Round Type Research Articles

Characterization and Classification of Frontal Hairline Contours and Growth Directions in Chinese Women.

Hair transplantation has become a major method for improving upper facial contour. Hairline contour (HC) and hair growth direction (HGD) are the main factors affecting postoperative aesthetic outcomes. However, studies on natural HC and HGD in Chinese women are scarce. To summarize the HC and HGD of hairlines in Chinese female participants. Standard photographs of the forehead were obtained from healthy Chinese volunteers older than 18 years. Hairline contour features were classified into 5 groups: round, bell-shaped, M-shaped, rectangular, and triangular. Hair growth direction was classified into 5 groups: Type ⅠA, Type ⅠB, Type ⅡA, Type ⅡB1, and Type ⅡB2. The authors performed hairline corrections in female participants. A total of 568 women participated in this study. The proportions of participants with different HC features were as follows: round (8.10%), bell-shaped (15.84%), M-shaped (23.24%), rectangular (44.19%), and triangular (8.63%). The proportions of participants with different HGDs were as follows: Type ⅠA (7.75%), Type ⅠB (27.64%), Type ⅡA (30.81%), Type ⅡB1 (28.34%), and Type ⅡB2 (5.46%). Both HC and HGD were categorized into 5 types in Chinese women. Shaping the hairline into a round type along with the preexisting direction was suggested in most instances.

Targeting Phonology or Semantics to Improve Reading Aloud Response Times and Accuracy: A Case Series Investigation of Stroke Survivors With Aphasia.

Acquired reading deficits, or alexia, affect a significant proportion of individuals with aphasia. We sought to improve treatment for alexia by targeting specific cognitive information-processing components critical to reading (i.e., phonology or semantics). To target either phonological or semantic processing, we administered two anomia treatments, phonomotor treatment (PMT) and semantic feature analysis, modified to include a focus on reading throughout the therapy. Chronic left-hemisphere stroke survivors (N = 5) completed one or two 60-hr treatment rounds. Based on predictions from a computational reading model, three participants received the treatment recommended for their specific reading challenges (e.g., PMT for phonological deficits), while two participants had the nonrecommended treatment first, followed by the recommended model-matched treatment. Changes in reading aloud accuracy and response times (RTs) from before to after treatment were examined as a function of matching treatment to the deficit profile, type of treatment, therapy round, and word characteristics. Participants' reading aloud accuracy improved after treatment relative to baseline with higher accuracy for high-frequency words and shorter words. After the first treatment round, participants' accuracy and RT improved, irrespective of whether treatment was matched to the deficit profile. Furthermore, participants who completed the second treatment round continued achieving accuracy gains. Following treatment, participants demonstrated enhanced reading efficiency and generalized improvements on the selected sections of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test. While larger studies are needed to test for the effects of matching treatment type to the deficit profile, we conclude that treatments targeting specific information-processing components can effectively improve reading. Doubling the treatment dose offers small but significant gains. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26517319.

Angular Distribution of Bremsstrahlung Spectral Temperature Measured in a Full Dimension of ECR Ion Source Using NaI(TI) Detector

Measurement of angular distribution (AD) of the bremsstrahlung spectral temperature from a full dimension of the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) along the beam axis is challenging. To overcome some challenges, this paper presents the AD of the bremsstrahlung spectral temperature measured in a full dimension of the ECRIS along the beam axis using data obtained from the Busan Center of Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI). The bremsstrahlung spectral temperature from 28-GHz ECR Ion source at the KBSI was measured in six, three, and nine azimuthal angles at the injection, centre, and extraction sides of the ECRIS using three round type thallium-activated sodium iodide (NaI(TI)) scintillation detectors. Monte Carlo simulation based on the Geant4 software package was performed to take the geometrical acceptance and energy-dependent detection efficiency into account due to large non-uniformity in the material budget. True bremsstrahlung energy spectra from the 28-GHz ECR ion source were obtained using the inverse-matrix deconvolution method. The unfolding method was based on a full geometry of the Geant4 model of the ECRIS plasma. The results show that in all three measurement locations, the highest value of the spectral temperature was at an angle of 30∘ coincident with one of the maximum angles of the ECRIS plasma shape.

