Rough Passage Research Articles

RESEARCH OF FORM CHANGING IN ROLLING HIGH BODIES ON ROUGHING MILLS

Changing form workpiece in rolling high bodies has its own featuresthat must be taken into account when developing technology. One of the main technological parameters of change form, which largely determines the efficiency of processes, is the rate of spread. Known expressions for the calculation of the spread are obtained for a simple case of rolling, so that for the conditions of rolling high bodies do not provide to determine the spread with acceptable accuracy. Therefore, studies of the peculiarities of changing form during rolling of high bodies remain relevant not only for bloomings, but for rough passages on mills for the manufacture of flat and long products.
 The aim of the work is to study the deformation of the metal, in particular spread, when rolling high bodies in rectangular box gauges.
 To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved in the work: design of experimentfor the study of metal spread using existing laboratory equipment; conducting an experiment, analysis of reproducibility of experiments; obtaining a model of deformation of high bodies taking into account the shape parameter of the deformation zone; comparison of the obtained results with the data of other authors and analysis of the accuracy of the model.
 From the analysis of publications on dependencies for calculation of spread, a rank number of parameters influencing of spread was defined. Of this series, for the conditions of rolling high bodies, the most significant parameters are the parameter of the shape of the deformation zone and the ratio of the initial dimensions of the workpiece. Experimental studies of the effect of these parameters on the spread were performed using a single box pass embedded in the rolls of the laboratory mill 180. For the conditions and size of the caliber, an experiment of dimension 32 was planned and conducted.
 According to the results of the experiment, the dependence for determining the coefficient spread when rolling high bodies in box passes was obtained. The proposed dependence provides a sufficient level of accuracy in determining the spread within the scope and can be used in the development of technology for rolling high bodies.
 From the analysis of the obtained results it is also established that to correctly take into account the effect of limiting the spread of the side walls of box grooves when rolling high bodies, the research area should be spread by supplementing the obtained model with such parameters as ratio depth grooves and stock on spread in the pass.

Rough passage across a barrier

The dynamics of chemical reactions in solution are described by Kramers' theory, but the parameters involved have eluded direct measurement. A study of protein folding reveals how this problem can be overcome. See Letter p.685 The kinetics of chemical reactions in solution are best described by a theory developed by Hendrik Kramers in the 1940s that relates Einstein's work on Brownian motion to rate theory. Until now it has not been possible to measure the parameters predicted by Kramers' theory on small molecules. Now Hoi Sung Chung & William Eaton have monitored photons emitted by single molecules during protein folding, and they find a high contribution of internal friction to the Kramers diffusion coefficient. The researchers' measurements of transition path times for protein folding characterize the Kramers diffusion coefficient and free-energy barrier height for the first time in any system.

Oral feeding with L-Glutamine and Nucleotides: impact on some GALT (gut associated lymphoid tissue) parameters and cell proliferation/death rates in weaning piglets

Dietary supplementation with glutamine and nucleotides may be useful during piglets weaning, when a rough passage from milk suckling to a solid feed may cause a strong reduction of the length of intestinal villi height and the depth of the crypts, and consequently of the intestinal digestive and absorptive capacities (Van Beers-Schreurs et al., 1998). Glutamine stimulates cell proliferation and activates protein kinases, suggesting that it could control the regularly alternating cellular apoptosis/proliferation sequence (Rhoads et al., 2000)...

