Energy Conversion Efficiency Research Articles

Research on fault diagnosis for three-phase rectifier device in direct current transmission system based on continuous wavelet transform and vision transformer

Abstract As a core component of photovoltaic power generation systems, the three-phase rectifier device plays a crucial role, and its failure can potentially reduce energy conversion efficiency and output quality. Presently, the performance of fault time-domain signal diagnosis methods based on three-phase rectifier circuits is challenging to enhance. This paper proposes a novel fault detection method for three-phase rectifier devices based on Vision Transformer, referred to as CWT-ViT, to address this issue. This method transforms time-domain fault signals into images through Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), subsequently inputting these images into a Vision Transformer model. Relying on its powerful self-attention mechanism and fully connected layers, it realizes the extraction and learning of rectifier device image features. A Simulink simulation model of a three-phase bridge controllable rectifier circuit is established for fault injection to collect fault signals. Fault diagnosis experiments demonstrate that the proposed diagnostic method achieves a prediction accuracy of 98.6%, maintaining a relatively high precision level. In comparison to four excellent classification models currently available: AlexNet, RepVGG, ResNet, and GoogLeNet, the proposed method demonstrates superior diagnostic performance. Additionally, this paper conducts ablation experiments to meticulously analyze the impact of each module in the fault diagnosis process. This research achieves more precise and efficient fault diagnosis in photovoltaic power generation systems, thereby reducing downtime and maintenance costs for actual equipment and enhancing the stability of photovoltaic power generation systems. This research provides an innovative, intelligent solution for the intelligent operations and maintenance of photovoltaic power generation.

Direct Hydrogen Production Promoted by Laser-Induced Water Plasma.

Hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, plays an important role in addressing the current energy and environmental crisis. However, conventional hydrogen production technologies require extreme reaction conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, and catalysts. Herein, we study the microscopic mechanism of laser-induced water plasma and subsequent H2 production with real-time time-dependent density functional theory simulations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The results demonstrate that intense laser excites liquid water to generate nonequilibrium plasma in a warm-dense state, which constitutes a superior reaction environment. Subsequent annealing leads to the recombination of energetic reactive particles to generate H2, O2, and H2O2 molecules. Annealing rate and laser wavelength are shown to modulate the product ratio, and the energy conversion efficiency can reach ∼9.2% with an annealing rate of 1.0 K/fs. This work reveals the nonequilibrium atomistic mechanisms of hydrogen production from laser-induced water plasma and shows far-reaching implications for the design of optically controllable hydrogen technology.

Hydrogen underground storage for grid electricity storage: An optimization study on techno-economic analysis

This study performs a techno-economic analysis of hydrogen underground storage systems for grid electricity storage, evaluating their economic viability at the plant scale using dynamic optimization. It explores the feasibility of various system configurations and revenue models in the context of volatile electricity prices and the necessity for multiple revenue streams. The hypothesis tested is that large-scale hydrogen storage, despite its low round-trip efficiency, can be economically viable with the right mix of revenue streams. This study uses scenario-based analysis to assess the impacts of different system configurations, including engaging in time-shifting arbitrage, ancillary service markets and blending hydrogen with natural gas. Results indicate potential annual net cash flows of up to $1.5 million from ancillary services integration and $5.2 million from natural gas blending, contingent on specific system sizes. The study concludes that hydrogen underground storage for grid electricity storage can be profitable, and emphasizes that proper system design and precise electricity price forecasting are crucial for optimizing system performance and economic returns. This research sets the stage for further investigations into the scalability of hydrogen storage systems and their broader implications for grid electricity storage and energy market dynamics.

Experimental Analysis and CFD Simulation of Photovoltaic/Thermal System with Nanofluids for Sustainable Energy Solution

The integration of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems with nanofluids presents a promising avenue for enhancing sustainable energy solution. This study investigates the performance of such systems through experimental analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Nanofluids, engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, are employed to enhance heat transfer within the PV/T system. The experimental setup involves measuring electrical output, thermal efficiency, and overall system performance under varying conditions. Additionally, CFD simulations are conducted to model fluid flow and heat transfer dynamics within the PV/T collector integrated with nanofluids. The results from both experimental and simulation studies provide insights into the synergitic effects of nanofluids on enhancing energy conversion efficiency and thermal management of the PV/T system. The research contributes to the development of sustainable energy solutions by demonstrating the potential of nanofluid-enhanced PV/T systems in improving energy conversion efficiency and thermal management for various environmental conditions.