First report of Pseudomonas cichorii causing bacterial leaf blight of pocketbook plant (Calceolaria hybrida) in Taiwan.

Pocketbook plants (Calceolaria spp.) are flowering ornamentals often grown as potted plants (Poesch 1937). In December 2022, leaf blight symptoms were observed on 2-mo-old plants of C. hybrida F1 'Dainty'. The disease was found in a nursery in Ren'ai Township, Nantou, and about 20% of the plants exhibited symptoms. Symptomatic plants had brown or gray necrotic lesions of different sizes and shapes, mostly around leaf margins. Lower leaf wilting was also observed (Fig. S1, A and B). Three plants were sampled. Leaf lesions were surface-disinfected with 75% ethanol and cut into smaller pieces in 10 mM MgCl2. After observing bacterial streaming under a microscope, the bacteria were streaked onto nutrient agar (NA). Following 2 days at 28°C, a type of round, creamy white colony predominated on all the plates. Three strains (Calc-A, Calc-B, and Calc-C) were obtained, one from each plant. The strains produced fluorescent pigments on King's B medium and were tested Gram-negative. The strains were characterized with the LOPAT scheme (Schaad et al. 2001). They did not exhibit activities of pectic enzymes, arginine dihydrolase and levan sucrase, but produced oxidase and induced the hypersensitive response in tobacco. DNA was extracted from the strains for PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA with primer pair 27f/1492r as described by Lane (1991). The 16S rDNA sequences were compared with entries in the GenBank database. The sequences obtained (GenBank accession no. OR824302) matched that of Pseudomonas cichorii MAFF 301158 (accession no. AB724288; 1,403/1,403 bp) and were 99% identical to that of DSM 50259T (accession no. CP074349; 1,391/1,405 bp). The strains were also tested with the species-specific primers hrp1a and hrp2a (Cottyn et al. 2011). The amplicons were sequenced and a BLASTn search showed that the sequences (accession no. OR827305) shared the highest identity (99.3%) with that of P. cichorii strain 83-1 (accession no. DQ168848; 848/854 bp) and were 97.3% identical to the sequence of DSM 50259T (accession no. CP074349; 831/854 bp). Calc-A was selected as a representative strain and deposited in the Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Taiwan (reference no. BCRC 81432). Koch's postulates were fulfilled by spray-inoculating a suspension of Calc-A on three 2-mo-old C. hybrida F1 'Dainty' plants. The inoculum was prepared by suspending NA-grown cells in 10 mM MgCl2 including 0.02% Silwet L-77 (OD600 = 0.3; 1.5 x 108 CFU/ml). For the controls, three plants were sprayed with bacteria-free solution. The plants were bagged throughout the experiment and kept in a growth chamber (14/10 h light/dark; 26/24°C day/night). Leaf blight and wilting symptoms developed on all leaves of the inoculated plants after 30 h, but not the controls (Fig. S1, C and D). The pathogen was reisolated from the treatment group, and colony PCR with hrp1a/hrp2a showed that the reisolated strain shared the same sequence with Calc-A to Calc-C. Repeating the inoculation assay produced consistent results. This is the first report of P. cichorii affecting Calceolaria in Taiwan. The bacterium has been reported infecting diverse crops in Taiwan, such as tomato and lettuce (Tsai et al. 2014). Expanding the understanding of the pathogen's potential hosts could help prevent its spread across important crops.

Occurrence of Black Mold on Sweet Pepper Fruits Caused by Alternaria alternata in Korea

In July 2022 and 2023, black mold symptoms were observed sporadically on fruits of sweet pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) plants grown in a greenhouse located in Suwon, Korea. The incidence of black mold on the fruits was 5−24% (average 14.8%) in variety SP-504 (yellow and elongate type) and 1−8% (average 5%) in variety SP-505 (red and round type) investigated. Four single-conidium isolates of <i>Alternaria</i> sp. obtained from the diseased fruits were identified as <i>Alternaria alternata</i> based on the morphological characteristics and molecular phyogenetic analyses. The isolates were tested for pathogenicity to sweet pepper fruits of varieties SP-504 and SP-505 through artificial inoculation. The isolates mostly induced large lesions on fruits of the two varieties in the wound inoculation, but only two isolates small lesions on fruits of the variety SP-504 in the non-wound inoculation. No lesions formed on fruits of the variety SP-505 in the non-wound inoculation. The pathogenicity tests revealed that susceptibility of sweet pepper fruits to the disease differs between the varieties. The symptoms induced by pathogenicity tests with the isolates were similar to those observed on fruits from the greenhouse investigated. This is the first report of <i>A. alternata</i> causing black mold on sweet pepper fruits in Korea.

