Rounded Shoulder Posture Research Articles

EFFECTIVENESS OF PECTORALIS AND LOWER TRAPEZIUS EXERCISE USING PNF IN TREATING ROTATOR CUFF REPAIR WITH ROUNDED SHOULDER POSTURE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY

This study aimed to determine the effects of pectoralis stretching and lower trapezius strengthening exercises (PSLTSE) using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on posture, shoulder range of motion (ROM), pain, and muscle tone in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair (RCR) and rounded shoulder posture (RSP). Following baseline measurements, participants ([Formula: see text]) with RCR were randomized into two groups: an experimental group ([Formula: see text] [11 male and 12 female; age: 56.69 years]), engaged in PNF-PSLTSE, and a control group ([Formula: see text] [12 male and 11 female; age: 54.09 years]), receiving traditional physical therapy. Each group participated in the intervention five times per week for two weeks. The RSP values for postural changes, flexion and abduction ROM, visual analog scale (VAS), and Myoton PRO of both groups were recorded pre- and post-intervention. A paired t-test was performed to compare differences within the groups pre- and post-intervention. An independent t-test was performed to compare differences between the both groups. After the intervention, RSP, ROM, VAS, and muscle tone improved significantly in the experimental and control groups ([Formula: see text]). The experimental group showed more effective changes in the RSP, ROM, VAS, and muscle tone than the control group ([Formula: see text]). The results suggested that PSLTSE using PNF reduced posture-related shoulder pain, and muscle tone and enhanced ROM in RCR patients with RSP.

Global postural re-education versus Egoscue exercises in upper cross syndrome on neck pain, forward head and rounded shoulder posture: a randomised clinical trial

Abstract Upper crossed syndrome (UCS) is a condition that is caused due to alternating tightness and weakness in the opposite muscle groups of the neck, shoulders, and upper back which results in abnormal postural deviations. Global postural re-education (GPR) and Egoscue exercises (EE) aim to improve postural alignment and reduce musculoskeletal discomfort by maintaining certain postures. There is a lack of literature where these approaches are not compared and hence the need arises to evaluate their efficacy in the management of UCS. A randomised clinical trial was conducted on 34 individuals with UCS, where 17 individuals were randomly allocated into two groups, i.e. Group A (GPR) and Group B (EE). Both groups received conventional therapy (hot moist pack and interferential current therapy) 3 times/week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures like craniovertebral angle (CVA), pectoralis minor index (PMI), tragus to wall test (TTW), deep cervical flexors endurance, neck disability index (NDI), and patient satisfaction were assessed at baseline and on day 12 post-treatment. Within group analysis has shown statistical significant improvement in all the outcomes (). Between group analysis has shown both interventions to be equally effective in CVA (), PMI (), TTW (), deep cervical flexors endurance (), NDI () and patient satisfaction scale (PSS) () in individuals with UCS. In conclusion, both the interventions were equally effective and can be included in the protocol for the better outcomes in musculoskeletal dysfunctions. This present trial was prospectively registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India with registration number CTRI/2023/10/059361.

Comparison of Effects of Pectoralis Minor Self-Myofascial Release and Self-Stretching Exercise on Shoulder Height and Muscle Tone in Teachers of Child Care Center with Round Shoulder Posture

Comparison of Effects of Pectoralis Minor Self-Myofascial Release and Self-Stretching Exercise on Shoulder Height and Muscle Tone in Teachers of Child Care Center with Round Shoulder Posture

Effect of scapular posterior tilting exercise on scapular muscle activities in men and women with a rounded shoulder posture

Round-shoulder posture (RSP) is a common postural condition, characterized by protraction, downward rotation, anterior tilting and internal rotation of the scapula. RSP can lead to shoulder dysfunction. Different methods have been proposed for rehabilitating and correcting the altered posture in RSP including stretching, strengthening exercises, and shoulder brace or taping. However, the findings are controversial and studies are ongoing to develop more effective method. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of scapular posterior tilting (SPT) exercise in different support positions on scapular muscle activities in men and women with RSP. In a prospective observational clinical study, we assessed demographic, basic clinical parameters and study variables of the subjects with RSP (n = 20) (men/women = 9/11) attending Daegu University in Gyeongsan, South Korea. To do so, we compared electromyographic (EMG) activities of lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles between men and women with RSP during SPT exercise on four different support surfaces to determine any difference in the EMG activities. The results revealed that women showed significant differences in EMG activities in the lower and left upper trapezius and serratus anterior muscles, while men showed significant differences in EMG activity only in the lower trapezius muscle during SPT exercise on four different surfaces (P < 0.05). The post-hoc analysis revealed significantly greater EMG activity values in the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles during SPT exercise on the upper body unstable surface and whole-body unstable surface (p < 0.05). Independent t-tests after the Bonferroni correction showed no significant differences in muscle activities between men and women on the four different surfaces (p > 0.0125).

