Round Circle Research Articles

First Report of Pantoea agglomerans Causing Leaf Blight on Schisandra chinensis in China.

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill is a perennial liana, which is widely cultivated and used in China. In August 2022, Schisandra chinensis leaves with small light brown spots were found on plants growing in Fusong (127°28'E, 42°33'N) of China. There was 15% disease incidence and 50% disease severity of Schisandra chinensis in 2-ha fields of S. chinensis. As the disease progressed, the spots become darker and form round or irregular concentric circles. Leaves with brown spot symptoms were collected from the field. Leaf pieces (5 mm × 5 mm) were excised from lesion margins, surface disinfected with 75% ethanol for 1 min, followed by 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, and incubated on Luria Bertani (LB) solid medium at 28°C for 24 hours. Eight cultures were isolated, and representative single colony (XWWZH) was selected from the pure cultures according to colony characteristics for observation The purified colonies were round, yellow, and slimy, cells were straight rod-shaped (0.40 to 0.52 × 1.12 to 1.69 µm) were observed. The isolate was Gram negative. It was positive for methyl red reaction, lysine decarboxylase reaction, gelatin hydrolysis reactionand sucrose utilization. It was negative for indole reaction and produced H2S. The bacterium was preliminarily identified as Pantoea agglomerans based on morphological and biochemical tests (Baird et al. 2007). The 16S rDNA and a portion of rpoB of strain XWWZH were amplified and sequenced. The sequences were submitted to GenBank. (Accession OP763753 and OQ813505, respectively). Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the 16S rDNA and rpoB gene sequences. The sequences of strain XWWZH clustered with strains P. agglomerans deposited in GenBank. The pathogenicity was verified with non-wounded S. chinensis seedlings by punching holes with sterile needles and injecting a solution of 1 × 108 CFU/ml solution. Sterile ddH2O was injected in the control experiment. The inoculated seedlings were incubated in a greenhouse at 25°C with a relative humidity of 65 to 70%. Five to eight days after inoculation, inoculated leaves, exhibited symptoms which were morphologically identical to those of the originally infected leaves whereas control plants remained asymptomatic. The pathogenicity assays were repeated twice with the same results. The re-isolated pathogen had the same morphology and DNA sequences as the original isolate obtained from the field samples, completing Koch's postulates. Strains of P. agglomerans have been reported to severely infect many plants (Ren et al.2008; Lee et al. 2010; Yang et al. 2011; Guo et al. 2019; Gao et al, 2022), but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a strain of P. agglomerans causing leaf blight on Schisandra chinensis in China. The identification of leaf blight caused by P. agglomerans will enable farmers to prevent and manage it ahead of time to reduce losses.

Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Tenaga Kefarmasian Tentang Penyerahan Obat Keras Tanpa Resep Dokter di Apotek Desa Waimital

Introduction Hard drugs are drugs that have hard properties and if used carelessly or not according to the rules, can cause dangerous side effects and even poison the body, aggravate the disease, trigger the emergence of other diseases, to cause damage to body organs and death. Hard drugs are drugs that can only be obtained by prescription. Its characteristics are marked with a red round circle with a black border with the letter K in the middle that touches the border. This drug should only be sold in pharmacies and must be prescribed by a doctor at the time of buying it. While Mandatory Pharmacy Drugs (OWA) are some hard drugs that can be submitted without a doctor's prescription, but must be submitted by a Pharmacist at the pharmacy. This research method uses qualitative descriptive research design. What was used was total sampling with the measuring instrument used, namely a questionnaire with the number of samples being 15 respondents who became pharmaceutical personnel at the pharmacy. The results of the study showed that for the variable level of knowledge of pharmaceutical personnel with good categories amounted to 12 respondents with a percentage (80.0%) and enough 3 respondents with a percentage (20.0%), Kesimplant from the results of the level of knowledge of pharmaceutical personnel at pharmacies Waimital Village, Kairatu District, West Seram was good because pharmaceutical personnel knew information about hard drugs without a prescription and it was known that the pharmacist profession and the pharmacist assistant have the same level of understanding.