A novel bionic lotus leaf channel liquid cooling plate for enhanced thermal management of lithium-ion batteries

Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) are pivotal in safeguarding the safety, efficiency, and lifespan of electric vehicles. In this study, we propose a bionic lotus leaf (BLL) channel liquid-cooled plate to mitigate temperature accumulation issues observed during lithium-ion battery (LIB) discharge. The primary objective is to enhance heat dissipation and achieve uniform temperature distribution within LIBs. We investigated the impact of different interior configurations and mass flow rates on individual lithium-ion battery (LIB) temperatures using single-variable analysis. Our findings indicate that higher inlet mass flow rates effectively lower the temperature increase in individual LIBs, albeit at the cost of inducing a significant pressure drop.The optimal parameter combination is determined through orthogonal analysis. Specifically, the channel angle (α) and inlet mass flow rate (M) are found to significantly influence the maximum temperature (Tmax) of LIBs. The number of channels (N) is optimized to enhance temperature distribution and reduce maximum temperature variation (ΔTmax) within LIBs. Furthermore, adjusting the channel width (D) substantially mitigated pressure drop (ΔP) in the BLL channel liquid cooling plate, thereby improving hydraulic pump efficiency. The identified optimal combination (M = 1.0 g s-1, N = 4, D = 2.5 mm, α = 90°) ensures that Tmax remains below 29.732 °C even during a 5C discharge, a critical requirement. Compared to a traditional serpentine channel with equivalent heat transfer area and inlet mass flow, the optimized BLL channel showed a decrease in Tmax by 0.776 °C, ΔTmax reduction by 2.445 °C, and ΔP reduced to only 43.44 % of that in the serpentine channel. The BLL channel proposed in this research can serve as a valuable reference for BTMS.

Research and Analysis of Liquid Cooling Heat Dissipation Equipment for Insulated−Gate Bipolar Transistor Modules of Wind Power Converters Based on the Finite Element Analysis Method

The primary objective of this study is to develop a simulation model for a liquid cooling plate (LCP) for insulated−gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules, with the aim of reducing the operating temperature of wind power converters (WPCs). The initial impetus for this study was the observation that the energy conversion efficiency of a WPC declines when the operating temperature of the IGBT module exceeds a critical threshold. Three LCPs, with and without heat sinks, were modelled under extreme conditions using the finite element simulation method. The effect of the number and height of the fins on the cooling efficacy was evaluated through the simulation and analysis of the LCP model with heat sinks. The results demonstrate that the optimal configuration, comprising five 10 mm fins and 13 10 mm struts, can achieve the following reductions: maximum temperature by 11.4 K, heat dissipation efficiency by 3.33%, pressure drop by 10.6 KPa, and pump power by 31.00%. Moreover, the findings suggest that the number of fins has a significant impact on temperature fluctuations, whereas the height of the fins exerts a markedly significant influence on pressure drop.

Deciphering the Underlying Mechanism of the Fourth Entity in Medium-Entropy NiCoFeMP toward Boosting Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis.

High-/medium-entropy materials have been explored as promising electrocatalysts for water splitting due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art materials face the dilemma of explaining the enhancement mechanism, which is now limited to theoretical models or an unclear cocktail effect. Herein, a medium-entropy NiCoFeMnP with an advanced hierarchical particle-nanosheet-tumbleweed nanostructure has been synthesized via simple precursor preparation and subsequent phosphorization. Evaluated as the electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the medium-entropy NiCoFeMnP displays a lower overpotential of 272 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2, and more favorable kinetics than the binary NiFeP, ternary NiCoFeP, quaternary NiCoFeCuP and NiCoFeCrP counterparts, and other reported high-/medium-entropy electrocatalysts. Careful experimental analyses reveal that the incorporation of Mn can significantly regulate the electronic structure of Ni, Co, and Fe sites. More importantly, the Mn introduction and entropy stabilization effect in the reconstructed metal (oxy)hydroxide simultaneously promote the lattice oxygen mechanism, improving the activity. This work sheds new light on the design of high-/medium-entropy materials from an in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanism for improving energy conversion efficiency.

