Rounded Shoulder Posture Research Articles

The Combined Effect of the Trapezius Muscle Strengthening and Pectoralis Minor Muscle Stretching on Correcting the Rounded Shoulder Posture and Shoulder Flexion Range of Motion among Young Saudi Females: A Randomized Comparative Study.

The shortening of the pectoralis minor muscle (PMi-M) and weakening of the lower trapezius muscle (LTr-M) affect scapular movement, resulting in the development of a rounded shoulder posture and reduction in the shoulder flexion range of motion (SFROM). This study evaluated the combined effect of LTr-M strengthening and PMi-M stretching on correcting the rounded shoulder postures and SFROM among young Saudi females. This study was based on a two-arm parallel-group repeated measures randomized comparative design. A total of sixty female participants with rounded shoulder postures were recruited and randomly allocated into groups 1 and 2 (n = 30/group). Each group performed supervised PMi-M stretching; however, group 2 performed a combination of LTr-M strengthening and PMi-M stretching. The outcomes, including rounded shoulder posture and SFROM, were assessed using the pectoralis minor length test (PMLT) and universal goniometer. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the differences within-group and between-group for the outcomes measures at one-week (baseline) pre-intervention, two weeks, and three -weeks post-intervention. The significance level was set at q > 2.00 and p < 0.05 for all respective statistical analyses. The within-group comparison revealed significant improvements (q > 2.00) in the outcomes of PMLT and SFROM when comparing their post-intervention scores to the baseline scores. The between-group comparison revealed a significant and an insignificant (q < 2.00) difference in the outcomes of PMLT and SFROM, respectively when comparing their scores at the second- and third-week post-intervention. Furthermore, the effect size of the intervention suggests an advantage of group 2 over group 1 in increasing the resting length of the PMi-M only among young Saudi females. The combined effect of LTr-M strengthening and PMi-M stretching was more beneficial than PMi-M stretching alone in correcting the rounded shoulder posture among young Saudi females by increasing PMi-M resting length. However, it could not yield a differential improvement in the SFROM outcome among them.

Effectiveness of Ankle Stretching and Strengthening Exercises to Improve Rounded Shoulder Posture: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Incorrect posture habits and reduced physical activity can predispose individuals to various changes in the muscular and skeletal structures. Rounded Shoulder Posture (RSP) is one such clinical manifestation that deforms the normal relationship of various structures. Different treatment protocols have been devised for correcting RSP; however, postural changes in the musculoskeletal system can also be addressed by focusing on muscular imbalances elsewhere in the biomechanical kinetic chain. Aim: To analyse and investigate the efficacy of ankle muscle stretching and strengthening exercises in enhancing the correction of RSP in young adults. Materials and Methods: The present pilot study was conducted at Amity Institute of Physiotherapy in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, and Prime Hospital and Ortho Centre in Faridabad, Haryana, India, from January 2021 to July 2021. A total of 30 young adults with RSP were randomly allocated into two groups of 15 each. Group 1 (control group) received six weeks of conventional exercises consisting of scapular stabilisation and stretching of the pectoralis minor muscle. Group 2 (experimental group) received ankle plantar flexor stretching and ankle dorsiflexor strengthening in addition to the conventional exercises, three times per week for six weeks, with each session lasting between 30 to 45 minutes. RSP and ankle Dorsi-Flexion (DF) were assessed using the posterior Acromion to Table Distance (ATD) in a supine lying position and a universal goniometer, respectively, pre-intervention and post-intervention for the dominant and non-dominant sides. For statistical analysis, after determining the normality of the data, either a Paired-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the data within each group. Further, either a two-sample Independent t-test or WilcoxonMann-Whitney U test was used to find statistical differences between the two groups at a 5% level of significance. Results: The subjects had an average age of 24.8±4.07 years and a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 24.10±4.39 kg/m2 , with 11 male and 19 female participants (p-value=0.70), with the right side being the dominant side for all. At baseline, there was no significant difference in the variables between the two groups (p-value&gt;0.05). After the six-week intervention, a significant difference was found in the ATD (dominant pre: 6.17±1.02, dominant post: 3.47±1.05, p-value&lt;0.0001; non-dominant pre: 6.07±1.05, non-dominant post: 3.32±0.92, MD=-2.75; p-value&lt;0.0001) and DF (dominant pre: 16.23±1.37, dominant post: 19.27±1.33, MD=3.03; non-dominant pre: 15.67±1.05, non-dominant post: 19.53±0.74, MD=3.87; p-value&lt;0.0001) in the experimental group. However, the control group revealed a significant difference only for ATD (dominant pre: 6.51±0.89, dominant post: 4.47±0.84, MD=-2.05; non-dominant pre: 6.23±1.00, non-dominant post: 4.41±0.90, MD=-1.82; p-value&lt;0.0001). Additionally, when compared to the control group, the experimental group showed statistically significant results for ATD and DF (p-value&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The incorporation of ankle muscle strengthening and stretching exercises was found to be more effective compared to the conventional treatment used for correcting RSP.