Stability of surfaces with constant mean curvature bounded by two coaxial circles

Consider two coaxial round circles with the same radius. A mathematical model of a tiny liquid drop trapped between them are constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces because a CMC surface is a critical point of the area for all variations that preserve the enclosed volume and satisfy given boundary condition. A CMC surface is said to be stable if the second variation of the area for any such variation is nonnegative. In this paper, we judge the stability of one period of the so-called unduloid between two consecutive bulges rigorously for the first time.

The evolution of area-preserving and length-preserving inverse curvature flows for immersed locally convex closed plane curves

In this paper, we study an area-preserving inverse curvature flow and a length-preserving inverse curvature flow for immersed locally convex closed plane curves with rotation number m∈N+. The global-in-time flows are shown to converge smoothly to m-fold round circles as time goes to infinity. The sufficient conditions on initial curve are also found to guarantee the occurrence of the flow's singularity at finite time.

Hayward Quasilocal Energy of Tori

In this paper, the authors show that one cannot dream of the positivity of the Hayward energy in the general situation. They consider a scenario of a spherically symmetric constant density star matched to the Schwarzschild solution, representing momentarily static initial data. It is proved that any topological tori within the star, distorted or not, have strictly positive Hayward energy. Surprisingly we find analytic examples of ‘thin’ tori with negative Hayward energy in the outer neighborhood of the Schwarzschild horizon. These tori are swept out by rotating the standard round circles in the static coordinates but they are distorted in the isotropic coordinates. Numerical results also indicate that there exist horizontally dragged tori with strictly negative Hayward energy in the region between the boundary of the star and the Schwarzschild horizon.

Short-term extreme mooring loads prediction and fatigue damage evaluation for station-keeping trials in ice

Full-scale tests of station-keeping trials (SKT) in drifting ice were conducted as part of research activities undertaken by the company Equinor in the Bay of Bothnia in March 2017. In the SKT project, Magne Viking was employed as a moored supply vessel in order to measure the real-time loading during the full-scale tests. At the same time, Tor Viking was served as an ice breaker to maintain the physical ice management activities with different physical schemes i.e., the square updrift pattern, the round circle pattern, the circular updrift pattern and the linear updrift pattern. In this work, the ice resistance method is adopted to estimate the ice load during the full-scale experiment of station-keeping vessel in drifting ice. Extreme mooring loads and accumulated fatigue damage corresponding to different ice management schemes are considered based on the full-scale measurements. As a result, the ice resistance method can be directly applied to predict the (undisturbed) mooring loads for station-keeping of ships in ice without being influenced by the effect of different ice management operations. Moreover, for estimation of the statistical properties of the extreme mooring load, the block maxima method, the peaks-over-threshold method, and the ACER method are applied for each of the ice management schemes. It is observed that predictions of the extreme mooring loads by the adopted procedures deviate by around twenty percent. Regarding the efficiency of the ice management schemes, it is assessed that the circular updrift pattern provides the best result. Furthermore, the Rainflow counting procedure are applied to evaluate the fatigue damage of the mooring line for the difference ice management schemes. Regarding the degree of fatigue degradation, application of the circular updrift pattern for the purpose of ice management is seen to imply the lowest damage level.

A Length-Constrained Ideal Curve Flow

Abstract A recent article [1] considered the so-called ‘ideal curve flow’, a sixth-order curvature flow that seeks to deform closed planar curves to curves with least variation of total geodesic curvature in the L2 sense. It was critical in the analysis in that article that there was a length bound on the evolving curves. It is natural to suspect therefore that the length-constrained ideal curve flow should permit a more straightforward analysis, at least in the case of small initial ‘energy’. In this article we show this is indeed the case, with suitable initial data providing a flow that exists for all time and converges smoothly and exponentially to a multiply-covered round circle of the same length and winding number as the initial curve.