Reliability of scapular position and periscapular muscle strength tests in healthy subjects with forward neck and rounded shoulder posture

BACKGROUND: People with forward head posture (FHP) and rounded shoulder posture (RSP) may experience shifts in scapular position and alterations in the strength of the muscles surrounding the scapula. Therefore, a reliable scapula position and scapula muscle strength test are required to identified scapula problem and provided appropriate intervention programs. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the reliability of scapular position measurements obtained using a modified digital inclinometer and palpation meter, as well as muscle strength using a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) in individuals with FHP and RSP. METHODS: Thirty healthy subjects underwent scapular position tests (upward rotation, anterior tilt, depression, and protraction) and strength tests of periscapular muscles (serratus anterior, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius) on both the dominant and non-dominant sides. The reliability of the measurements was confirmed by computing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Test and re-tests were conducted over a period of one week and actual values for each measurement were also obtained and assessed. RESULTS: The ICC ranged from 0.802 to 0.935 for the scapular position tests and from 0.808 to 0.949 for muscle strength tests on the dominant and non-dominant sides. For scapular position tests, SEM values ranged from 0.3 cm to 0.6 cm (protraction and depression), from 1.0∘ to 1.7∘ (upward rotation and anterior tilt) and MCID values ranged from 0.7 cm to 1.6 cm (protraction and depression), from 2.8∘ to 4.7∘ (upward rotation and anterior tilt). Regarding muscle strength tests, SEM and MCID values were in the range 14.4N–27.3N and 39.9N–75.7N, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Scapular position and periscapular muscle strength can be reproducibly measured in healthy subjects individuals with FHP and RSP. These instruments can hence be recommended for evaluating these functional traits in subjects with FHP and RSP.

Effect of Integrated Postural Training in Individuals with Text Neck Syndrome

Background: Text neck syndrome is a repetitive stress injury caused by prolonged use of electronic gadgets, particularly smartphones. With smartphone addiction surpassing internet addiction, it has led to increased musculoskeletal problems. Currently, symptomatic treatment for text neck syndrome includes neck pain, postural changes, and cervical proprioceptive errors. The condition is chronic and progressive, and timely intervention and postural correction are crucial to minimize early consequences in later life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of integrated postural training in individuals with text neck syndrome. Methods: This study included 80 participants clinically diagnosed with text neck syndrome who were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were further divided into two groups, with Group A receiving a conventional exercise program and Group B receiving integrated postural training 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Pre- and post-assessment scores of visual analog scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine, tragus to wall test (TTW), Vernier Caliper measurements for rounded shoulders and cervical joint position error testing (CPJE Testing) were taken and the results were obtained by statistical analysis of the data. Results: The results of this study showed that there was an extremely significant improvement in neck pain, cervical ROM, forward head posture, and rounded shoulder posture in both the groups with a p-value of &lt;0.0001 except for the CPJE testing, which showed to be significant in the Group B with a p-value &lt;0.0001 as compared to Group A. Conclusion: The study concluded that integrated postural training showed significant improvement and has been beneficial in relieving pain, improving cervical range of motion, posture, and the cervical joint position error in individuals with text neck syndrome.

The Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques and Shoulder Stabilization Exercise in Adults with Forward Head and Rounded Shoulder Posture

The Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques and Shoulder Stabilization Exercise in Adults with Forward Head and Rounded Shoulder Posture

Physical Factors Associated with Non-Specific Neck Pain: Correlations Among Pain, Disability, Posture, Endurance, and Compensatory Movement.