Editorial: Farewell and Thank You

This issue of Information Technology and Libraries (ITAL), December 2007, marks the end of my term as editor. It has been an honor and a privilege to serve the LITA membership and ITAL readership for the past three years. It has been one of the highlights of my professional career. Editing a quarterly print journal in the field of information technology is an interesting experience. My deadlines for the submission of copy for an issue are approximately three and a half months prior to the beginning of the month in which the issue is published; for example, my deadline for the submission of this issue to ALA Production Services was August 15. Therefore, most articles that can appear in an issue were accepted in final form at least five months before they were published. Some are older; one was a baby at only four months old. When one considers the rate of change in information technologies today, one understands the need for blogs, wikis, lists, and other forms of professional discourse in our field. What role does ITAL play in this rapidly changing environment? For one, unlike these newer forms, it is double-blind refereed. Published articles run a peer review gauntlet. This is an important distinction, not least to the many LITA members who work for academic institutions. It may be crass to state it so baldly, but publication in ITAL can help one earn tenure, an old-fashioned fact of life. It is indexed or abstracted in nineteen published sources, not all of them in English. Many of its articles appear in various digital repositories and archives, and these also are harvested or indexed or both. In addition, its articles are cataloged in WorldCat Local. Many of LITA's most prominent members--your distinguished peers--have published articles in ITAL. The journal also serves as a source for the wider dissemination of sponsored research, a requirement of most grants. And you can read it on the bus or at the beach (heaven forbid!), in the brightest sunlight, or with a flashlight under the covers (though there are no reports of this ever having been observed). I am amazed at how quickly these three years have passed, though that may be at least as much a function of my advanced age as of the fun and pleasure I have had as editor. Certainly, these past three years have hosted some notable landmarks in our history. LITA and ITAL both celebrated their fortieth anniversaries. Sadly, the death of one of LITA's founders and ITAL's first editor, Frederick G. Kilgour, on July 31, 2006, at age ninety-two, was a landmark in the passing of an era. OCLC and RLG's merger, which Fred lived to witness, was a landmark of a different sort--one of maturity, we hope. ITAL is now an electronic as well as a print journal. This conversion has had some rough passages, but I trust these will have been ironed out by the time you read this. When I became editor, I had a number of goals for the journal, which I stated in my first editorial in March 2005. Reading that editorial today, I realize that we successfully accomplished the concrete ones that were most important to me then: increasing the number of articles from library and I-school faculty; increasing the number that result from sponsored research; increasing the number that describe any relevant research or cutting-edge advancements; increasing the number of articles with multiple authors; and finding a model for electronic publication of the journal. …

Book Review: East Timor: a rough passage to independence

Book Review: East Timor: a rough passage to independence

New Labour’s Welfare Reforms: Anything New?

The Labour Government's path to legislative reform of the welfare system has been characterised by internal party dissension, a mauling from both Opposition parties, and repeated defeats in the House of Lords. Two major statutes have been enacted, but with the promise of further modernising reforms to come, tactical considerations in the run-up to a General Election suggest that there may be a lull before the next legislative combat. In the House of Commons the 1999 Welfare Reform and Pensions Bill suffered repeated rebellions from Labour backbenchers, and even though the scale of the revolt declined steadily, from 67 in May to 54 in the final vote in November 1999, risking further difficulties might be considered unwise in the short term of the electoral cycle. Despite many protests, and a background of controversy over the amount of the state retirement pension, the Government refused to back away, and few concessions were made. Having survived one serious battle on welfare reform in 1999, the Government returned for a second round with another controversial set of measures in 2000. Taken together these statutes have made important changes to the social security system, but how far can they be described as a 'New Beveridge?' Both the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999 and the Child Support, Pensions and Social Security Act 2000 are now on the statute book, so it is perhaps a useful moment to reflect on these measures and also to look at their historical context. Alistair Darling, the Secretary of State for Social Security, has repeatedly indicated how welfare reform is central to the Government's whole modernising programme. The aim has been to 'modernise the welfare state so that it meets the modem needs of our country ... I believe our reforms, based on principle and recognising the changes in our society over the past 50 years, will help lay the foundations for a modem welfare state in the 21st century.' In this endeavour, Mr Darling has obviously been following the line promoted by both No. 10 and No. 11 Downing Street. However, the Government's 'big agenda for change and reform' has certainly had a rough passage so far. The Prime Minister has repeatedly declared that 'Welfare reform goes to the heart of what Labour stands for. It is the issue on which our government will be judged'.2

:Women As Mothers in Pre-Industrial England: Essays in Memory of Dorothy McLaren

1. The construction and experience of maternity in seventeenth-century England Patricia Crawford 2. Embarking on a rough passage: the experience of pregnancy in early modern society Linda A. Pollock 3. The ceremony of childbirth and its interpretation Adrian Wilson 4. Puritan attitudes toward childhood discipline 1560-1634 5. Wet nursing and child care in Aldenham, Hertfordhire 1595-1726: some evidence on the circumstances and effects of seventeenth century child rearing practices Fiona Newell 6. Maternal feelings re-assessed: child abandonment and neglect in London and Westminster 1550-1800 Valerie Fildes 7. Conjugal love and the flight from marriage: poetry as a source for the history of women and the family Mary Prior Bibliography Index.