On an inverse curvature flow in two-dimensional space forms

We study the evolution of compact convex curves in two-dimensional space forms. The normal speed is given by the difference of the weighted inverse curvature with the support function, and in the case where the ambient space is the Euclidean plane, is equivalent to the standard inverse curvature flow. We prove that solutions exist for all time and converge exponentially fast in the smooth topology to a standard round geodesic circle. This has a number of consequences: first, to prove the isoperimetric inequality; second, to establish a range of weighted geometric inequalities; and third, to give a counterexample to the $$n=2$$ case of a conjecture of Girão–Pinheiro.

Coupled material point Lattice Boltzmann method for modeling fluid–structure interactions with large deformations

Fluid–structure interactions (FSI) are very common in many natural processes and engineering applications. However, modeling FSI with large structural deformations and turbulence flows under high Reynolds number (Re) is still a challenging task. Here, we present a hybrid 3D model that combines the advantages of Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) in solving complex flow problems and the capability of Material Point Method (MPM) in handling large structural deformations. A sharp interface coupling scheme is presented in detail and a LES sub-grid model is adapted for turbulent flows. The structure solver is validated by comparing with Euler beam theory and the fluid solver is tested for fluid round circle and cube obstacles under a large range of Re. The coupled model is validated by simulations of a flexible plate deformation in shear flows. Good agreements are found comparing with experimental results. Finally some applications of importing realistic geometries from Computer Assisted Design (CAD) software, are shown to demonstrate the future applications of the method.

Quasisymmetric uniformization and Hausdorff dimensions of Cantor circle Julia sets

For Cantor circle Julia sets of hyperbolic rational maps, we prove that they are quasisymmetrically equivalent to standard Cantor circles (i.e., connected components are round circles). This gives a quasisymmetric uniformization of all Cantor circle Julia sets of hyperbolic rational maps. By analyzing the combinatorial information of the rational maps whose Julia sets are Cantor circles, we give a computational formula of the number of the Cantor circle hyperbolic components in the moduli space of rational maps for any fixed degree. We calculate the Hausdorff dimensions of the Julia sets which are Cantor circles, and prove that for any Cantor circle hyperbolic component $\mathcal{H}$ in the space of rational maps, the infimum of the Hausdorff dimensions of the Julia sets of the maps in $\mathcal{H}$ is equal to the conformal dimension of the Julia set of any representative $f_0\in\mathcal{H}$, and that the supremum of the Hausdorff dimensions is equal to $2$.

Crash

Crash Jesse Lee Kercheval (bio) It is 1966 and I am sitting on a stool at the Burger King on Merritt Island, Florida, eating French fries. My view is Highway 520 and the cars speeding up to the rare stoplight just beyond where I sit. My father, my sister, and I have been to Cocoa Beach to swim and are on our way home. I always beg to stop at the Burger King. I am always famished after swimming and there is nowhere to eat on the beach. Also, we are not a fast food family so this is a treat, something my mother, who never goes to the beach, does not know about. I love how, after being at the beach, the French fries taste doubly salty. Then a station wagon with a surfboard on top smacks into the rear end of a long, low convertible with its top down, which is stopped for the red light. There is a tremendous noise. I feel it in my body, metal on metal, and the surfboard goes flying off the top of the station wagon, through the air. It decapitates the driver of the convertible. Just like that. I remember this. I can close my eyes and feel that metal on metal in my body. Right now, I am living in an apartment in Montevideo, Uruguay, where a side street, Joaquin de Salteraín, crosses the busy Bulevar España. The nearest light is several blocks away, over a hill. There are terrible accidents at this intersection. I hear them. Brakes squealing, glass breaking, that awful remembered metal on metal. Cars flip. Suitcases, purses, all kinds of personal belongings are scattered across the pavement. Ambulances arrive. Even now, when there is hardly any traffic because of the coronavirus quarantine, there are accidents. This week a car hit a guy on a Pedidos Ya! delivery bike and the rider went flying. I heard that. I saw that. And I remember the accident in front of the Burger King. What I can't remember is the head. In my memory the head is just a round empty circle, like a speech bubble in a cartoon. It rolls back along the surfboard and then off one side, onto the road on the far side of the car and out of sight. But there is no blood. No hair. No face. Does this mean the accident did not happen? That my memory is a lie? How could I not remember a severed head? How could the head be missing? I can close my eyes and see the surfboard flying forward, gleaming, freshly waxed. I have a good memory of its size, its color. In 1966, it would have been a long board, heavy, with a wicked pointed nose. I look up photos. Like this one, I think. Or this. At least ten feet long, weighing maybe fifty pounds. Enough for [End Page 181] the impact to cut right through a neck and send the head rolling back along the surfboard. But I doubt myself. I have told this story over the years. It is not, as they say, "a story to dine out on." But I have told it. I thought I had written about it in my memoir Space, which covers this very part of my life, starting when I moved to Cocoa in 1966 when I was ten and stretching through all those years spent growing up in the shadow of the space program, of nights lit by rockets to the moon. In my apartment here in Uruguay, I don't have a copy of Space with me, but I use Google search to look inside the book. I search for "car accident." Nothing. I search for "surfboard." I search for "head" and find several mentions, but none of them about ones no longer attached to a body. I search "Burger King." Zip. I could have sworn it was in there. But I published the book in 1998, twenty-two years ago. And the problem with a memoir is it is never big enough to include everything that happened in your life. I know I thought about including it. I remember asking my...

