in round shoulder subjects with impingement syndrome: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveRound shoulder posture (RSP) may exaggerate symptoms of subacromial impingement. The effects of kinesiology taping with exercise on posture, pain, and functional performance were investigated in subjects with impingement and RSP. DesignThis study was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. SettingAn outpatient rehabilitation clinic in a university hospital. ParticipantsThirty-four subjects with subacromial impingement and RSP. InterventionsKinesiology taping with and without tension was applied 2 times per week for 4 weeks. Both groups also performed strengthening and stretching exercises 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Main outcome measurementsThe pain level, shoulder angle and self-reported score were evaluated at pre-intervention, 2-week post-intervention and 4-week post-intervention time points. ResultsFunctional performance improved after intervention in both groups (p = 0.027). A greater decrease in pain level was related to better functional performance of the shoulder in both groups (r = −0.760 and −0.674; p < 0.010). Moderate correlations were found for posture and functional performance of the shoulder in the intervention group (0.48). ConclusionFour weeks of strengthening and stretching exercises with or without kinesiology taping improved functional performance in subjects with impingement and RSP. Improvement in clinical symptoms was related to better performance of posture.

The Effect of Selected Corrective Exercises With Physioball on the Posture of Female Computer Users With Upper Crossed Syndrome

Objective Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS) is a type of musculoskeletal system involvement that results in shortening of anterior muscles and weakening of posterior muscles. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of selected corrective exercises with physioball on the postural status of female computer users with UCS. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 24 female students with UCS who were selected using a purposive sampling method. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=12) and control (n=12). The exercise group performed exercises for 6 weeks. Photogrammetry method was used to measure the angle of the forward head and round shoulder. A flexible ruler was used to measure the angle of kyphosis, and tape measure was used to measure the chest expansion. These measurements were performed before and after intervention. The collected data were analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA at the significance level of P&lt;0.05. Results There was a significant difference in mean values of kyphosis (P=0.001), round shoulder (P=0.001), forward head (P=0.002) and chest expansion (P=0.003) before and after exercise. Conclusion Improvement in forward head, round shoulder and thoracic kyphosis angles and chest expansion showed the effectiveness of applied exercise program. Therefore, it is recommended to use this exercise program in computer users with UCS.

Photogrammetric Analysis of Upper Cross Syndrome among Teachers and the Effects of National Academy of Sports Medicine Exercises with Ergonomic Intervention on the Syndrome.

Hyperkyphosis is often accompanied by forward head and shoulder postures. Together, these three disorders are called "Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS)". We aimed to perform a photogrammetric analysis of UCS among teachers and to determine the effects of National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) exercises with ergonomic training interventions on the syndrome. A semi-experimental study. Photogrammetric analysis was performed using the UCS software among teachers in order to determine the angles of forward head, rounded shoulders, and hyperkyphosis. Twenty-three teachers were selected purposefully and enrolled in Fasa City in 2018. They were randomly divided into experimental (n=12) and control (n=11) groups. Experimental group attended 12 wk of NASM exercises with ergonomic intervention but the control group did not participate in any regular exercise. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and differential independent t-test (P<0.05). The results indicated a significant decrease in forward head (P=0.001), shoulder angles (P=0.000) and hyperkyphosis (P=0.003). The applied intervention had a 90% positive effect in reducing the forward head angle, an 88% positive effect in reducing the rounded shoulder angle and a 90% positive effect in reducing the kyphosis angle. However, the results for the control group did not show a significant difference for forward head, rounded shoulders, and hyperkyphosis angles. The UCS software application can be used as an accurate instrument for measuring the extent of the UCS. Moreover, using NASM exercises can lead to a reduction in the UCS among teachers.

Sedentary Behavior and Physical Inactivity among College Students Affect Core Strength, Flexibility, and Posture