Optimization of a novel liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system by thermodynamic analysis and use of solar energy and liquefied natural gas

Liquid carbon dioxide energy storage with its advantages in terms of geographical constraints and economic performance has garnered significant attention. In this study, a novel liquid carbon dioxide storage system was proposed which utilizes the waste cold energy from LNG and achieves high liquefaction efficiency. By integrating solar energy, net output of the system is increased. The results show that the net output is sensitive to turbine 1 outlet pressure. Round-trip efficiency and energy storage density increases with the rise of the pump outlet pressure first and subsequently exhibits a gradual decline with an inflection point. With the increase in ambient temperature, the system efficiency shows a slight decrease, yet energy storage density shows a significant increase. At basic operating conditions, the system demonstrates energy storage efficiency of 66.64 %, round-trip efficiency of 74.33 %, and energy storage density of 23.51 kWh/m3. In addition, optimization was conducted. Single-objective optimization results show that round-trip efficiency, energy storage density and levelized cost of storage can reach 89.86 %, 25.37 kWh/m3 and 0.1873 $/kWh, respectively. Multi-objective optimization obtained compromise results of round-trip efficiency and levelized cost of storage of 85.33 % and 0.1947 $/kWh when integrated solar energy, showing a 33.77 % increase and a 13.20 % decrease compared to 63.79 % and 0.2243 $/kWh when not integrated solar energy.

Multiple-arc cylinder under flow: Vortex-induced vibration and energy harvesting

The shape of a cylindrical cross-section affects the vibrational performance. The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) phenomena of multiple-arc cylinders were numerically investigated to assess their impact on hydrodynamic energy harvesting and potential vibration suppression across a flow velocity range of 0.2 m/s to 1.4 m/s (1.767×104<Re<1.237×105). The study involves five types of multiple-arc cylinders: 4-arc, 8-arc, 16-arc, 24-arc, and circular cylinders. The accuracy of the numerical method was validated through comparison with experimental data. Specifically, increasing the number of arcs generally enhances overall energy conversion efficiency. Then, the VIV response and energy conversion results of the 24-arc cylinder are similar to those of the circular cylinder with maximum efficiency. Notably, the 4-arc cylinder achieves a global maximum amplitude of 0.074 m (A*=0.83) and a power output of 4.4 W with the new P+T mode, making it the most effective configuration for flow velocities between 0.7 and 0.9 m/s. For vibration suppression of multiple-arc cylinders, the appropriate arc structure effectively reduces amplitudes. The small vortices generated by the arc structures disrupt the separation of normal vortices from the boundary layer, leading to approximately a 50% reduction in amplitude responses for 8-arc and 16-arc cylinders.

Highly active and stable oxygen electrode PrBaCo2O5+δ-Ba2CoWO6 enabled by In Situ formed misfit dislocation interface for reversible solid oxide cell

The energy conversion efficiency and durability of the reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) is restricted by the development of highly active and stable oxygen electrode. Herein, an in-situ formed composite PrBaCo2O5+δ-Ba2CoWO6 oxygen electrode is proposed, which consists of a highly active A-site double perovskite (A-DP) phase and a stable B-site double perovskite (B-DP) phase. Misfit dislocation interface is formed between these two phases, exerting lattice tensile stress on the A-DP phase, which enhances catalytic activity and inhibits Ba segregation. Additionally, the B-DP phase suppresses lattice expansion of A-DP phase through the dislocation interface, thereby improving thermo-mechanical stability. Consequently, the composite electrode demonstrates a low polarization resistance of 0.056 Ω cm2 at 650 °C, impressive stability at 650 °C for 500 h in symmetrical cell tests, and excellent thermal-mechanical stability under 29 thermal cycles. A maximum power density of 0.75 W cm−2 and an electrolysis current density of 0.84 A cm−2 at 1.3 V were achieved at 650 °C by the composite electrode on a 260 μm-electrolyte supported cell configuration, which surpass most of the reported oxygen electrode materials. Furthermore, the cell exhibits excellent operational stability, with low degradation rates of 0.49 × 10−1 mV h−1 and 1.5 × 10−1 mV h−1 in fuel cell and electrolysis cell modes, respectively. This work offers an effective method for designing highly active and stable oxygen electrodes for RSOCs.