Observing the effect of physical activity on forward head posture and rounded shoulder posture in young healthy adults.

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the effects of physical activity on forward head and rounded shoulder postures in healthy young adults. [Participants and Methods] We recruited 20 healthy young adults engaged in high levels of physical activity and 20 healthy young adults engaged in low levels of physical activity. Both groups completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess their physical activity levels. The scapular index (SI) was calculated to assess rounded shoulder posture, whereas the craniovertebral angle (CVA) was calculated to assess forward head posture. Differences in SI and CVA between the two groups were examined. [Results] There was a significant difference in the SI between the two groups, with the low physical activity group exhibiting a lower SI than the high physical activity group. However, there was no significant difference in the CVA between the two groups. [Conclusion] Our study showed that low physical activity levels in healthy young adults could negatively affect shoulder posture but not head posture. Therefore, regularly monitoring rounded shoulder posture in individuals with low physical activity levels is recommended for health considerations.

Effect of Interferential Therapy and Elastic Band Exercises on Subjects with Round Shoulder and Forward Head Posture: A Randomized Trial

Objective: To investigate the effect of the Interferential therapy (IFT) with elastic band exercises to improve round shoulder posture (RSP) and forward head posture (FHP) in university female students.Methods: A randomized trial was conducted at a state university in Haryana, India from July-October 2021. Females having FHP and RSP were included in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group A performed elastic band exercises for 10 repetitions each twice weekly for four weeks along with IFT application for 10 minutes. While group B performed only elastic band exercises. Various Round Shoulder measurements, Craniovertebral angle (CVA) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were assessed. Results: Of 30 females, the mean age, weight, and BMI was 19.56±3.14 years, 50.83±9.13 Kg and 19.6±3.23 Kg/m2 respectively. The distance between 3rd thoracic vertebra (T3) and acromion was significantly improved in group A as compared to group B, i.e., 2.80 ±0.86 vs. -1.47 ±1.98 (p-value 0.020), respectively. However, an insignificant association of group A and B was found with distance from couch to acromion (p-value 0.590), distance from thoracic 3rd level to inferior angle of scapula (p-value 0.630), CVA (p-value 0.130), and NDI (p-value 0.550).Conclusion: Four weeks of intervention have significantly improved the distance between the T3 and the acromion process parameters for both round shoulder and FHP in both groups. However, other parameters were not statistically improved but clinical improved in patients who received elastic band exercises combined with IFT.

