Rounds Of Screening Research Articles

The Screening Tomosynthesis Trial with Advanced Reader Methods (STREAM): design and rationale of a population-based breast cancer screening trial.

It is uncertain what the effects of introducing digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in the Dutch breast cancer screening programme would be on detection, recall, and interval cancers (ICs), while reading times are expected to increase. Therefore, an investigation into the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of DBT screening while optimising reading is required. The Screening Tomosynthesis trial with advanced REAding Methods (STREAM) aims to include 17,275 women (age 50-72 years) eligible for breast cancer screening in the Netherlands for two biennial DBT screening rounds to determine the short-, medium-, and long-term effects and acceptability of DBT screening and identify an optimised strategy for reading DBT. The control group will consist of 86,400 women selected from the database of the Dutch breast cancer screening programme screened with digital mammography. The intervention group will undergo DBT examinations only. Four different reading strategies will be evaluated on a subset of first-round screening exams. These four strategies will also be evaluated combined with replacing one of the two readers with AI predictions. The Microsimulation Screening Analysis (MISCAN)-Breast model will be used to estimate the long-term outcomes of DBT screening assuming the best-performing reading method. The primary outcome measure is the IC and advanced cancer rate at the second round (combined endpoint) in the DBT group compared to the control group. Secondary outcome measures are participation, recall and detection rates, positive predictive value, acceptability, reading method with the best case-based area under the curve and reading time, predicted breast cancer mortality, number of cancers overdiagnosed, and cost-effectiveness. Question The short-, medium-, and long-term effects of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)imaging in the Dutch breast cancer screening programme are unknown, but essential to decide about implementation. Findings This protocol paper describes the primary endpoint of the STREAM trial: the combined interval and advanced cancer detection rate at the second DBT round. Clinical relevance The STREAM trial is a prospective, non-randomised, population-based study in the Dutch breast cancer screening programme, that aims to evaluate the effects and acceptability of two rounds of DBT screening to determine if DBT can enhance the programme's outcomes.

Risk Factors Influencing Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients With Late-Life Depression: A Scoping Review.

In recent years, cognitive impairment has emerged as a pivotal symptom in elderly patients with depression, exerting a substantial impact on the course and prognosis of diseases. Moreover, it persists even following remission from depression during the rehabilitation period. However, there remains an incomplete understanding of the relevant influencing factors for cognitive impairment in elderly depressed patients, which seriously impedes the development of risk prediction models and the subsequent research on precision intervention programs. The purpose of this study is to examine the current state of negative influencing factors and assessment tools for cognitive impairment in patients with late-life depression (LLD), thereby providing a theoretical framework for the construction of subsequent targeted intervention programs. The search strategy employed in this study followed an evidence-based approach, utilizing a systematic scoping review to thoroughly explore six English and four Chinese databases up until November 2023. Two researchers independently conducted article screening and employed thematic analysis to categorize the results into themes. Following two rounds of rigorous screening conducted by the evidence-based research team, data were meticulously extracted and succinctly summarized from five distinct themes encompassing socio-demographic, physiological, psychological, genetic, and other related factors. In addition, a comprehensive compilation of 19 diverse assessment tools was undertaken. Ultimately, a total of 22 articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this study. These comprised five longitudinal studies, nine pathological controlled studies, five cross-sectional studies, two cohort studies, and one randomized controlled study. Cognitive dysfunction is an important symptom of LLD, which seriously affects the survival of patients. At present, the research on its influencing factors mainly includes socio-demographic, physiological, psychological, genetic, and other related factors. There have been existing cognitive function assessment tools specifically for those 18- to 65-year-old patients of major depressive disorder, but there is still a lack of reliability and validity tests in LLD.

Does access to prior mammograms improve the performance of radiographers in interpreting screening mammograms?