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to investigate physical risk factors in patients with non-specific neck pain. The correlations among pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, range of motion (ROM), and disability index were analyzed in 50 patients with non-specific neck pain at a hospital in Korea. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 50 patients diagnosed with non-specific neck pain by a doctor. All subjects were evaluated for pain intensity, pressure threshold, degree of disability, active range of motion (ROM) of the neck, upper cervical rotation ROM, muscular endurance of deep cervical flexor, compensatory movements for neck flexion, forward head posture, shoulder height difference, and rounded shoulder posture. The correlation between each variable was analyzed. RESULTS Pain intensity had a significant correlation between cervical rotation ROM, cervical flexion-rotation ROM, rounded shoulder posture, shoulder height difference, and forward head posture (P<.05). There was a significant correlation between the pressure pain threshold and the cervical extension ROM, cervical flexion-rotation ROM, and rounded shoulder height (P<.05). The disability index had a significant correlation between the cervical rotation ROM, cervical flexion-rotation ROM, rounded shoulder posture, and the compensatory movement of neck flexion (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Physical risk factors for non-specific neck pain included cervical rotation ROM, upper cervical rotation ROM, rounded shoulder posture, shoulder height difference, and cervical flexion compensatory movements, which can affect pain intensity and pressure pain threshold.

Effects of Exercise and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Lower Trapezius Muscle Activity in Individuals with Round Shoulder Posture

Effects of Exercise and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Lower Trapezius Muscle Activity in Individuals with Round Shoulder Posture

Comparison of the rounded shoulder, kyphosis postures, and glenohumeral range of motion in patients with primary and secondary frozen shoulder

BackgroundFrozen shoulder syndrome is a common pathological condition of the shoulder characterized by pain, capsular stiffness, and limited movement of the glenohumeral joint. Shoulder joint problems can be related to the posture of the shoulder girdle and position of the scapula. This study aimed to compare the rounded shoulder and kyphotic posture and shoulder range of motion in patients with primary and secondary frozen shoulders. MethodsFifty-five female patients with frozen shoulder, diagnosed by a physician, were divided into primary (n = 25) and secondary (n = 30) groups. Photography and Kinovea software were used to measure the rounded shoulder angle, a flexible ruler for the kyphosis angle, and a universal goniometer for shoulder range of motion. For data analysis, we utilized SPSS software. In order to compare the groups, independent t-test was used at a significance level of 0.05. ResultsThe results showed that the rounded shoulder (p = 0.001) and kyphosis (p = 0.002) angles were significantly greater in the primary group compared to the secondary group. There was no significant difference between the two groups for flexion (p = 0.874), abduction (p = 0.786), extension (p = 0.331), and internal rotation (p = 0.128) range of motion. However the external rotation range of motion in the primary group was significantly less (p = 0.028) compared to the secondary group. ConclusionsPeople with primary frozen shoulder are more likely to experience postural problems in the shoulder girdle and have a limited range of motion for external rotation compared to those with secondary frozen shoulder.

Effects of Telerehabilitation Combining Diaphragmatic Breathing Re-Education and Shoulder Stabilization Exercises on Neck Pain, Posture, and Function in Young Adult Men with Upper Crossed Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Forward head posture and rounded shoulder posture are common postural variants found in upper crossed syndrome, which can lead to limited neck mobility, respiratory problems, and other issues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of telerehabilitation, combining diaphragmatic breathing re-education and shoulder stabilization exercises, on young men with upper crossed syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic over 4 weeks. Methods: The study included 37 participants aged in their 20s and 30s who were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received diaphragmatic breathing re-education and shoulder stabilization exercises, while the control group only underwent shoulder stabilization exercises. Both groups were trained three times a week for four weeks using telerehabilitation. The comparison of within-group pre-post differences in the experimental and control groups was conducted using a paired t-test, while the effects of treatment were assessed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: After 4 weeks, both groups showed significant improvements in the pain pressure threshold of the upper trapezius, craniovertebral angle, round shoulder posture, shoulder tilt degree, neck disability index, and closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (all p < 0.05). The results showed a significant difference between the Time effect (p adj < 0.05/4) for both sides of PPT, CVA, and STD and both sides of RSP, NDI, and CKCUEST, and an interaction between the Time × Group effects (p adj < 0.05/4) for the Rt. PPT, CVA, and STD. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the telerehabilitation training group, which included diaphragmatic breathing re-education and shoulder stabilization exercises, was more effective in improving Rt. PPT, CVA, and STD in males with UCS.