Sedentary behavior and physical inactivity have increased with advancements in technology. College students are high utilizers of computers and mobile devices, often for long periods with poor posture, putting them at risk for negative health consequences. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of sedentary behavior and physical activity participation on core strength, flexibility, and posture in college students. METHODS: College students (N=33; n=22 female, n=11 male) completed physical measures and questionnaires of sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA). Curl-up tests, sit and reach, and plumb line assessments indicated core strength, flexibility, and posture, respectively. Two-way ANOVAs were performed with participants categorized by their posture measures (rounded shoulders; RS, and forward head posture; FHP) on weekday and weekend SB, and PA per week. Associations were determined between SB, PA, core strength, flexibility, and body fat percentage by computing Pearson’s correlation coefficients. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in SB and PA between postural groups. However, participants with RS and FHP spent an hour more per day being sedentary on average than those with RS alone (RS & FHP: SB weekday, M=3.74 hrs ± 0.79, SB weekend, M= 3.74 hrs ± 0.9; RS only: SB weekday, M= 2.62 hrs ± 0.36, SB weekend, M= 2.77 hrs ± 0.48). SB was associated with decreased flexibility (SB weekday: r=-0.47, p<0.01; SB weekend: r=-0.48, p<0.01), while physical inactivity was associated with higher body fat percentage (r=0.36, p=0.04) and decreased core strength (r=-0.51, p<0.01). Furthermore, college students who were sedentary during the week were also sedentary on the weekend (r=0.82, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Sedentary behavior and physical inactivity were associated with negative changes in core strength, flexibility, posture, and body composition. Interventions targeting improvements in these behaviors among college students should include guidance on reducing screen time and limiting improper posture.

Efficacy of Abdominal Control Feedback and Scapula Stabilization Exercises in Participants With Forward Head, Round Shoulder Postures and Neck Movement Impairment.

Signs and symptoms of impaired function of the musculoskeletal system may be targeted by treating dysfunction located elsewhere. Abdominal control feedback and scapular stabilization exercise interventions would result in positive changes in pain intensity, strength, electromyography, and flexion-relaxation phenomena in women with forward head and round shoulder postures and neck movement impairment. Pretest-posttest intervention. Level 1. A total of 135 women (aged 27.23 ± 1.9 years) with forward head and round shoulder postures were randomized to 3 groups. Group 1 received 6-week scapular stabilization exercises with abdominal control feedback (n = 45), group 2 received 6-week scapular stabilization exercises without abdominal control feedback (n = 45), and group 3 received active self-exercise as a control group (n = 45). Posture, pain, proprioception, strength, and electromyography were assessed before and after the interventions. There were significant between-group differences in pain, proprioception, strength, and electromyography favoring group 1. There were significant within-group changes in posture, pain, proprioception, strength, and electromyography in both groups 1 and 2. No significant change was observed for muscle strength. The addition of abdominal control feedback to the scapular stabilization exercises was shown to be superior to the scapular stabilization exercises alone for decreasing neck pain and restoring proper proprioception, strength, and electromyography in females with forward head and round shoulder postures and neck movement impairment. The addition of abdominal control feedback to scapular stabilization exercises is superior to scapular stabilization exercises alone on the neck for improving electromyography, strength, and function in females with forward head and round shoulder postures and neck movement impairment.

Correlation between Degree of Forward Head Posture and Rounded Shoulder Posture in Physical Therapy Students

AbstractBackground: Forward head posture has been shown to be a common postural displacement, with a conservative estimate being 66% of the patient population. Failure of the head to align with the vertical axis of the body can lead to malalign-ments in the body such as rounded shoulders and hyper-kyphosis to compensate for altered location of the line of gravity leading to further impairments. Although most previous researches were conducted to determine the relation between Forward Head Posture (FHP) and cervical pain or thoracic kyphosis or temporomandibular joint and the relation between FHP and Rounded Shoulder Posture (RSP) is not clearly understood.Aim of Study: The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between different degrees of forward head posture and changes in shoulder angle in asymptomatic subjects with forward head and rounded shoulder posture.Subjects and Methods: 114 physical therapy subjects (58 males and 56 females) aged 18-27 years and body mass index ranged from 16-35kg/cm2 were recruited for this cross section study. The craniovertebral and shoulder angle were used to measure the degree of FHP and RSP respectively from standing position by photogrammetry.Results: Significant negative negligible correlation was detected between mild degree of forward head posture and rounded shoulder (p0.3 and r=0.08).Conclusion: It was demonstrated that, mild and moderate degrees of forward head posture change the degree of the rounded shoulder. However, the sever degrees of forward head posture don't change the degree of the rounded shoulder.