The impact of previous screening mammograms on radiographers' performance in mammography interpretation is unknown. This study assesses the impact that previous screening mammograms has on radiographers' interpretation of mammograms. Thirteen Australian radiographers working for the national breast screening service independently interpreted a mammography test-set containing mammograms of 28 women based on the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists' classification. Twelve radiographers completed the "No prior test-set" (no previous mammograms available) while one radiographer completed the "Prior test-set" (most current screening mammograms with access to previous mammograms) in the first reading session. In the second reading session, 12 radiographers completed the "Prior test-set" and one radiographer completed the "No prior test-set". Their performance with and without previous mammograms were calculated and compared. The availability of prior mammograms significantly improved specificity [81(range:58-95) vs. 60(range:37-79); p=0.002], ROC [91(range:80-99) vs. 82 (range:57-91); p=0.003], and JAFROC 87(range:73-99) vs. 79 (range:52-91); p=0.01]. Prior mammograms also significantly reduced false positives (p=0.002). No differences were observed between readings with and without previous mammograms in terms of sensitivity (p=0.70) and lesion sensitivity (p=0.82). Years qualified as a radiographer did not modify the influence of previous mammograms on specificity, ROC, and false positives. Years specialised as breast radiographer slightly modified the influence of previous mammograms in radiographers with ≥25 years of experience but not those with <25 years of experience as breast radiographers. The availability of previous screening mammograms improves radiographers' ability to discriminate between normal and abnormal mammograms and reduce the false positive rate without affecting the detection of breast cancer. The findings highlight the need for practices to store screening mammograms and for radiographers to actively refer to previous screening mammograms when interpreting mammograms from the current screening round. It also highlights the need for policies to establish a national accessible mammographic database platform for integrated clinics and to account for population mobility across states.

The Analysis Study of Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma : A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of liver cancer, and its incidence and mortality have been steadily increasing in recent decades. Numerous studies have shown that individuals with type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop HCC. This systematic review aims to evaluate the association regarding the role of diabetes in the development and progression of HCC based on literatures of the last decade. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2014 to 2024. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: T2DM is a significant risk factor for HCC, especially with metabolic comorbidities. GLP-1RAs show promise in reducing this risk. Public health interventions are needed to improve diabetes management, and further research is essential to validate and explore these findings.

The effects of aerobic exercise on 24-hour mean blood glucose levels measured by continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis

PurposeTo examine the effects of structured aerobic exercise on 24-hour mean blood glucose outcomes assessed by continuous glucose monitors in adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe study established specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and conducted a comprehensive search across five databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and EBSCOhost from the start year of each database’s coverage to 22 July 2024. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook 5.1 guidelines. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 to determine effect sizes, conduct sensitivity analyses, assess potential biases, and perform subgroup analyses.ResultsA total of 1,034 articles were retrieved, and after 4 rounds of screening, 13 articles were finally selected for meta-analysis. The study included 626 participants (30% female; mean ± SD: age, 59.4 ± 6.4 years; BMI, 29.61 ± 2.24 kg/m2), including 330 in the experimental group and 296 in the control group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise can improve the 24-hour mean blood glucose in patients with T2DM (d = −0.65, 95% CI: −0.75 to −0.55, p &amp;lt; 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that moderate-intensity and high-intensity aerobic exercise can improve the 24-hour mean blood glucose in patients with T2DM (d = −0.71, 95% CI: −0.81 to −0.60, p &amp;lt; 0.05), (d = −0.60, 95% CI: −0.98 to −0.22, p &amp;lt; 0.05). Also, 20–40 min and 40–60 min of aerobic exercise per session can improve the 24-hour average blood glucose in patients with T2DM (d = −0.75, 95% CI: −0.91 to −0.59, p &amp;lt; 0.05), (d = −0.59, 95% CI: −0.71 to −0.46, p &amp;lt; 0.05). Aerobic exercise can improve the 24-hour mean blood glucose in patients with T2DM who have a body mass index (BMI) between 29 and 30 kg/m2, as well as those with a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 (d = −0.65, 95% CI: −0.94 to −0.36, p &amp;lt; 0.05), (d = −0.76, 95% CI: −0.87 to −0.64, p &amp;lt; 0.05).ConclusionAerobic exercise can improve the 24-hour mean blood glucose in patients with T2DM. Additionally, 20–60 min of aerobic exercise with moderate intensity, and high intensity can improve the 24-hour mean blood glucose in patients with T2DM who have a BMI greater than 29 kg/m2.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifer PROSPERO CRD42024590812