The role of transition in determining friction and heat transfer in smooth and rough passages

Transition can have profound effects on friction and heat transfer in flow passages. According to the proposed law of corresponding states for friction, different types of roughness elements exhibit the same behavior for friction at the same reduced conditions, as is the case for smooth passages of arbitrary shapes. For smooth or rough tubes, it appears that the average heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing critical Reynolds number for transition. For non-circular smooth passages, average heat transfer coefficients can be calculated from the circular tube relations, provided the critical values for friction factor and Reynolds number are known.

Is It Time to Translate Shakespeare?

Well, we have been doing it, haven't we? The earliest collected edition of Shakespeare's plays, the 1623 First Folio, would simply stun most first-time readers who now depend upon numerous aids: scene divisions, stage directions, modernization of spelling and punctuation, emendations of corrupt passages, glossaries, and notes. Other simplifications have come forward: Tales from Shakespeare, Shakespeare Arranged for Modern Readers, acting editions, prose paraphrases. Why don't we take a full step forward? The trouble with many of these editorial aids is that they distance Shakespeare. They force readers to the footnotes, endnotes, and glossary at a high loss of continuous contact with Shakespeare's text. They send teachers on a hunt for all available elucidations of a rough passage, and they overawe younger students who see the author as impenetrably barricaded from their direct experience. I argue that a minimal translation of Shakespeare can restore him to millions of readers without serious loss of his powers and in a form which allows steady flow of readers' attention with least hindrance from the archaic vocabulary, supererogatory proper nouns, and syntactical inversions which strain the modern ear. Shakespeare can be rescued from the darkening linguistic and cultural obscurity which would have dimmed out Chaucer and the Pearl Poet except for splendid recent translations.

THE SALT II CRISIS: AN OPPORTUNITY TO LIMIT THE DANGERS

Abstract : We are in the final rough passage of a journey beginning over seven years ago when the US and Soviet governments undertook the second series of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. After extended, painstaking negotiations, the SALT II treaty was signed on 18 June 1979 at the Vienna Summit Conference by Presidents Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev. The treaty was transmitted to the US Senate where extensive hearings began in July in three committees-Foreign Relations, Armed Services, and Intelligence. SALT II is now before the full US Senate for debate, with a final vote on ratification of the treaty expected shortly. A two-thirds majority, or 67 of the 100 Senators, must vote to approve the agreements of SALT will be rejected. No more important decision than the ratification of SALT II will be made by this Congress. Indeed, the second Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty is possibly the most important treaty to be submitted to the US Senate since the creation of the North Atlantic alliance over a quarter century ago. The outcome of the Senate vote will influence the dimensions of the Soviet strategic threat to the US in the 1980's. The vote can partially determine the level of information we are able to gather on future Soviet strategic programs. And the Senate decision can also largely determine whether the US-Soviet strategic nuclear weapons race accelerates or is brought under increasing control.

SOCIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND LIBRARIES

The following paper had something of a rough passage through LR's refereeing procedure. One comment was that the three elements in its title did not cohere. Nevertheless, it was by all accounts well received when delivered as a lecture at CLW. LR prints this article as a basis for ongoing discussion, and is open to constructive comment.

Rough passage in USA for first breeder reactor

Rough passage in USA for first breeder reactor

The 1972 Revision of the Rules of the International Court of Justice

The Rules of Court which the International Court of Justice adopted in 1946, on the commencement of its existence, were essentially a reproduction of the Rules of Court adopted by the Permanent Court of International Justice on March 11, 1936 with such alterations as became necessary after the changes incorporated in the new Court's Statute, in comparison with that of the Permanent Court. When the Court adopted those Rules it did so with the intention of undertaking a more thorough revision after more experience of the judicial function had been acquired. Since then, the Court has had the matter under review, but for over twenty years nothing concrete has emerged.The Court has had a rough passage in this period. This is demonstrated by insufficient judicial business, bitter debates on its role in the United Nations both in connection with advisory opinions and in connection with the inclusion of jurisdictional clauses in multilateral treaties drawn up in United Nations meetings, widespread mistrust of the Court as an institution and of judicial settlement as a mode for the pacific settlement of international disputes, and a general malaise attending everything to do with the Court.

Industrial Relations — Act one

THE WAY IN WHICH THE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ACT has Crept in by the back door, having had a rough passage as a Bill, gives the impression that it is all over bar the union registra‐tion row. That, of course, is totally wrong.