Ethics rounds in the ambulance service: a qualitative evaluation

BackgroundIt is a common ethical challenge for ambulance clinicians to care for patients with impaired decision-making capacities while assessing and determining the degree of decision-making ability and considering ethical values. Ambulance clinicians’ ethical competence seems to be increasingly important in coping with such varied ethical dilemmas. Ethics rounds is a model designed to promote the development of ethical competence among clinicians. While standard in other contexts, to the best of our knowledge, it has not been applied within the ambulance service context. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe ambulance clinicians’ experiences of participating in ethics rounds.MethodsThis was a qualitative descriptive study, evaluating an intervention. Data were collected through sixteen interviews with ambulance clinicians who had participated in an intervention involving ethics rounds. The analysis was performed by use of content analysis.ResultsTwo themes describe the participants’ experiences: (1) Reflecting freely within a given framework, and (2) Being surprised by new insights. The following categories form the basis of the themes; 1a) Gentle guidance by the facilitator, 1b) A comprehensible structure, 2a) New awareness in the face of ethical problems, and 2b) Shared learning through dialogue.ConclusionIncorporating structured ethics rounds seems to create a continuous development in ethical competence that may improve the quality of care in the ambulance service. Structured guidance and facilitated group reflections offer ambulance clinicians opportunities for both personal and professional development. An important prerequisite for the development of ethical competence is a well-educated facilitator. Consequently, this type of ethics rounds may be considered a useful pedagogical model for the development of ethical competence in the ambulance service.

Hedonic test and chemical organoleptic and chemical characteristics of cork and toman fish emping

Local fish species from the waters of South Kalimantan that are a source of protein and high in albumin are cork fish and toman fish. In an effort to increase the value added and consumption of both fish, it is necessary to diversify the product, for example by processing them into fish emping. Emping is a type of round and thin snack generally made from melinjo seeds, which are flaked, dried and then fried. The aim of this study was to determine the organoleptic and chemical characteristics of cork and toman fish emping. This study consisted of 2 treatments, namely the cork fish puff and the toman fish puff. To determine the difference between the two treatments, data analysis was carried out using independent t-test with test parameters including yield calculation, hedonic test (taste, colour, aroma and texture) and chemical test (water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fibre, energy, TKE and TKP). Based on the results of the t-test, it is known that the organoleptic characteristics of the two empings show a significant difference, with the cork emping being more favourable than the toman emping. The chemical characteristics did not show any significant difference. In conclusion, the yield characteristics, moisture content, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fibre, energy, energy sufficiency level (TKE) and protein sufficiency level (TKP) of cork fish cake were 4.07%, 66.66%, 2.67%, 7.22%, 0.95%, 319.52 kcal, 20.97% and 202.00% respectively with a yield of 10.10%. For toman, the values were 19.29%, 4.31%, 66.89%, 2.55%, 6.96%, 1.02%, 318.37 kcal, 20.54% and 202.69% with a yield of 10.83%. Thus, both cork and toman fish cake are high protein products.

First Contiguous Genome Assembly of Japanese Lady Bell (Adenophora triphylla) and Insights into Development of Different Leaf Types.