Multi-objective optimization and influence degree analysis of the thermally integrated HP-ORC Carnot battery based on the orthogonal design method and grey relational analysis

Thermally integrated heat pump (HP)-organic Rankine cycle (ORC) Carnot battery is a promising solution for efficient energy storage and waste heat utilization. Firstly, in order to research the influence degree of the operating parameters on the system performance, single-objective optimization is conducted by the orthogonal design method. Then, multi-objective optimization is conducted by combining the grey relational analysis (GRA) and orthogonal design method to assess the comprehensive performance of the system. The importance order and contribution rates of the operating parameters and the optimal operating combinations are determined. Finally, in order to explore the influence mechanism of the parameters on the system performance, the influence of the parameters on the subsystems and the subsystems on the whole system is quantitatively analyzed. The results show that thermal storage temperature difference, waste heat temperature difference and cold source temperature are the most important parameters affecting the comprehensive performance of the whole system. Under the optimal operating conditions, round-trip efficiency, exergy efficiency, energy storage capacity (ESC), energy storage density (ESD) and levelized cost of storage (LCOS) are 47.05%, 22.66%, 1943kW, 2.90kWh/m3 and 0.38$/kWh, respectively. Compared to the ORC subsystem, the HP subsystem is more important to round-trip efficiency and exergy efficiency.

Slowing down the hot electron cooling to activate near-infrared photocatalytic activity in potassium/carbon co-doped polymeric carbon nitride

The research on hot electron cooling in photocatalysis has been neglected. Here, taking polymeric carbon nitride as an example, a potassium/carbon (K/C) co-doping strategy is proposed to slow down hot electron cooling. The K/C co-doping reduces the specific arrangement and overlap of electronic band structures, and decreases the degeneracy of conduction band energy levels, thus exciting phonon bottleneck effect to effectively suppress the relaxation of hot electrons by reducing the interaction between hot electrons and phonons. Our work benefits to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic energy conversion.

Understanding the optoelectronic and vibrational properties of MB[formula omitted]O[formula omitted], using density functional theory, where M = Yb or Ce

This work aims to use density functional theory (DFT) and density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) to study the structure, optoelectronics, phonon dispersion and energetic stability of two new tetraborates, MB4O7, where M=Yb or Ce. The estimated values of the band gap energy (Eg) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) for the systems were calculated. The Shockley-Queisser was also taken into account to measure the maximum theoretical efficiency of a photovoltaic source cell based on a p-n union. The estimated average gap energy values for the YbB4O7 and CeB4O7 systems, calculated using the GGA-PBE, HSE06, and GGA+U functionals, were 3.64 eV and 0.97 eV, respectively. The average PCEs calculated for the YbB4O7 and CeB4O7 systems were 11.28% and 25.66%, respectively. The PCE and energy stability suggest that CeB4O7 may be a more viable candidate for a solar device than YbB4O7, at least in terms of these specific parameters. The results reported here, as well as those related to absorption calculations, showed that the structures have optical responses in the visible region, suggesting that both systems can be used as optoelectronic devices and in solar cell designs.

Construction of bilayer cellulose-based aerogel with salt-resistant design for efficient solar desalination and wastewater purification

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) technology, which utilizes green and renewable solar energy to produce clean water, has shown great potential in alleviating global water scarcity. However, practical applications still face numerous challenges, including salt crystallization precipitation and accumulation, low energy utilization, and complex preparation processes. Hence, We designed a vertically ordered porous bilayer aerogel based on nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) with excellent salt resistance, light absorption and local thermal effects to achieve efficient solar steam generation. Specifically, the photothermal conversion layer (PCL) at the top had excellent light absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency by introducing graphene oxide (GO) as a highly efficient photothermal material. The water transport layer (WTL) at the bottom ensured a stable water supply to the evaporation layer by virtue of the vertical water transfer path and inherent hydrophilicity, and effectively prevented formation of salts in the evaporation area. In addition, the designed aerogel had a low thermal conductivity, which achieved effective thermal insulation and further enhanced the localized heating effect. This superhydrophilic bilayer aerogel achieved a high evaporation rate of 1.9596 kg m−2h−1 and an energy conversion efficiency of 92.28 % under one solar irradiation. It is noteworthy that evaporation process exhibited excellent stability during 8 h of continuous evaporation in 20 wt% brine and no salt accumulation was observed on the evaporated surface. In addition, the bilayer aerogel demonstrated excellent long-term stability and self-cleaning. Meanwhile, its excellent anti-contamination and wastewater treatment capabilities give SDIE technology a stable and continuous operation in practical applications, thus demonstrating significant application potential.