To Compare the Effectiveness of Myofascial Release (MFR) with Strengthening and Stretching with Strengthening to Improve the Rounded Shoulder Posture

Introduction: Rounded shoulder posture is the protrusion of the acromion of the shoulder joint in relation to the centerline of gravity of the body, causing stooped posture along with elevation, protraction, and downward rotation of the scapula due to muscular imbalance between a shortened pectoral muscle and lengthened retractors. Out of the various musculoskeletal problems between ages 20-35 year rounded shoulder posture constitutes 73%. Objectives: To investigate and compare the effectiveness of myofascial release with strengthening and stretching with strengthening on “rounded shoulder posture”. Methodology: A minimum of 30 subjects were taken for the study. Convenient sampling technique was used; with 2 equal groups of 15 subjects each, i.e. Group A received Myofascial release with Strengthening and Group B received Stretching with Strengthening. Treatment was given for 10 days in 2 weeks. Results: The results showed significant improvement in muscle length and rounded shoulder angle within in groups. Intergroup analysis showed that there was also a significant difference between the effectiveness of MFR with strengthening and stretching with strengthening in improving rounded shoulder posture. Conclusion: MFR with strengthening is more effective than stretching with strengthening in improving rounded shoulder posture.

Effect of an Exercise Program Using a Foam Roller on Shoulder Height and Muscle Activity in Adults in their Twenties with Round Shoulder

Effect of an Exercise Program Using a Foam Roller on Shoulder Height and Muscle Activity in Adults in their Twenties with Round Shoulder

Effects of Planck Exercise on the Cranio-vertebral Angle, Round shoulder Postureand Forward Head Posture

Effects of Planck Exercise on the Cranio-vertebral Angle, Round shoulder Postureand Forward Head Posture

Sherubai-1: An Andronovo (Fedorovka) Cemetery in Central Kazakhstan

One mound and five stone enclosures were excavated at the Andronovo cemetery of Sherubai-1 in Kazakhstan. Within the enclosures, there were ten graves and burials in cists. Size differences between the funerary structures of low-ranking and highranking persons indicate considerable social stratification. In the center of the kurgan there was a triple burial—two inhumations and a cremation. Certain cultural traits point to contacts between the two Andronovo populations associated with the Fedorovka and Alakul traditions. The radial arrangement of burials, as well as graves dug in the ground, are typical of Alakul. While being rare at Fedorovka cemeteries, triple central burials, such as the one under mound 1, occur in all areas where the tradition is distributed—southern Siberia, Middle Yenisei basins, and eastern and central Kazakhstan. The Sherubai ceramic assemblage includes 14 vessels with typical features, such as round shoulders, oblique hatching, and geometric designs. The vessel shapes belong to the same type, but the paste formation techniques were different, evidencing ethnic heterogeneity. Radiocarbon analysis, conducted at the 14CHRONO laboratory of the Queen’s University Belfast, suggest a date between the early 17th and the early 16th century BC.

Will Prone Trunk Extension Affect Scapular and Thoracic Kinematics and Muscle Activities During Scapular Posterior Tilting Exercise in Subjects With Round Shoulder and Flexed Posture?

Will Prone Trunk Extension Affect Scapular and Thoracic Kinematics and Muscle Activities During Scapular Posterior Tilting Exercise in Subjects With Round Shoulder and Flexed Posture?

The Effect Rehabilitation Exercise on the Upper Crossed Syndrome in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Introduction: Due to the importance of correct posture and the association of inappropriate posture with pain in the chest and scapula, the aim of this was to investigate the impact of rehabilitation exercise on the upper crossed syndrome in coronary artery bypass surgery patients. Materials & Methods: The statistical population consisted of all the 44 to 70-year-old men with coronary artery bypass surgery and upper crossed syndrome referred to Valiasr Hospital of Qom. The participants included 30 subjects (experimental group 10, control group 10 and test group10) who were randomly selected to participate in the study. In the test group a day before surgery and 8 weeks after surgery and in the control and experimental groups, 8 weeks after surgery and 8 weeks after the first test, the associated tests were run. To analyze the data, t-test Wilcoxon, and analysis of covariance were used. Findings: According to the results of the experimental group, the exercises had a significant positive (p less-than 0.05) effect on kyphosis and forward head postures and had a positive, but not significant, effect on rounded shoulders. In the test group, the trainings had a significant positive effect on kyphosis, forward head, and rounded shoulder on the left side (p less-than 0.05), while it had a positive, but non-significant, effect on rounded shoulder on the right side. Discussion & Conclusions: In the present study, combination trainings using isometric, tread band, and stretching movements were effective in correcting forward head, kyphosis, and rounded shoulder postures in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

Short Term Effects of a Pectoralis Minor Positional Release in Collegiate Swimmers