Adenophora triphylla is an important medicinal and food plant found in East Asia. This plant is rich in secondary metabolites such as triterpenoid saponin, and its leaves can develop into different types, such as round and linear, depending on the origin of germination even within the same species. Despite this, few studies have comprehensively characterized the development processes of different leaf types and triterpenoid saponin pathways in this plant. Herein, we provide the first report of a high-quality genome assembly of A. triphylla based on a combination of Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina sequencing methods. Its genome size was estimated to be 2.6 Gb, and the assembled genome finalized as 2.48 Gb, containing 57,729 protein-coding genes. Genome completeness was assessed as 95.6% using the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs score. The evolutionary divergence of A. triphylla was investigated using the genomes of five plant species, including two other species in the Campanulaceae family. The species A. triphylla diverged approximately 51-118 million years ago from the other four plants, and 579 expanded/contracted gene families were clustered in the Gene Ontology terms. The expansion of the β-amyrin synthase (bAS) gene, a key enzyme in the triterpenoid saponin pathway, was identified in the A. triphylla genome. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of the two leaf types revealed differences in the activity of starch, sucrose, unsaturated fatty acid pathways, and oxidoreductase enzymes. The heat and endoplasmic reticulum pathways related to plant stress were active in the development of round type leaf, while an enhancement of pyrimidine metabolism related to cell development was confirmed in the development of the linear type leaf. This study provides insight into the evolution of bAS genes and the development of different leaf types in A. triphylla.

Anatomical Variations of The Diaphragma Sellae and Pituitary Stalk in Human Adult Cadavers in Myanmar

Objective: The middle cerebral fossa contains the sellar area. The diaphragma sellae, a dural fold, covers the sella turcica, which is located in the bony depression of the sphenoid bone. One of the most significant endocrine glands in the body, the pituitary gland’s stalk protrudes from the base of the brain through the diaphragma sellae’s primary hole.Material and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional experimental study and carried out on 30 human adult cadavers (20 males and 10 females) in order to describe the anatomical variations of diaphragma sellae and pituitary stalk.Results: The shapes of the diaphragma sellae were 17 flat types (56.7%), 12 concave types (40%) and 1 convex type (3.3%). The shapes of the central opening of the diaphragma sellae were 21 round types (70%), 5 coronal elliptical types (16.7%), and 4 sagittal elliptical types (13.3%). The mean anteroposterior diameter of the central opening of the diaphragma sellae was 6.92±1.47 mm and the transverse diameter was 7.06±1.46 mm. The mean anteroposterior diameter of the pituitary stalk was 1.83±0.41 mm and the transverse diameter of the pituitary stalk was 2.00±0.33 mm. The locations of the pituitary stalk were 20 posterior types (66.7%), 5 central types (16.7%), and 5 anterior types (16.7%).Conclusion: Neurosurgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, and clinical radiologists may find the current study of the diphragama sellae and sellar region helpful in contemplating the diseases and operational techniques in this area.

A fundamental study on structural strength assessment of U-bolts for expanded application to shipbuilding and offshore piping systems

The currently defined Safe Working Load (SWL) of the U-bolt has been determined excessively conservatively. To address this issue, this study conducted structural tests and numerical analysis on round type U-bolts of various sizes. The structural tests were conducted using a 2.5 MN actuator at the SURF R&D center, and the strain was measured through a uniaxial strain gage. The test showed the failure load greatly exceeded the design load with horizontal force. This necessitates a reevaluation and redefinition of load standards. Nonlinear numerical analysis was carried out, and these results were compared with the structural test results. When subjected to vertical loading, behavior was similar to uniaxial tension. On the other hand, using linear elastic analysis for determining SWL for horizontal loading was found to be irrational. A methodology was proposed for estimating the SWL of the U-bolt.

Comparison of End-Point Energies of Bremsstrahlung Photons from 28- GHz ECR Ion Source in Three Measurement Locations

Bremsstrahlung photons measurement show elevated energy emission beyond critical energy in 28-GHz ECR and its nature is not revealed. Thus, the aim of this study is to unveil the nature of high end-point energies at the three measurement locations. Bremsstrahlung photons from a 28-GHz ECR ion source were measured at Busan center of Korean Basic Science Institute (KBSI). The gamma-ray detection system consists of three round type NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors placed 62 cm radially from the beam axis at the three measurement locations namely injection, centre and extraction sides of an ECR ion source, and a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector placed at the view port for monitoring photon intensity along the beam axis. Such design of the experiment was based on the inner structure of the ECR ion source and the shape of the ECR plasma. Also, bremsstrahlung photons were measured by exchanging the detector positions for studying systematic uncertainties. Monte Carlo simulation based on the Geant4 package was performed to take geometrical acceptance and the energydependent detection efficiency into account due to large non-uniformity in the material budget. True bremsstrahlung energy spectra from the 28-GHz ECR ion source were extracted using an inverse matrix unfolding method. The measured high end-point energies at the three measurement locations were 1.68 MeV, 1.72 MeV and 2.04 MeV for the injection, centre and extraction sides, respectively. The high end-point energy values of the measured bremsstrahlung photons beyond the theoretical energy value of 1.33 MeV were found to be correlated with the structure of the ECR ion source and the shape of the ECR plasma. Furthermore, the high end-point energy values resulting from the bremsstrahlung photons measurements in the 28-GHz ECR plasma are due to the higher number of unconfined electrons arriving at the chamber wall easily, and producing higher bremsstrahlung photons. The unconfined electrons are the results of imperfect magnetic confinement that cause electrons to escape from the plasma volume.