Efficiency limits of concentrated solar thermophotonic converters under realistic conditions: The impact of nonradiative recombination and temperature dependence

A concentrated solar thermophotonic converter (CSTC) that efficiently harvests the entire solar spectrum under non-ideal conditions is proposed. This device includes an optical concentrator, a solar absorber, a GaAs light-emitting diode (LED) on the hot side, and an InP photovoltaic (PV) cell on the cold side. The electric power generated by the PV cell is utilized to positively bias the heated LED, resulting in a substantial increase in LED emission power. A comprehensive theoretical model is developed to accurately predict the output electrical performance and overall energy conversion efficiency of the CSTC device, especially considering the impact of the nonradiative recombination and temperature dependence. The calculated results show that when the solar concentrating factor is 30, and the LED and PV cell voltages are 0.989 V and 1.13 V, respectively, the overall peak efficiency can reach 12.8% and the corresponding output power density is 384 mW cm−2, achieving performance metrics nearly 4 orders of magnitude higher than solar thermophotovoltaics (TPV). Additionally, increasing the solar concentration ratio and decreasing the thickness of the semiconductor materials can further improve the overall output performance. This work reveals that CSTC offers several advantages over solar TPV, including more efficient conversion of narrow-spectrum electroluminescence, higher radiated power from the LED emitter, and the ability to operate at lower solar concentrations and lower costs.

Surface functionalized porous MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/Polyethyleneimine membrane for efficient osmotic energy conversion

The development of ion-selective membranes is crucial for achieving efficient osmotic power conversion in reverse electrodialysis system. However, balancing ion selectivity and ion permeability in membranes remains a challenge, limiting improvements in energy conversion efficiency for practical applications. In this study, we develop efficient cation exchange membranes by integrating versatile aromatic hydroxyl groups with MXene nanosheets and polyethyleneimine (PEI) into their lamellar structure. This approach holds promise for achieving non-swelling, high selectivity, and enhanced power density for osmotic energy conversion. The abundance positive surface charge within PEI molecules, combined with the 2D sub-nanochannels of MXene nanosheets, facilitates the biomimetic replication of channel size, chemical groups, and adjustable charge density in the resulting membranes. The fabrication of these membranes is easily achieved through simple hydrothermal, functionalization, and surface-charged techniques, suggesting promising scalability. These membranes exhibit remarkable stability against swelling in aqueous solutions for up to 25 days and demonstrate a high selectivity of 0.95 and a superior output power density of 18.3 W/m2 in artificial river water and seawater.

Simulasi karakteristik mesin termoakustik pembangkit listrik dengan penambahan model kerugian minor dari dua segmen konis

Acoustic energy output level from regenerator segment of a thermoacoustic engine model is attenuated along it’s loop due to several conditions including minor losses. This article discusses the result of Delta EC simulation of a thermoacoustic engine model acting as simple electric power generator that inserted with two conical segments. The cone segments are capable to lower the energy loss which in turn improve the overall performance of the engine in term of nett heat to acoustic energy conversion efficiency. Combined acoustic energy loss induced by both cones is equivalent to 4.94 watts minor losses. At this condition, regenerator segment amplifies the incoming acoustic energy flow of 57.02 watt up to 93.57 watt, which is equals to 36.55 watts acoustic amplification. It leads to increasing of overall engines heat to acoustic efficiency into 14.05%, which is 1.29% higher than those at the case of without cones. This engine performance improvement addressed to smoother streamline of working fluid flow inside the loop.