Mapping evidence on the regulations affecting accessibility, availability and management of snake antivenom globally: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionSnakebite envenomation has been declared a neglected tropical disease by the WHO since 2017. The disease is endemic in affected areas due to the lack of availability and access to...

Cancers not detected in one-view breast tomosynthesis screening-characteristics and reasons for non-detection.

Limited understanding exists regarding non-detected cancers in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening. This study aims to classify non-detected cancers into true or false negatives, compare them with true positives, and analyze reasons for non-detection. Conducted between 2010 and 2015, the prospective single-center Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial (MBTST) compared one-view DBT and two-view digital mammography (DM). Cancers not detected by DBT, i.e., interval cancers, those detected in the next screening round, and those only identified by DM, underwent a retrospective informed review by in total four breast radiologists. Reviewers classified cancers into true negative, false negative, or non-visible based on both DBT and DM findings and assessed radiographic appearances at screening and diagnosis, breast density, and reasons for non-detection. Statistics included the Pearson X2 test. In total, 89 cancers were not detected with DBT in the MBTST; eight cancers were solely in the DM reading mode, 59 during subsequent DM screening rounds, and 22 interval cancers. The proportion of cancers classified as false negative was 25% (22/89) based on DBT, compared with 18% (14/81) based on DM screening. The primary reason for false negatives was normal-appearing density, 50% (11/22). False negatives exhibited lower rates of high breast density, 36% (8/22), compared with true positives, 61% (78/129), p = 0.04, and spiculated densities were less frequent in false negatives, 41% (9/22) compared with true positives, 68% (88/129), p = 0.01. False negatives in one-view DBT screening commonly presented with spiculated features, but less frequently than true positives, and were missed or misinterpreted due to benign appearances. Question Cancers not detected in digital breast tomosynthesis screening, including false negatives, remain partly unexplored. Findings The most common reason behind false-negative cancers in a large screening trial was a normal-appearing density. Clinical relevance Recognizing the factors contributing to false negative findings in digital breast tomosynthesis screening is essential to further improve cancer detection.

Coronary calcium score and emphysema extent on different CT radiation dose protocols in lung cancer screening.

To assess the consistency of automated measurements of coronary artery calcification (CAC) burden and emphysema extent on computed tomography (CT) images acquired with different radiation dose protocols in a lung cancer screening (LCS) population. The patient cohort comprised 361 consecutive screenees who underwent a low-dose CT (LDCT) scan and an ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT) scan at an incident screening round. Exclusion criteria for CAC measurements were software failure and previous history of CVD, including coronary stenting, whereas for emphysema assessment, software failure only. CT images were retrospectively analyzed by a fully automated AI software for CAC scoring, using three predefined Agatston score categories (0-99, 100-399, and ≥ 400), and emphysema quantification, using the percentage of low attenuation areas (%LAA). Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the written questionnaire completed by each participant at the first visit. Agreement for CAC and %LAA categories was measured by the k-Cohen Index with Fleiss-Cohen weights (Kw) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). An overlap of CAC strata was observed in 275/327 (84%) volunteers, with an almost perfect agreement (Kw = 0.86, 95% CI 0.82-0.90; ICC = 0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.90), while an overlap of %LAA strata was found in 204/356 (57%) volunteers, with a moderate agreement (Kw = 0.57, 95% CI 0.51-0.63; ICC = 0.57, 95% CI 0.21-0.75). Automated CAC quantification on ULDCT seems feasible, showing similar results to those obtained on LDCT, while the quantification of emphysema tended to be overestimated on ULDCT images. Question Evidence demonstrating that coronary artery calcification and emphysema can be automatedly quantified on ultra-low-dose chest CT is still awaited. Findings Coronary artery calcification and emphysema measurements were similar among different CT radiation dose protocols; their automated quantification is feasible on ultra-low-dose CT. Clinical relevance Ultra-low-dose CT-based LCS might offer an opportunity to improve the secondary prevention of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases through automated quantification of both CAC burden and emphysema extent.