Characteristics of Limestone Solution in the Southern Rocky Mountains and Selkirk Mountains, Alberta and British Columbia

The temperature, pH, and carbonate hardness of 415 water samples were determined in four limestone areas in the southern Rocky Mountains and Selkirk Mountains of Canada. Sampling covered all of the major carbonate rock formations of the region, ranged across the floral lifezones and included surface and sub-surface examples. In the forest zone at Crowsnest Pass, solute concentration in a major karst spring was inversely proportional to discharge; solute concentrations in a nearby creek and lake showed little variation with discharge. In tundra and alpine desert zones at Mt. Castleguard, solute concentrations were lower than in the forest, and marked depletion of PCO2 was indicated in some restricted cases. In the Maligne River basin, limestone forest and tundra waters were again contrasted. Solute concentrations in the trunk river and in lakes and underground channels along its course were determined by the mixing of karst and non-karst waters. At the Nakimu Caves there is a strong contrast between limestone seepage waters and allogenic streams.Karst waters of the region are classified as follows:(A) Above treeline: (i) tundra and some turbid glacial meltwaters—saturating with respect to calcite in the range 50–90 ppm CaCO3; (ii) snowmelt and some clear glacial meltwaters contacting bare limestone only—saturating with respect to calcite with <50 ppm CaCO3.(B) Below treeline: (i) holokarst groundwaters—saturating with 100–265 + ppm CaCO3; (ii) holokarst creek and lake waters—saturating with 100–140 ppm CaCO3; (iii) mixed waters from karst and non-karst terrains—with 35–90 ppm CaCO3.The forest waters compare with those from temperate and tropical forested karsts and indicate CO2 enrichment from soil air sources. The tundra waters are similar to those of the Alps and of an arctic tundra. Certain large cave streams remain very aggressive w.r.t. calcite after lengthy and rough passages through limestone. The ratio CaCO3:MgCO3 in most of the karst waters is close to 2.5:1.

La Nebbia Come “Fattore Limite” delle Formazioni Vegetali in Alta Montagna

Summary In V. of Plan (Upper Adige) on the range of mountains of Austria's frontier, the A. has observed the existence of two parallel and regular lines, marking the rough passage at quote 3000 nearly between vegetation at stretch of pasture and the discontinous one at clods and small pillows and towards quote 3200 between this last one and vegetation at isolated and dispersed individuals. The A. having ascertained, that such lines may be attributed neither to morphologie causes, nor to edafic ones, is of opinion that they are a consequence of fogbanks (that easily are stanching against that range of mountains during the summer preferably exactly on 3000 or 3200 m. a. t. s. l.) and furnishes direct dates of observation, of which is resulting, that on the range of mountains in consideration, the duration of alpine summer on account of persistent fogs diminuishes abruptly from 5 to 11 days, when 3000 m. a: t. s. l. are superated and from 0 to 7 days when 3200 m., while the vegetation on those altitudes wants a vegetation period of almost three weeks or at least one. When the duration of alpine summer is becoming inferior to the least requests of plants, these ones must succumb, therefore, evidently, when the alpine summer undergoes same abrupt and uniform diminuishions along lines of a certain estension, along the same lines are rough passages from a type of vegetal formations to an other. The A. was searching how the fog was acting about plants and concludes that such a factor not only influences on their hydroic exchange, hindering traspiration, but, on diminuishing their daily enjoying of light and heat, it influences all their vital functions. The A. at the end supposes that the duration of fogs (with the following insufficient illumination and evaporation at one part and on the other with the fact that direct condensation of water steam augments the precipitation on the soil) determines a greater washing of soil and therefore its pauperisation of nutritive material.

Intellectual Freedom

GENERAL THE RIGHT HON. JAN CHRISTIAAN SMUTS was installed on October 17 as Rector of the Uni versity of St. Andrews after the honorary degree of doctor of laws had been conferred on him by Mr. Stanley Baldwin, Chancellor of the University. In the presence of a distinguished audience including Sir James Barrie, a former Rector, whose address twelve years ago on “Courage” is still vividly re membered, General Smuts addressed his consituents. He delivered a characteristic speech on “The Future of Liberty”, and the students of the scarlet gown gave him an enthusiastic welcome and a most attentive hearing. South Africa and Scotland are linked together by many ties including the love of libertyâ “We decline to submerge the individual in the State or in the group, and we base our organisa tion of the State and society on individual freedom and the free initiative of the citizen”. Surveying the condition of the world as it passed through and emerged from the War years, General Smuts admitted that “mankind stands perplexed and baffled before the new situation and the new problems”. But in spite of all grounds for anxiety, General Smuts finds none for real pessimismâ having passed through rough passages, having sampled the world and human nature at many points, he remains at heart an optimist.