Comparison of Kinesiotaping and Rigid Taping on Trapezitis Induced due to Rounded Shoulder Posture in Desk Job Workers

Background and purpose: Kinesio-taping and Rigid taping technique both have been showed improvement in trapezitis induced due to rounded shoulder posture. The objective of the study was to find out the comparative effectiveness of kinesio-taping and rigid taping in trapezitis induced due to rounded shoulder posture in desk job workers. Method: This study was an Experimental study design. The samples were selected on the basis of Convenient sampling with random allocation of samples. 50 subjects were selected, in the age ranging from 20-50 years were assigned into two groups; Group A kinesio taping technique (25 subjects) and Group B rigid taping technique (25 subjects) for 2 weeks with 3 days per week, Pain was measured using Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and neck disability was assessed using Neck disability index (NDI). Both scales were taken pre intervention and post intervention at the end of two week. Results: Result of the present study demonstrated that both the interventions in group-A and group-B were found to be individually effective in treating subjects having Trapezitis induced due to rounded shoulder posture in reducing pain and disability. Conclusion: The present study concludes that both the interventions of Kinesio taping and rigid taping was individually effective in trapezitis induce due to rounded shoulder posture in desk job workers. It is also concluded that both the intervention techniques effective in decreasing the pain and disability. however, while compared the post test outcomes in between the groups, there was no much difference in reduction of pain and disability of the subjects. Implication: kinesio taping and rigid taping is effective in improving pain, disability in trapezitis induced due to rounded shoulder posture. Keywords: kinesio taping, rigid taping, neck disability index, numerical pain rating scale.

둥근 어깨 자세 교정이 호흡 및 집중력에 미치는 효과

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the effect of round shoulder posture correction on respiration and concentration. Methods: A total of 34 college students were included in this study. The participants were divided into three groups: group 1, stretching and stability (n = 12); group 2, stretching and strengthening (n = 12), and group 3, control (10). The exercise interventions were conducted for 4 weeks. Group 1 performed warm-up, stretching, muscle strengthening, and cool down for 30 min. Group 2 performed warm-up, stretching, stabilization, and cool down for 30 min. Group 3 did not receive any intervention. All groups performed round shoulder posture tests, lung capacity tests to determine respiratory function, stroop test, and concentration ability test to determine the concentrations before and after intervention. Results: Significant differences were found in the round shoulder posture on the left between before and after interventions over time (p &lt; 0.05) and between groups (p &lt; 0.05). However, no interaction was observed. The post-hoc test showed that the interventions in group 2 were more effective than those in group 3. A significant difference was noted in the round shoulder posture on the right between before and after intervention over time (p &lt; 0.05). No significant difference and interaction were found between groups. No significant difference was noted in lung capacity. A significant difference in the stroop test (time and number of wrong answers) was found between before and after intervention over time (p &lt; 0.05). No significant difference and interaction were found between the groups. No significant difference was found in the concentration ability test. Conclusion: Our results reveal some evidence that stretching and strengthening exercise causes a decrease in round shoulder posture. However, the intervention period was short and did not allow investigation of the effects on respiratory function and concentration. Continued research on this subject could provide benefits to physiotherapy as it relates to cardiopulmonary treatment.

Comparison of the Effect on the Correction for the Rounded Shoulder Posture between the Orthosis and Kinesio Taping

Comparison of the Effect on the Correction for the Rounded Shoulder Posture between the Orthosis and Kinesio Taping