Interval cancer risk after the upper age limit of screening has been reached: Informing risk stratification in FIT-based colorectal cancer screening.

Upper age limits are currently fixed for all fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs. A risk-stratified upper age limit may be beneficial. Therefore, we assessed differences in interval CRC risk among individuals who had reached the upper age limit of screening (75 years). Individuals with a negative FIT (<47 μg Hb/g feces) in the final round of the Dutch CRC screening program were selected from the national screening database and linked to the national cancer registry to identify CRCs diagnosed within 24 months (interval CRCs). Survival analyses assessed whether sex and last fecal hemoglobin (f-Hb) concentration were associated with interval CRC risk. A multivariable logistic regression assessed whether sex, last f-Hb concentration and screening round were associated with stage distribution (early vs. late). Last f-Hb concentrations were considered detectable when they were >0 μg Hb/g feces. Among 305,761 individuals with a complete follow-up (24 months), 661 were diagnosed with interval CRC (21.6 per 10,000 negative FITs). Individuals with detectable f-Hb (15%) were 5 times more likely to be diagnosed with interval CRC than those without (HR 4.87, 95%CI: 4.19-5.65). Moreover, their cancers were more often detected at a late stage compared to individuals without detectable f-Hb (OR 1.45, 95%CI: 1.06-2.01). Our results show that interval CRC risk among individuals aged ≥75 differs substantially by last f-Hb concentration, indicating a uniform age to stop screening is suboptimal. Future research, taking into account multiple screening rounds and FIT results, should determine the optimal risk-stratified screening strategy.

The Analysis Study of Surgical Management, Outcome, Recovery and Complication of Haemorrhoid : A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Despite its prevalence, hemorrhoidal disease remains a major challenge for healthcare systems, often requiring significant resources to manage and treat effectively. This systematic review examines the surgical management of hemorrhoids, focusing on patient outcomes, recovery, and complications based on literature from the past decade. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2014 to 2024. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: Hemorrhoid management offers various surgical options, including SPH, THD, and hemorrhoidal embolization, each providing quicker recovery and reduced pain. Traditional excisional surgery remains the gold standard for long-term outcomes, with pain management strategies enhancing recovery and patient satisfaction.

The Analysis Study of Surgical Approaches and Outcome in Living Donor Nephrectomy: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: The shortage of deceased donor kidneys has led to a significant increase in the use of living donor kidneys for transplantation. Since the first successful living donor nephrectomy in the 1950s, surgical techniques have advanced considerably, evolving from open donor nephrectomy (ODN) to more refined minimally invasive procedures. This systematic review aims to compare the various surgical techniques for living donor nephrectomy and their outcomes. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2014 to 2024. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: LDN and other minimally invasive techniques, such as RDN and robot-assisted nephrectomy, offer advantages in recovery time and reduced complications. However, each method has unique strengths and considerations. The choice of approach should depend on donor anatomy, surgeon expertise, and institutional resources.