STUDY OF PILLAR DIMENSION VARIATIONS MODELLING ON RIVER GEOMORPHOLOGY

The behavior of river flow patterns on the condition of the pillar dimensions can affect the geomorphology conditions of the river, namely the unbalanced local scouring between sediment transport and sediment supply so that it will affect the strength of the pillar. This study aims to study the effect of pillar dimensions on scour depth and channel base changes in the pillar area. The method of observation was carried out by simulations using Nays2DH with the same parameters for each test of each dimension with discharge (Q) = 0.5 m3/s, sediment diameter (D50) = 0.35 mm, channel width (B) = 5 m, channel length (L) = 25 m, slope (i) = 0.005 and drainage time (t) = 7200 s. The simulation results show the basic scour pattern of the channel which has the smallest value, the diamond type pillar. Degradation - Basic channel agitation on diamond type pillars, showing a pattern that tends to be evenly distributed compared to semi rounded, rectangle, or octagonal types. Period (t) 7200 s downstream of the pillar, semi rounded type scours change <0.3 m, rectangle type scours changes <0.4 m, octagonal type scours changes <0.4 m, and diamond type scours changes <0.2 m. So the dimensions of the diamond type are more effective in reducing the depth of scour.

Determination of Gender Variations Based on Anatomical Shapes of the Orbit on Plain Radiographs of Nigerians: A 5-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Cephalometry has been widely used in substantial aspects of medicine. There exist obvious differences between male and female bony features from early development to adulthood. The morphometric examination of the orbit and familiarity with its anatomy are important clinically in the diagnosis of orbital lesions and face reconstructive surgery. Diagnostic radiology and ophthalmology have a close relationship. Most prior research assessed orbital dimensions using direct approaches on living, cadaveric, or dry bones.
 Aim: To determine the gender variations based on the shapes of the orbit using Plain Radiographs.
 Materials and Methods: A 5-year retrospective cross-sectional study using 255 normal skull radiographs obtained from the Department of Diagnostic Radiology of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto from 2004 40 2009 was carried out with male to female ratio of 4:1. The radiographs were mounted on a viewing box, and the orbital shapes were noted. Results: In the male subjects, the shape of the orbit was oval in 68 (33.0%), quadrangular in 55 (26.7%), and round in 83 (40.3%). In the female subjects, the oval-shaped orbit was found in 27 (55.1%), quadrangular shape in 12 (24.5%), and in round shape 10 (20.4%).
 Conclusions: The commonest type of orbit seen in males is the round type, followed by the oval type with the quadrangular being the least type. In females the predominant type of orbit seen was oval, followed by the quadrangular type, with the round type being the least common. However, the differences were not statistically significant. The round type of orbit shows the strongest tendency in sex identification.

Antibacterial Potential of Seagrass Cymodocea Rotundata (Alismatales: Cymodoceaceae) Extract on The Pathogenic Bacteria Staphylococcus Aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is classified as a pathogenic bacterium in humans and animals. S. aureus infection in humans can cause skin infections, and produce toxins that result in shock syndrome, foodborne disease, bacteremia, endocarditis, metastatic infections, and sepsis, while in milk-producing animals it can cause mastitis infection. Initially, S. aureus can be overcome with penicillin antibiotics but often develops time S. aureus becomes resistant to penicillin to cause new infections, namely the Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which was first reported in 1961. One of the natural ingredients from the sea that has natural antibacterial content is seagrass or Cymodocea rotundata. Which is one type of seagrass in Indonesia that is included in the round type of grass. Cymodocea rotundata has bioactive components such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol hydroquinone, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins that function as antibacterials. This study aims to determine the potential of seagrass Cymodocea rotundata as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research is experimental research using wells. Samples of Cymodocea rotundata seagrass came from the coastal waters of Ketapang and were converted into a simplified powder form with ethanol solvent. The results showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone formed ranged from 5.5 mm - 9.7 mm, the largest in the 40% treatment. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the extraction of seagrass Cymodocea rotundata has benefits as an antibacterial and potential in the field of pharmacology.