Effectiveness of Eight Weeks of Corrective Exercises in Water on Postural Status of Young Men With Upper Crossed Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background and Aim Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS) is a musculoskeletal disorder leading to postural deformities such as forward head posture (FHP), rounded shoulder posture (RSP) and hyper kyphosis. This abnormality has spread among people in the community due to modern lifestyle and excessive use of communication technologies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the eight -week comprehensive corrective exercises carried out in water on forward head, rounded shoulder, and hyper kyphosis as well as pain correction in men with UCS. Materials and Methods: In the current randomized controlled clinical trial, The minimum number of samples was determined using G.Power 3.1 sample size estimation software, 30 people. After initial screening 200 students using the posture screen, including a possible drop of 5% in the research process, 34 men with upper crossed syndrome, with mean age of 23 ± 0.80 years, weight 71.61 ± 2.2 kg, height of 171.75 ± 1.24 Cm And body mass index of 23.60 ±.67 Kg / m2), they were purposefully selected. These individuals were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (n = 17) and control (n = 17). The case group experienced comprehensive corrective exercises carried out in water for eight weeks and the control group received no intervention during this period. Before and after the intervention, measurements were performed to measure the forward head and rounded shoulder angles by imaging and angular analysis was done by AutoCAD software and kyphosis angle was determined by flexible ruler. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and the significance level was considered 0.05. Paired t-test was used to compare within the group and independent t-test was used to compare the mean differences between the groups. Results: The results showed that the experimental group had significant improvement in in terms of the kyphosis (P= 0.001), FHP (P=0.001) and RSP (P=0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, Eight weeks of corrective exercises in the water environment can be significantly effective in reducing the angle of the head forward, round shoulder and hyper kyphosis in people with upper cross syndrome, and it can be recommended to specialists as a treatment.

Effect of Rounded and Hunched Shoulder Postures on Myotonometric Measurements of Upper Body Muscles in Sedentary Workers

Background: Shoulder pain is prominent among sedentary employees who make motions of the upper limbs on a regular basis. Rounded shoulder posture (RSP) and hunched shoulder posture (HSP) are the most common clinical postural misalignments. These causes the spine to bend and raise tension on the nerve roots, which has a negative impact on upper-extremity muscular strength and function. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of RSP and HSP on the mechanical parameters of the upper body muscles in clinically asymptomatic sedentary workers. Methods: Twenty office workers with RSP, 20 with HSP, and 20 with normal shoulder posture (NSP) were matched for age, BMI, and type of job. Volunteers were split into groups based on photometric shoulder angle measurements. Mechanical properties such as muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity of the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, posterior deltoid, and pectoralis major were assessed in sedentary postures. Results: The study revealed a significant decrease in muscle tone for the pectoralis major and a significant increase in muscle stiffness for the poster deltoid in both RSP and HSP as compared to NSP. Specifically, muscle tone decreased from 20.1 ± 4.0 to 12.4 ± 3.1 Hz (38.3%), (p ≤ 0.001) in RSP and from 20.1 ± 4.0 to 14.0 ± 4.8 Hz (30.3%), (p ≤ 0.001) in HSP. Muscle stiffness increased from 309.9 ± 70.7 to 348.15 ± 68.7 N/m (11%), (p ≤ 0.001) in RSP and from 309.9 ± 70.7 to 441.7 ± 45.9 N/m (29.8%), (p ≤ 0.001) in HSP. Conclusions: RSP and HSP have an impact on the tone, stiffness, and elasticity of upper body muscles in healthy asymptomatic sedentary workers. These postures, on a regular basis, may affect physical health and decrease workers’ productivity. In addition, it is recommended for sedentary workers to take regular breaks and attend training that could help improve their physical health.

Correlation between lung capacity, resporatory gas analysis and diaphragm movement distance according to forward head posture and round shoulder posture

Correlation between lung capacity, resporatory gas analysis and diaphragm movement distance according to forward head posture and round shoulder posture

A Neuromuscular Integration Approach to the Rehabilitation of Forward Head and Rounded Shoulder Posture: Systematic Review of Literature

Forward head posture (FHP) and rounded shoulder posture (RSP) are common postural misalignments caused by muscular imbalance that lead to a variety of pain patterns in the neck and shoulder. FHP prevalence ranges from 61% to 85% and is associated with RSP.