The shortened pectoralis minor directly correlates to abnormal scapular kinematics, which can cause pain, loss of range of motion and even loss of function. With these muscular imbalances causing forward scapular posture, the pectoralis minor is a key component to address in the prevention and treatment of shoulder impingement and scapular dyskinesis. This study investigated the effectiveness of a single positional release therapy (PRT) treatment of the pectoralis minor on scapular posture in collegiate swimmers immediately and 24 hours post intervention. Seventeen Division III collegiate swimmers (7 males and 10 females) volunteered to participate in this case series, with only one shoulder being excluded due to recent injury (n=33). Researchers measured resting pectoralis minor muscle length, forward shoulder posture and scapular elevation. Data measurements were collected a total of 3 times; prior to the PRT intervention, right after the intervention and again 24 hours post intervention. Each shoulder was treated with a single session of PRT on the pectoralis minor. Scapular positioning at 90° of abduction had a statistically significant increase in position from baseline to immediate post-intervention (p=.042). For forward shoulder posture, there was a statistically significant improvement in position from baseline to immediate post- intervention (p≤.001). The results of this case series show that a single treatment of PRT has an immediate effect in reducing resting pectoralis minor muscle length and decreasing rounded shoulder posture. However, this single treatment of PRT was not enough to maintain these effects after 24 hours, and should be combined with other manual therapies or rehabilitation protocols to address scapular dyskinesis in collegiate swimmers.

A Randomized Controlled Trial on Posture Improvement and Trunk Muscle Strength by Round Shoulder Posture Improvement Exercise

The aim of this article was to examine investigates the effects of posture-improving exercises on round shoulder posture (RSP) and back muscle strength. 35 college students participated in this study and were measured for both shoulder height and muscle strength. After pretest, participants were divided into shoulder stabilization exercise group (SSEG, n1=12), antagonist strength exercise group (ASEG, n2=12), and control group (CG, n3=11). SSEG and ASEG exercised with a trainer 3 times a week for 30 minutes during 4 weeks. After completion of intervention, there was a significant difference in both shoulders and trunk muscle strength is significant difference for SSEG, ASEG and CG. This study has found that strengthening exercise is more effective in RSP reduction. However, it is the opinion of the researchers that the 4 week exercise period was not long enough to achieve significant results for other measurements. Further comparative studies related to the effects of strength exercises on RSP reduction, lung capacity, and trunk muscle strength is necessary.

Influence of finish line design on the marginal fit of nonprecious metal alloy coping fabricated by 3D printing, milling and casting using CAD CAM

Background The marginal fit is one of the key factors for the clinical success of dental restorations. Ideal marginal adaptation can reduce gingival irritation and cement dissolution. After clinically examining over 1000 metal ceramic crowns, McLean and von Fraunhofer reported that marginal discrepancies up to 120 μm were acceptable. Other clinicians considered a marginal fit of 100 μm to be clinically acceptable for the longevity of the restorations. Aim/Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the finish line designs and the marginal adaptation of nonprecious metal alloy coping produced by different digital manufacturing methods. Material and Methods For fabrication of two master models with different finish lines, the master models were designed by 3-D designing software program based on the abutment preparation principle and titanium master models were milled by computer aided manufacturing. Nonprecious metal alloy copings were made respectively from each master model with three different methods, selective laser sintering (SLS), milling and casting by CAD CAM. 12 copings were made by each method resulting in 72 copings in total. The marginal fit was evaluated by measuring the gap between the cavosurface margin of the abutment die and the edge of the crown margin on mesial, buccal, distal and lingual site of each specimen. The measurement was conducted at 40 determined reference points along the circumferential margin with the confocal laser scanning microscope at magnification ×150. Results Mean values of marginal gap of laser sintered copings were 11.8 ± 7.4 μm for deep chamfer margin and 6.3 ± 3.5 μm for rounded shoulder margin and the difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Mean values of marginal gap of milled copings were 53.9 ± 27.8 μm for deep chamfer margin and 48.6 ± 30.1 μm for rounded shoulder margin and the difference between them was not significant (P = 0.279). Mean values of marginal gap of casted copings were 18.8 ± 20.2 μm for deep chamfer margin and 33 ± 20.5 μm for rounded shoulder margin and the difference between them was significant (P = 0.0004). Meanwhile, the marginal fit depending on the manufacturing method was significantly different regardless of finish line design. Selective laser sintering group exhibited the best marginal adaptation among three manufacturing methods and digitalized casting group showed better marginal fit than milling group. Conclusions and Clinical Implications (i) The variation of finish line design influences the marginal adaptation of laser sintered metal coping and casted metal coping. (ii) Laser sintered copings with rounded shoulder margin had better marginal fit than deep chamfer margin. (iii) Casted copings with deep chamfer margin had better marginal fit than rounded shoulder margin. (iv) According to the manufacturing method, SLS system showed the best marginal fit among three different methods. Casting and milling method followed that in order.