The effect of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization on trapezius muscle activation during shoulder exercises in individuals with rounded shoulder posture: a pilot study

Aims: The aim of this pilot study is to investigate the impact of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) technique on the activation of the upper, middle, and lower parts of the trapezius muscle during commonly used shoulder exercises in individuals with rounded shoulder posture. Methods: The study was conducted with 15 individuals exhibiting rounded shoulder posture. The determination of rounded shoulder posture was based on measuring the distance in centimeters between the posterior corner of the lateral acromion prominence and the bed in a supine position. If this distance was 2.5 cm or more, it was considered as rounded shoulder posture. Participants were taught three different shoulder exercises and the DNS respiratory technique, a component of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization. The exercises were randomly performed with and without DNS, and the activation of the upper (UT), middle (MT), and lower (LT) parts of the trapezius muscle was measured separately using an 8-channel surface electromyography (EMG) system (Noraxon Ultium, Scottsdale, USA). Results: The activation of all parts of the trapezius muscle was found to be higher when exercises were performed with DNS compared to without DNS (p&lt;0.05). Additionally, the UT/MT and UT/LT activation ratios were compared during the exercises with and without DNS. It was observed that only during the 1st exercise, the UT/LT activation ratio was higher when exercises were performed with DNS (p&lt;0.05), while in all other cases, it was similar (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The primary findings of the study suggest that the activation of all parts of the trapezius muscle is higher when exercises are performed with DNS. This implies that DNS may contribute to more effective exercise performance in terms of the activation of the relevant muscle group, indicating potential positive effects of DNS in rehabilitation programs. However, the participant profile in our study is limited to individuals with rounded shoulder posture. Further research in different populations is needed to generalize the obtained results.

둥근어깨를 가진 성인에게 자세 개선을 위한 복합운동이 둥근어깨 자세, 근 두께 및 호흡 기능에 미치는 영향

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of round shoulder improvement exercise on posture, muscle thickness, and respiratory function in adults with round shoulder posture.&#x0D; Methods: This study was conducted on 17 participants. These participants were randomly allocated to two groups: Group Ⅰ (n=9) and Group Ⅱ (n=8). Participants in all groups performed exercises for 30 minutes, with 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Combined exercises were performed in group Ⅰ to improve round shoulder posture, while KSPO gymnastics basic was performed in group Ⅱ. Round shoulder posture, muscle thickness, and respiratory functions were assessed in all participants. Wilcoxon test was used in order to determine statistical significance of differences (p&lt;.05) before and after training. The Mann-Whitney test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences between the groups.&#x0D; Results: The results are as follows. After the intervention, significant effects on the improvement of the muscle thickness of the upper trapezius and diaphragm were observed in group Ⅰ compared to group Ⅱ (p&lt;.05). There was no significantly difference between both the two groups in the round shoulder posture and respiratory functions (p&gt;.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is expected to be effective in changing muscle thickness when performing combined exercises for round shoulder. But it is not effective in round shoulder posture and respiratory function of adults with round shoulder.

The Effect of Shoulder Stabilization Exercise and Core Stabilization Exercise on the Shoulder Height and Respiratory Function in Young Adults with Round Shoulder Posture

The Effect of Shoulder Stabilization Exercise and Core Stabilization Exercise on the Shoulder Height and Respiratory Function in Young Adults with Round Shoulder Posture

Comparing Three Wearable Brassiere Braces Designed to Correct Rounded Posture.

Rounded shoulder posture (RSP) causes shoulder pain and can lead to shoulder impingement and thoracic outlet syndromes, ultimately resulting in a frozen shoulder. Altered scapular positions in RSP patients affect muscle activity. Many studies have explored methods to correct and prevent RSP, including shoulder braces, muscle strengthening, stretching, and inhibition techniques. Using a shoulder brace reduces RSP and improves shoulder discomfort and function, similar to conventional rehabilitation. However, despite their effectiveness, these braces are bulky and inconvenient, which makes continuous daily wear challenging. This is especially true for women who are sensitive to their appearance. To address this issue, methods have been developed to convert women's underwear bra straps into braces. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effects of three underwear-mounted rounded shoulder braces and to identify the brace that is most effective in decreasing RSP and upper trapezius (UT) muscle activity and increasing lower trapezius (LT) muscle activity in patients with RSP. The study included 18 patients with an RSP. The RSP amount and UT and LT muscle activities were measured before and after three interventions. The interventions were scapular posterior tilting (SPT) exercises with the X strap, X + 8 strap, and inner brace. Compared with the baseline value, the RSP amount was significantly lower with the three braces. The RSP was significantly lower with the X + 8 strap and the inner brace than with the X strap. The inner brace showed significantly lower UT muscle activity than those with the X strap and X + 8 straps and significantly greater LT muscle activity than that with the X + 8 strap. These results show underwear-mounted braces as a potential RSP solution, but long-term sustainability and improving comfort, especially for those concerned about appearance, require further research and development.