Association between Rounded Shoulder Posture and Pulmonary Capacity among Undergraduate Doctor of Physical Therapy Students

Background: vital capacity and its relationship with posture has previously been studied. Variances inposture has an effect on the inspiratory and expiratory pressures. Spirometry is the preferred choice formeasurement of vital capacities. Chronic deviations in posture could have long lasting effects on vitalcapacity. Physical therapists are prone to suffering long term musculoskeletal disorders, thus affirmingthe need to have screening protocols in place to prevent onset of such disorders.Methods: two hundred undergraduate physical therapy students were included in the study. Roundedshoulder posture was assessed using vernier calipers (in supine, distance between tip of shoulder andtable was measured). Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volumes were assed using spirometry.Conclusions: significant differences were obtained in readings of forced vital capacity and forcedexpiratory volume between those with rounded shoulders and those without (p-value= 0.000 and 0.003respectively).Postural changes effect vital capacities. Undergraduate students should be educatedregarding proper postures, in order to prevent long term effects.

Which Specific Angle Measurement Criteria Should be Used to Define Forward Head and Rounded Shoulder Posture: An Evidence-Based Commentary

Abstract: Postural distortions in the upper limb are prevalent and change the anatomical alignment, which alters force couples and the biomechanics of the body. Forward head posture (FHP) and rounded shoulder posture (RSP) are the two that are most prevalent. Measurement techniques using the craniovertebral angle for FHP and forward shoulder angle for RSP have been used both clinically and in the literature. However, what is not known is what specific criteria can be consistently used to define FHP and RSP as reference angles lack vigorous validity and there is a shortage of quantity, quality, and consistency of the evidence. Thus, there is much to be learned about postural classifications and the effect on the kinetic chain, supporting the need for further research in this area. As it is important to classify those who may need exercise and therapeutic intervention, following evidence-informed practice to inform decision-making clinicians should continue to evaluate posture, as well as examine scapular kinematics and muscle activity and the effects of interventions to improve posture. Therefore, determining whether FHP and RSP are present is paramount for the treatment to be successful.

힙 힌지 동작에 따른 둥근 어깨와 정상인의 근활성도 비교

This study applied Hip hinge movement, a pelvic activation exercise, to round shoulder subjects and normal people based on the theory of the Anatomy train that our bodies are connected by kinesthetic chains and was executed to explore and compare muscle activity changes of the selected two groups during hip hinge movements. It was classified as round shoulder(n=9) and normal(n=9) for healthy young men in their 20s. The standard for selecting round shoulders at this point was to measure the height of the back of the shoulder bone peak from the side of the table and if the height is a ＜2.5㎝ or more, it is selected as round shoulders. The movement is to hold a rod fastening it at the back of the head, thoracic vertebrae and coccyx, then push the hips back by retracting the hip joint and get up. It is performed 15 times in a set alternating between the two sides.<BR> The results of this work show that when performing hip hinge movement, the Pectoralis major from the round shoulder group differ significantly in the left Pectoralis major(p＜.05) when the left arm is raised and showed no significant difference in muscle activity of the Deltoid posterior, Gluteus medius and Semitendinous also showed significant difference in muscle activity(p＜.05) and overall it was seen high in the round shoulder group. This produced a meaningful result in hip hinge exercises in some parts of round shoulder posture and this study is significant in suggesting different directions for future methods of exercise involving round shoulders.

Neck pain in rounded shoulder posture: Clinico-radiologic correlation by shear wave elastography.

The frequency of neck pain increases in adolescents and young adults. Using smart phones and computers for a long time causes posture disorders such as rounded shoulder (RSP) and forward head postures, and these posture disorders cause neck pain. The aim of the study is to analyse the correlation between shoulder and neck angles and the stiffness of the upper trapezius and pectoralis minor muscles in patients with RSP. Patients with neck pain examined by shear wave elastography were screened retrospectively. Patients with RSP were determined. Of these patients, whose had evaluated for shoulder and neck angles with a smart phone-based photogrammetric method were assigned. Patients with a history of operation/trauma, connective tissue or neurological disease were excluded. A total of 39 female patients were included in the study. Age, height, weight, elastography measurements, cervical and shoulder angles were noted. Obtained data were statistically analysed with SPSS 22.0 program. Cervical and shoulder angles of the patients were 52.2±3.8 and 57.91±9.4, respectively. The stiffness of the right and left upper trapezius muscles and right and left pectoralis minor muscles were 42.5±14.1, 47.1±17.1, 20.5±8.0 and 17.9±8.4, respectively. In multiple regression analysis, it was observed that the stiffness of the left upper trapezius muscle was positively correlated with the shoulder angle. The upper trapezius muscle stiffness increased in RSP. It can reveal the relationship between RSP and neck pain.