Radiological Shape of the Tumor Predicts Progression and Survival in Resected Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

BackgroundThe histological features and radiological shape of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) have not been widely studied in relation to prognosis. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) is thought to be useful in diagnosis of progress and tumor distribution; it can also show morphological differences (round, triangular, and square forms) at the tumoral obstruction sites. Histological types of eCCA may be revealed, with potential association with tumor growth and survival. MethodsWe examined the distribution of tumor radiological shape subtypes on MDCT. The surgical outcomes of consecutive patients with eCCA who underwent macroscopic curative resection were reviewed. ResultsCT subtypes in 109 patients were 62 triangular, 35 square, and 12 round. There were clear prognostic differences in long-term survival rates (P < 0.001); 5-year survival rates were 100% in round, 64% in triangular, and 19% in square types. There was no recurrence in any cases of round-type tumor at the site of obstruction. Depth of tumor invasion and rates of nodal involvement were significantly higher in triangular and square-type tumors than in round-type tumors. In papillary adenocarcinoma, radiological obstructions were round type in seven patients (78%) and triangular type in two patients (22%). In tubular adenocarcinoma, all round-type tumors were well differentiated, the ratio of square-type tumors increasing as the degree of differentiation decreased from “well” to “moderate,” and “poor” respectively (23%, 39%, 57%; P = 0.033). ConclusionsTumor radiological shape predicts tumor progression, histological type, and survival in eCCA. This information may be helpful in preoperative radiological staging on MDCT.

SITNO KOLO KAO ŽIVI ELEMENT NEMATERIJALNOG KULTURNOG NASLEĐA NA PODRUČJU RAŠKE OBLASTI

In the wider area of Raška, the small round, which represents a living element of intangible cultural heritage, is still performed today. The mentioned dance belongs to the kinetic-formal type of round in three, the most widespread and ersistent pattern in the dance tradition of Serbia. The small round is practiced in formal and informal contexts, i.e. at various private and public celebrations (weddings, vows, baptisms, prelo, poselo, baptism dances, etc.). The musical accompaniment of the small round can be made by a clarinet and a drum, as well as pipes. The main goal of the work is to look at the specifics of the performance of this round, to determine its basic characteristics as elements of intangible cultural heritage, as well as the scientific interpretation of this form of appearance. In addition, one of the goals of the work is to present the performance style of the Raška region, i.e., to indicate the way of dance thinking on the example of the small round. For the purposes of this work, field and historiographical research was carried out in search of data on the small round. On that occasion, the literature and work of researchers of various profiles, ethnographers, as well as amateur researchers who carried out research in this area were consulted. The results show that the name sitno kolo (small round), as a dance that belongs to the kinetic-formal type of round in three, does not exist in the literature, but based on interviews with representative practitioners, it can be concluded that it is performed in the entire area of Raška, in Podgolia, Podkopaonic and villages at the foot of Rogozna mountain. The expert explanation of the kinesic and musical text describes in detail the factors that ensure the recognizable kinetic impulse of the small round. In addition, the factors and indicators that can influence the fact that the small round, which still lives in current practice as an important identity marker of the Raška region, are characterized as part of the intangible cultural heritage

Assessment and Correlation of Variation in Lingual Cortical Plate Thickness with Different Angulations of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in North Indian Population.