The gradient flow of the Möbius energy : 𝜀-regularity and consequences

In this article we study the gradient flow of the M\"obius energy introduced by O'Hara in 1991. We will show a fundamental $\varepsilon$-regularity result that allows us to bound the infinity norm of all derivatives for some time if the energy is small on a certain scale. This result enables us to characterize the formation of a singularity in terms of concentrations of energy and allows us to construct a blow-up profile at a possible singularity. This solves one of the open problems listed by Zheng-Xu He. Ruling out blow-ups for planar curves, we will prove that the flow transforms every planar curve into a round circle.

Investigation of the motion characteristics for a spring-mounted rotating cylinder in flow

A spring mounted rotating cylinder placed in flow is investigated using a two-dimensional newly improved discrete vortex method at Reynolds number of 105. In this study, the non-dimensional rotation rate, $$\alpha$$ (rate of the cylinder surface velocity and flow velocity), varies from 0 to 16, and the reduced velocity $${\text{Ur}}$$, increases from 1 to 14. The relationship between the wake formation, hydrodynamics, and motion of the cylinder has been illustrated. Three different motions (VIV, reverse direction whirl, and same direction whirl) have been identified and illustrated. The VIV mainly occurs in the cross-flow direction, and it is generated at $$\alpha 3$$. The path of the same direction whirl looks like a slight round circle, and the moving direction is the same as the rotating direction. The frequency of the whirl is higher than that of the VIV at the same rotation rate. The same direction whirl starts from $$\alpha = 8$$ with $${\text{Ur}} = 13$$, and the frequency of this whirl increases with increasing rotation rate. Unlike that of the same direction whirl, the moving direction of the reverse direction whirl is opposite to the rotating direction, and the path of the whirl similarly seems to be a round circle. The reverse direction whirl is generated at $$2 \le \alpha \le 7.5$$. The frequency of the reverse direction whirl decreases with increasing the rotation rate due to the increased effective added mass. The relationship between the effective added mass coefficient and the rotation rate has been interpreted; the effective added mass coefficient remains steady at $$0 \le \alpha \le 1$$ then gradually increases at $$1 < \alpha < 2$$, and finally dramatically increases with increasing rotation rate at $$\alpha \ge 2$$.

Effectiveness of therapeutic groups in psychosocial care: analysis in the light of yalom's therapeutic factors.

to describe professionals' perceptions about the therapeutic effectiveness of group care. a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative research of the type of intervention carried out with 30 professionals from Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs in a municipality in center-westerns Brazil, from March to April 2019. Self-applicable instruments and round circles were used. The emerging data were submitted to content analysis. professionals perceive the benefits of group practices and relate them to some therapeutic factors in the group. It is evident the little formal and systematized knowledge about the group process elements. the therapeutic effectiveness of group processes is compromised due to absence of systematic records that allow to perceive the therapeutic progress of users, even though professionals perceive the emergence of therapeutic factors of the groups in the context of psychosocial care.