The Analysis Study of Safety and Outcome of Ureteroscopy During Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Symptomatic urolithiasis in pregnancy can result in significant morbidity, causing conditions such as renal colic, urinary tract infections, and ureteral obstruction. This systematic review aim to analyze the safety and outcomes of uretrhoscopy for pregnant women. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2014 to 2024. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: Ureteroscopy is a safe, effective, and cost-efficient treatment for ureteral calculi during pregnancy. Early intervention minimizes complications, and URS remains a successful option for managing obstructive uropathy. Future research should optimize protocols and assess long-term outcomes for improved care.

The Analysis Study of Effectiveness and Complication of Propofol for Anesthesia: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Propofol has become one of the most widely used anesthetic agents worldwide, known for its rapid onset and quick recovery profile. This systematic review aims to analyze propofol’s effectiveness and complications in anesthesia practice based on literature from the past decade. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2014 to 2024. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: Propofol is a versatile and effective anesthetic, improving procedural efficiency, reducing PONV, and enhancing cancer surgery survival. However, challenges like hypotension and immune suppression require attention. Further research is needed to refine its use, dosing, and long-term effects.

Role of Technology in Recruitment and Selection

This research examines the role of technology in the recruitment and selection process at Jayaswal Neco Industries Ltd., focusing on how technological advancements enhance efficiency in attracting, screening, selecting, and on boarding top talent. The process begins with a detailed workforce needs analysis, followed by the creation of job descriptions and candidate profiles. The company uses a mix of internal and external recruitment strategies, including job portals, campus recruitment, employee referrals, and professional networks, to ensure a diverse talent pool. The selection process is rigorous and multi-stage, involving resume screening, technical assessments, and multiple interview rounds, all designed to assess both technical skills and cultural fit. The organization prioritizes fairness and transparency, using standardized evaluation tools to minimize bias. The goal is to attract individuals who not only meet job requirements but also have the potential for long-term growth, supporting the company’s success and competitive edge.

Enhancing Drug Discovery through Iterative Screening and Advanced Computational Analysis of Notch3 R90C Mutations

Being the leading cause of death and disability in China, stroke encompasses a number of risk factors, one of them being genetic mutations. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most prevalent genetically induced stroke. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing iterative screening rounds to identify potential drug candidates that effectively target the Notch3 R90C mutant protein associated with CADASIL. Through multiple rounds of molecular docking using AutoDock Vina and structural predictions by AlphaFold, we systematically narrowed down a large set of small molecules from the DrugBank database to identify those with the highest binding affinities. The research highlights the effectiveness of leveraging structural data and hierarchical clustering in refining the selection process, ultimately enhancing the precision in identifying promising therapeutic agents.

Costs of colorectal cancer screening in Sweden: an observational, longitudinal cost description

ObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes have been implemented worldwide, but the evidence of the economic consequences of screening programmes relies on data from short-term trials. The aim of this paper...

The Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic with the Uptake of Colorectal Cancer Screening Varies by Socioeconomic Status in Flanders, Belgium.

To assess the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with an uptake rate and screening interval between two screening rounds in colorectal cancer screening program (CRCSP) and identify the disproportionate correlation of socioeconomic status (SES) factors. An analysis was performed on aggregated screening and SES data at the area level in Flanders, Belgium, during 2018-2022. The screening uptake rate was the percentage of people returning self-test results within 40 days after invitation, and the screening interval was the number of days between current and previous screening. Differences in uptake rate and screening interval before and during COVID-19 were categorized into 10 quantiles, and determinants were evaluated using quantile regression models. Significant change was seen from March to August 2020. The areas with the greatest decrease in uptake rate and screening interval had low population density, and areas with the greatest increase in screening interval had the highest income and percentage of home ownership. In regression analysis, more people living alone (β = -0.09), lower income (β = 0.10), and a higher percentage of home ownership (β = -0.06) were associated with a greater decrease in uptake rate. Areas with lower population density (β = -0.75), fewer people of Belgian nationality (β = -0.11), and higher income (β = 0.42) showed greater increases in screening interval. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people in areas with low SES were less likely to participate in screening, whereas people in areas with high SES were more likely to delay participation. A tailored invitation highlighting benefits of CRCSP is needed for people with low SES to improve uptake. Timely warnings could help people who delay participation adhere to screening intervals.