The extraction of impacted mandibular third molar is associated with various types of intraoperative and postoperative complications, one of them is injury to lingual nerve. The present study aims to assess and correlate the variation in lingual cortical plate thickness with different angulations and determine the topographic relationship between the root apex of impacted mandibular third molar and lingual cortical plate using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). This prospective cohort study enrolled 140 patients with impacted mandibular third molars who underwent preoperative CBCT imaging. The CBCT images were used to evaluate the outcome variables such as lingual cortical plate thickness and topographical relationship between root apex of impacted mandibular third molar and lingual cortical plate. The predictor variables included age, gender, inclination of third molar, mesiodistal angle, buccolingual angle and lingual plate morphology. The temporary lingual nerve paresthesia was reported by 1 patient (0.71%) out of 140 patients. The lingual bone in distoangular and vertical impacted third molar was found to be 1.20 times thicker than mesioangular and horizontal teeth. Lingual bone thinning at mid-root level was observed in maximum number of cases with mesioangular teeth (68.5%), whereas horizontal impacted teeth showed lingual bone thinning (90.9%) at root apex level. The mean buccolingual angle of impacted mandibular third molar was found to be significantly associated with lingual bone perforation (p value = 0.0258). The morphology of lingual plate was observed as undercut type (37.14%) followed by slanted (36.43%), parallel (19.29%) and round type (7.14%). Increase in buccolingual angle of impacted mandibular third molar decreases lingual bone thickness which is the natural barrier for protecting injury to lingual nerve. Also undercut and slanted lingual plate shapes were recognised as risk factors for contact/perforation between root apex and lingual plate. Therefore, proper screening and planning of high risk patients before third molar extraction is crucial.

Identifying Potential Supply Chain Bottlenecks Within the Ammunition Manufacturing Process for the Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle

The U.S. Army is developing the Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle (OMFV) to replace the Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV). The OMFV is slated to replace the BFV’s 25mm caliber gun with a 30mm or 50mm caliber gun. This analysis seeks to help inform the OMFV program's decision on round size by evaluating the supply chain aspects of each round. From stakeholder analysis, the primary supply chain concern is related to the casing material, with the 30 mm round using aluminum and the 50 mm round using steel. The manufacturing process for each round type was modeled in ProModel, including the supply chain issues related to steel and aluminum. The results indicated that both types of rounds are bottlenecked by steel limitations, since both rounds use steel projectiles. The study also indicated a larger variability in round cost for 50 mm rounds given the volatility of the steel market.

Preinitial denasalisation and palatal fortition in Khroskyabs and the Gyalrongic word for ‘man’

Abstract There are four distinct forms conveying the meaning of ‘human, person, man’ across Gyalrongic languages. The default type (Japhug tɯ-rme), the rounded type (Khroskyabs vɟú), the Stau type (Geshiza vdzi) and the uvular type (Geletuo taˈʁap). Except for the default type, which has cognates in many other Sino-Tibetan languages, the origins of the other types are to date obscure and understudied. This paper first studies the phenomena of preinitial denasalisation and palatal fortition in the history of Khroskyabs, and then puts forward etymological solutions to the rounded and Stau types based on these sound changes. Both types are historical compounds with the first element related to the default type. The second element of the rounded type is cognate with Tangut lụʶ¹ ‘man’, and the second element of the Stau type is cognate with Proto-Loloish *tsaŋ¹ ‘man’ (Bradley 1979).

Numerical investigation of flow control in low-pressure turbine cascade using Gurney Flaps

Abstract This paper reports the numerical investigations to analyze the effect of the application of Gurney Flaps on various configurations in a Low-Pressure Turbine (LPT) cascade in mitigating the laminar flow separation during low Reynolds number operations. T106 LPT blade of chord 60 mm has been selected for the present study. Gurney Flaps of flat type and quarter round type of a particular height of the chord length are selected. Flaps are provided near the blades’ trailing edges for numerical analysis. The numerical computations are performed using STARCCM+ software, and the K-ω SST turbulence Model is used for turbulence closure. The studies are performed at various Reynolds numbers ranging from 37,500 to 138,750 to understand the application of various configurations of Gurney Flap vis a vis turbine blade without Gurney Flap. Performance parameters such as lift coefficient, drag coefficient, aerodynamic efficiency, and static pressure distributions over the blade surface are used to analyse the alterations in the performance of aerodynamic characteristics of the LPT Blade. All the Gurney Flap configurations improved the overall blade aerodynamics. Among these configurations, the flat Gurney Flap configuration is found to be superior as it improves the aerodynamic efficiency of the blade.