심우도 (尋牛圖 )의 일원상(一圓相) -추상성 (抽象性)과 메타포(Metaphor)로서의 일원상(一圓相 )-

심우도 (尋牛圖 )의 일원상(一圓相) -추상성 (抽象性)과 메타포(Metaphor)로서의 일원상(一圓相 )-

Topological Charge Detection Using Generalized Contour-Sum Method from Distorted Donut-Shaped Optical Vortex Beams: Experimental Comparison of Closed Path Determination Methods

A generalized contour-sum method has been proposed to measure the topological charge (TC) of an optical vortex (OV) beam using a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SH-WFS). Moreover, a recent study extended it to be workable for measuring an aberrated OV beam. However, when the OV beam suffers from severe distortion, the closed path for circulation calculation becomes crucial. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of five closed path determination methods, including watershed transformation, maximum average-intensity circle extraction, a combination of watershed transformation and maximum average-intensity circle extraction, and perfectly round circles assignation. In the experiments, we used a phase-only spatial light modulator to generate OV beams and aberrations, while an SH-WFS was used to measure the intensity profile and phase slopes. The results show that when determining the TC values of distorted donut-shaped OV beams, the watershed-transformed maximum average-intensity circle method performed the best, and the maximum average-intensity circle method and the watershed transformation method came second and third, while the worst was the perfect circles assignation method. The discussions that explain our experimental results are also given.

Stability of geometric flows on the circle

In this paper, we prove a general stability result for higher-order geometric flows on the circle, which basically states that if the initial condition is close to a round circle, the curve evolves smoothly and exponentially fast towards a circle (possibly not the one it started close to), and we improve on known convergence rates (which we believe are almost sharp). The polyharmonic flow is an instance of the flows to which our result can be applied. We will also present general families of flows for which our stability result applies.

Nonlocal Flow Driven by the Radius of Curvature with Fixed Curvature Integral

This paper deals with a $$1/\kappa $$-type nonlocal flow for an initial convex closed curve $$\gamma _{0}\subset {\mathbb {R}}^{2}$$ which preserves the convexity and the integral$$\ \int _{X\left( \cdot ,t\right) }\kappa ^{\alpha +1}ds,\ \alpha \in \left( -\infty ,\infty \right) ,$$ of the evolving curve $$X\left( \cdot ,t\right) $$. For$$\ \alpha \in [1,\infty ),\ $$it is proved that this flow exists for all time $$t\in [0,\infty )$$ and $$X(\cdot ,t)$$ converges to a round circle in $$C^{\infty }$$ norm as $$t\rightarrow \infty $$. For $$\alpha \in \left( -\infty ,1\right) $$, a discussion on the possible asymptotic behavior of the flow is also given.

Evolution of closed curves by length-constrained curve diffusion

We show that any initial closed curve suitably close to a circle flows under length-constrained curve diffusion to a round circle in infinite time with exponential convergence. We provide an estimate on the total length of time for which such curves are not strictly convex. We further show that there are no closed translating solutions to the flow and that the only closed rotators are circles.

Gap and rigidity theorems of 𝜆-hypersurfaces

We study λ \lambda -hypersurfaces that are critical points of a Gaussian weighted area functional ∫ Σ e − | x | 2 4 d A \int _{\Sigma } e^{-\frac {|x|^2}{4}}dA for compact variations that preserve weighted volume. First, we prove various gap and rigidity theorems for complete λ \lambda -hypersurfaces in terms of the norm of the second fundamental form | A | |A| . Second, we show that in one dimension, the only smooth complete and embedded λ \lambda -hypersurfaces in R 2 \mathbb {R}^2 with λ ≥ 0 \lambda \geq 0 are lines and round circles. Moreover, we establish a Bernstein-type theorem for λ \lambda -hypersurfaces which states that smooth λ \lambda -hypersurfaces that are entire graphs with polynomial volume growth are hyperplanes. All the results can be viewed as generalizations of results for self-shrinkers.