The Effect of a NASM-Based Training Protocol on Upper Cross Syndrome in Paraplegia Spinalcord Injury Patients

Introduction: Muscle imbalance of the upper quadrant of the body is one of the problems in paraplegia spinal cord injury (SCI) patients using wheelchair. This increases the risk of developing deformities and exposes the person to upper cross syndrome (UCS). The use of NASM-based corrective exercises is one of the new ways of restoring muscle balance for preventing and correcting deformities. The aim of this study was investigating the effect of NASM-based training protocol on UCS in paraplegia SCI patients. Materials & Methods: 22 male paraplegic spinal cord injury patients with forward head, round shoulder, and kyphosis deformities were selected and divided into two groups of training(n:12, age:38.68±9.81) and control(n:10, age:40.40±7.33). Training group performed NASM-based exercises for 12 weeks. Goniometer, double square, and flexible ruler were used to measure forward head, round shoulder, and kyphosis, respectively. The statistical analysis of variance for repeated data at the significance level of (P less-than 0.05) was used to analyze the data. Findings: Forward head, round shoulder, and kyphosis deformities had significant improvements in training group in comparison to control group from pre to post test(P less-than 0.05). Discussion & Conclusions: It is suggested that people with SCI who spend a lot of hours on the wheelchair should modify the position of the nose using the proposed NASM-based training exercises in this study on a regular basis in order to prevent muscle imbalance and developing the deformities in the upper quadrant of the body.

Effect of finish line design on stress distribution in bilayer and monolithic zirconia crowns: a three-dimensional finite element analysis study.

This study evaluated the influence of different finish line designs and abutment materials on the stress distribution of bilayer and monolithic zirconia crowns using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Three-dimensional models of two types of zirconia premolars - a yttria-stabilized zirconia framework with veneering ceramic and a monolithic zirconia ceramic - were used in the analysis. Cylindrical models with the finish line design of the crown abutments were prepared with three types of margin curvature radius (CR): CR=0 (CR0; shoulder margin), CR=0.5 (CR0.5; rounded shoulder margin), and CR=1.0 (CR1.0; deep chamfer margin). Two abutment materials (dentin and brass) were analyzed. In the FEA model, 1N was loaded perpendicular to the occlusal surface at the center of the crown, and linear static analysis was performed. For all crowns, stress was localized to the occlusal loading area as well as to the axial walls of the proximal region. The lowest maximum principal stress values were observed when the dentin abutment with CR0.5 was used under a monolithic zirconia crown. These results suggest that the rounded shoulder margin and deep chamfer margin, in combination with a monolithic zirconia crown, potentially have optimal geometry to minimize occlusal stress.

Impact of upper crossed syndrome on pulmonary function among the recreational male players: A preliminary report

Background: The upper crossed syndrome (UCS) is the one where participants present with rounded shoulders and a poked chin posture due to muscular imbalance that affects head position, spine, and shoulder girdle. The presence of this syndrome leads to secondary health problems such as myofascial trigger points, cervicogenic headache, impingement syndromes, neck pain, rotator cuff injury, and reduced lung capacity. Objective: The objective of this study is to find the impact of UCS on respiration among the recreational male players. Methodology: Sixty recreational male players were recruited in two stratified age groups, 21–30 years (Group A) and 31–40 years (Group B), and were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Among them, 30 were healthy male recreational male players while thirty recreational male players with UCS. The lung function in both the groups was compared with the two stratified age groups and analyzed. Results: Recreational male players with UCS in both the stratified age groups, 21–30 years and 30–40 years, have reduced maximum voluntary ventilation when compared to their healthy counterparts. Conclusion: Recreational male players with UCS have lower pulmonary performance when compared with their age-matched normal individuals.

The Effects of the Action Observation and Visual Feedback Convergence Exercise on the Alignment, Pain and Function of Forward Head Posture and Round Shoulder Posture

The Effects of the Action Observation and Visual Feedback Convergence Exercise on the Alignment, Pain and Function of Forward Head Posture and Round Shoulder Posture