A multifunctional biomass-based solar interface evaporator with feather-like structure for efficient selective transport, antibacterial properties, salt resistance, and oil-fouling prevention

Solar interface evaporation technology has gained prominence as an efficient, low-cost, and CO2-neutral method for water purification. However, the development of interface evaporators with high evaporation efficiency, durability, and environmentally friendly, cost-effective materials remains a significant challenge. In this study, we fabricated a novel solar-powered hydrogel membrane using sodium alginate (SA), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and vegetable-tanned collagen fibers (CF). Utilizing a dual-structural engineering design strategy, which incorporates surface patterning and microfiber channel construction, the resulting sodium alginate/collagen fibers/reduced graphene oxide (CF/SA/RGO) composite membranes exhibited remarkable selective mass transport efficiency. The inclusion of vegetable-tanned collagen fibers notably enhanced the flow rate of free water within the CF/SA/RGO membranes. Moreover, the reduction in water evaporation enthalpy increased with successive GO reduction cycles, thereby further boosting the evaporation rate. The CF/SA/RGO membranes demonstrated an outstanding evaporation efficiency of 2.88 kg m−2 h−1, ion rejection rates of 98 % for K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Mg2+, and a dye removal efficiency of 99.52 % for RhB, MB, MO, and CR. Additionally, these membranes exhibited excellent underwater oleophobicity, antibacterial properties, and salt resistance. This study offers a novel approach to the design and fabrication of solar interface evaporators, presenting an advancement in achieving high solar energy conversion efficiency and superior operational durability.

Development, Process Optimization and Assessment of Sustainable Mobile Biochar Kiln for Agricultural Use

A novel and energy-efficient biochar kiln that can be operated in the field with few requirements has been developed. The generated syngas are recirculated into the combustion chamber to heat biomass. This study optimized the feedstock parameters, biochar yield, and economics of producing biochar from soybean straw using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD). The biochar kilns had an energy conversion efficiency of 47.02% and an overall kiln efficiency of 41.03% at steady-state operation over 500°C. It produced an average of 29.43 ± 1.42% biochar with a minimal fuel-to-biochar ratio of 0.19 ± 0.02 and a payback period of 4.02 months. The statistical analysis confirmed that the characteristics of the feedstock affect the biochar output and economic aspects of the biochar production process. Based on the optimization studies, it was concluded that the feedstock's moisture content should be 8% and particle size should be 15 mm for higher biochar yield with maximum energy efficiency and benefit-cost ratio. Biochar produced at optimal conditions obtained from the optimization process was also characterized. Physical-chemical analysis reveals that biochar has a higher carbon content (79.38 ± 1.04 %) and a lower atomic ratio of H/C (0.696), O/C (0.14), and (N+O)/C (0.08), indicating higher carbon stability and aromaticity. The TGA analysis demonstrated the high thermal stability of biochar by showing a lower (2.15%) mass loss between the 343.8 and 407.1°C temperature range. The SEM and TEM micrographs showed the microporous structure of the soybean straw biochar with a worm-like pattern and a cylindrical shape.

High activity of cobalt-atomically dispersed catalyst on mesoporous carbon for rechargeable Zn-air batteries via effective removal of the hard template

The use of oxygen from air in Zn-air batteries requires the smart design of materials with bifunctional activity for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER), and with a porous structure to facilitate the diffusion of oxygen gas to active sites. Kit-6 template-assisted porous structures have been proposed to this end; however, traditional methods for the removal of Kit-6 templates are highly aggressive and environmentally harmful. In this study, we present the synthesis of a cobalt atomically dispersed catalyst (Co-ADC) with interlayer engineering using mesoporous Kit−6 templates, focusing on two removal strategies: sodium hydroxide (0.5, 1, and 2 M) and hydrofluoric acid (15, 30, and 45 %). Physicochemical results indicated that Co-ADC-containing nanoparticles were obtained using the proposed methodology, while the use of HF promoted the loss of cobalt in the catalyst. During the activity evaluation for the ORR, and it was found that 0.5 M NaOH and HF at 15 % displayed similar activity, which could be related to the effect of carbon material as co-catalyst, but the first enabled a close 4e- pathway, and thus, the Co-ADC presented a ΔEOER-ORR of 640 mV. This optimized ADC displayed improved functionality owing to diffusion improvements by the mesoporous structure, presenting a maximum power density of 130.6 mW cm−2 and 30 % higher specific activity than the Pt+IrO2/C reference material. Rechargeability was evaluated, yielding a ΔV=0.87 V at 5.175 mA cm−2 with a round-trip efficiency of 57.5 %. Nonetheless, the optimized material presented higher rechargeability, displaying no significant round-trip changes after 100 cycles, while Pt+IrO2/C presented changes due to OER issues after only 48 cycles.