Identification of SLC35A1 as an essential host factor for the transduction of multi-serotype recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors.

We conducted a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen in suspension 293 F cells transduced with rAAV5. The highly selected genes revealed after two rounds of screening included the previously reported KIAA0319L, TM9SF2, and RNF121, along with a cluster of genes involved in glycan biogenesis, Golgi apparatus localization, and endoplasmic reticulum penetration. In this report, we focused on solute carrier family 35 member A1 (SLC35A1), a Golgi apparatus-localized cytidine 5'-monophosphate-sialic acid (CMP-SIA) transporter. We confirmed that SLC35A1 knockout (KO) significantly decreased rAAV5 transduction to a level lower than that observed in KIAA0319L or TM9SF2 KO cells. Although SLC35A1 KO drastically reduced the expression of α2,6-linked SIA on the cell surface, the expression of α2,3-linked SIA, as well as the cell binding and internalization of rAAV5, was only moderately affected. Moreover, SLC35A1 KO significantly diminished the transduction of AAV multi-serotypes, including rAAV2 and rAAV3, which do not utilize SIAs for primary attachment. Notably, the SLC35A1 KO markedly increased transduction of rAAV9 and rAAV11, which primarily attach to cells via binding to galactose. Further analyses revealed that SLC35A1 KO significantly decreased vector nuclear import. More importantly, although the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail deletion (∆C Tail) mutant of SLC35A1 did not drastically decrease SIA expression, it significantly decreased rAAV transduction, as well as vector nuclear import, suggesting that the C-tail is critical in these processes. Furthermore, the T128A mutant significantly decreased SIA expression but still supported rAAV transduction and nuclear import. These findings highlight the involvement of the CMP-SIA transporter in the intracellular trafficking of rAAV vectors post-internalization.IMPORTANCErAAV is an essential tool for gene delivery in the treatment of genetic disorders; however, the mechanisms of rAAV transduction remain partially understood. GPR108 is vital for the transduction of most rAAV vectors, but not for rAAV5. We aimed to identify host factors that impact AAV5 transduction akin to GPR108. Using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen in 293 F cells, we identified SLC35A1, a Golgi apparatus-localized CMP-sialic acid transporter that transports CMP-sialic acid from the cytoplasm into the Golgi apparatus for sialylation, is essential to rAAV transduction. Further studies across various AAV serotypes showed SLC35A1 significantly affects vector nuclear import post-internalization. These results underscore the crucial role of SLC35A1 in intracellular trafficking beyond the initial cell attachment of rAAV.

The Analysis Study of High-intensity Focused Ultrasound in Management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) refers to a group of abnormal placental invasion disorders involving the uterine wall. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) has emerged as a promising non-invasive treatment modality for PAS. This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes associated with HIFU in the management of PAS. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2014 to 2024. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: HIFU offers a promising, non-invasive alternative for managing Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS), preserving fertility, minimizing complications, and ensuring positive outcomes. While further research is needed, it could become a standard treatment option in obstetrics and gynecology.

Clonal Variant Analysis of Antibody Engineering Libraries.

In vitro antibody evolution is a powerful technique for improving monoclonal antibodies. This can be achieved by generating artificial diversity on an antibody template, which can be done using different in vitro diversification techniques. The resulting libraries consist of single- or multimutant variants of a defined antibody template that are screened for improved function using antibody display. Here, we describe a bioinformatic protocol for tracking synthetic antibody variants using high-throughput sequencing across screening rounds, enabling efficient high-throughput interpretation of the function of individual mutations in sorted antibody display libraries. The protocol enables a user to achieve precision analysis and interpretation of clonal antibody variant data for discovery purposes, especially for high-throughput antibody engineering or optimization against target antigens.