Comparison of Knee Push-up Plus Exercise Versus Knee Push-up Plus Exercise with Isometric Shoulder Extension on Scapular Muscle Activities in Subjects with Rounded Shoulder Posture

Comparison of Knee Push-up Plus Exercise Versus Knee Push-up Plus Exercise with Isometric Shoulder Extension on Scapular Muscle Activities in Subjects with Rounded Shoulder Posture

Correlation between Forward Head Posture, Round Shoulder Posture, and Muscle Activity during the Shoulder Flexion and Abduction Task

Correlation between Forward Head Posture, Round Shoulder Posture, and Muscle Activity during the Shoulder Flexion and Abduction Task

The Effect of Neck and Shoulder Stabilization Exercises Using Slings on Posture of Women in Their 20s with Round Shoulder and Forward Head Posture

The Effect of Neck and Shoulder Stabilization Exercises Using Slings on Posture of Women in Their 20s with Round Shoulder and Forward Head Posture

Effects of Using a Shoulder/Scapular Brace on the Posture and Muscle Activity of Healthy University Students during Prolonged Typing-A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial.

Laptop use appears to contribute to poor working postures and neck pain among university students. Postural braces have the potential to improve upper back/neck posture and therefore might have a role as an ergonomic aid for this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the short-term effects of scapular bracing on pain, fatigue, cervicothoracic posture, and the activity of the neck and upper-back muscles in healthy college students. A randomized controlled crossover trial was conducted to evaluate the self-reported pain and fatigue, the amplitude and median frequency of surface electromyography in neck extensors, upper trapezius, and lower trapezius, as well as the neck and shoulder sagittal alignment (measured by inertial sensors and digital photographs) during a 30-min typing task in a sample of young, healthy university students with or without a scapular brace. The brace condition resulted in significantly smaller levels of bilateral trapezius muscle activity (p < 0.01). Rounded shoulder posture was slightly better in the brace condition, but these differences were not significant (p > 0.05). There were no significant immediate differences in pain or fatigue scores, neck alignment, or the electromyographic activity of the other muscles tested between brace and non-brace conditions (all p > 0.05). However, bracing appears to immediately reduce the electromyographic activity of the lower trapezius muscles (p < 0.05). These findings shed some light on the possible advantages of scapular bracing for enhancing laptop ergonomics in this group of individuals. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the effects of different types of braces, the importance of matching the brace to the user, and the short- and long-term effects of brace use on computer posture and muscle activity.

Effect of scapular strengthening exercises on rounded shoulder and neck disability among college students of Delhi NCR

Abstract As a result of COVID-19 illness epidemic, a worldwide health emergency has been proclaimed. The educational sector, whose old systems have been replaced by online educational systems, was particularly impacted by the state of lockdown. Prolonged and frequent sitting in front of monitors, which, by maintaining the same posture for an extended period of time, causes cumulative trauma disorder. The purpose was to evaluate effect of four-week scapular strengthening exercises on neck disability and scapular position in subjects with rounded shoulders. In this experimental study, 30 college students between ages of 18 and 22 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups, the Experimental group and the Control group, each having 15 participants. The experimental group received scapular strengthening exercises along with conventional treatment whereas the control group received conventional treatment only. Over the course of four weeks, both groups received training sessions three times a week. The neck impairment and scapular position were assessed before and after intervention. Both groups had made considerable improvements, although the experimental group experienced less pain and had a better scapular posture than the control group. Results demonstrated that the experimental group outperformed the control group statistically in terms of improvement in neck disability and rounded shoulder posture.