Immediate Effects of Limb Rotational Kinesio Tape Application on Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test Scores.

Rounded shoulder posture is a common problem in the athletic population. Recently Kinesio tape has been utilized to improve balance, proprioception, and posture. However, the literature has been unable to provide definitive answers on the efficacy of Kinesio tape use. To determine the immediate effect of the limb rotational Kinesio tape application on the dynamic balance and proprioception of the shoulder measured by the Y-Balance Upper Quarter Test (YBT-UQ) in male collegiate athletes. Cross-sectional. Sports medicine research laboratory. Nineteen healthy male collegiate National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics athletes (including rodeo, baseball, football, and soccer) with a mean age of 19.8 (1.4)years. Subjects were randomized into Kinesio tape and non-Kinesio tape groups. The limb rotational Kinesio tape application was applied to the Kinesio tape group, while the non-Kinesio tape group received no intervention. Each group performed the YBT-UQ, which requires reaching in 3 directions in a push-up position, before and after the randomized intervention on a single day. The variables of interest included the maximum reach distance in each of the 3 directions and the composite score for both trials between the Kinesio tape and non-Kinesio tape groups. Each score was normalized against the subject's limb length. No statistically significant improvements in any YBT-UQ scores were observed following either the Kinesio tape or non-Kinesio tape intervention. Applying the limb rotational Kinesio tape technique did not improve immediate YBT-UQ scores in a male collegiate athletic population with rounded shoulder posture. The use of Kinesio tape to improve immediate closed kinetic chain function in male collegiate athletes with rounded shoulder posture cannot be supported.

Immediate effect of forward head rounded shoulder posture corrective orthosis on craniovertebral and protraction-retraction angles

Immediate effect of forward head rounded shoulder posture corrective orthosis on craniovertebral and protraction-retraction angles

Understanding upper body playing-related musculoskeletal disorders among piano and non-piano players using a photogrammetry.

The obtained results conclude piano players are highly prone to the risk of developing PRMSD in the upper body. The findings showed piano players have a higher NDI, lower CVA, and RSP when compared with the non-piano players at a statistically significant level of p-value <0.05. Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMSD) are a common problem for the pianist. The poor upper body ergonomics influences the natural positioning of the neck and shoulders, which involves forward head posture (FHP) and rounded shoulder posture (RSP). This misaligned position could produce a sensation of pain over the upper body, which affects the piano player and computer users with similar ergonomic posture. Recently, photogrammetry methods are commonly applied in a clinical setting to assess posture. The goal of this research is to compare the upper body playing-related muscu-loskeletal disorders between the piano and the non-piano players by applying photogrammetry. This causal-comparative study includes 70 participants with 35 piano and 35 non-piano players. The participant's FHP was assessed using a digitized photo to record the Craniovertebral angle (CVA) with the support of Kinovea software. Besides, digital Vernier Calliper used to assess the scapular index on the RSP and Neck disability indices (NDI) used to measure neck pain and functional disability of the participants.

Immediate Effects of Figure-8 Shoulder Brace and Taping Intervention on Round Shoulder Posture, Thoracic Kyphosis, and Chest Expansion Mobility in Forward Head Posture Patients

Immediate Effects of Figure-8 Shoulder Brace and Taping Intervention on Round Shoulder Posture, Thoracic Kyphosis, and Chest Expansion Mobility in Forward Head Posture Patients

The comparison of acromiohumeral distance and scapular dyskinesis prevalence in females with and without rounded shoulder posture

The comparison of acromiohumeral distance and scapular dyskinesis prevalence in females with and without rounded shoulder posture