Rough Body Research Articles

Estimation of Fractal Dimension and Segmentation of Body Regions for Deep Learning-Based Gender Recognition

There are few studies utilizing only IR cameras for long-distance gender recognition, and they have shown low recognition performance due to their lack of color and texture information in IR images with a complex background. Therefore, a rough body segmentation-based gender recognition network (RBSG-Net) is proposed, with enhanced gender recognition performance achieved by emphasizing the silhouette of a person through a body segmentation network. Anthropometric loss for the segmentation network and an adaptive body attention module are also proposed, which effectively integrate the segmentation and classification networks. To enhance the analytic capabilities of the proposed framework, fractal dimension estimation was introduced into the system to gain insights into the complexity and irregularity of the body region, thereby predicting the accuracy of body segmentation. For experiments, near-infrared images from the Sun Yat-sen University multiple modality re-identification version 1 (SYSU-MM01) dataset and thermal images from the Dongguk body-based gender version 2 (DBGender-DB2) database were used. The equal error rates of gender recognition by the proposed model were 4.320% and 8.303% for these two databases, respectively, surpassing state-of-the-art methods.

Simulation of electrical contact wear on the rough surfaces of ultra-high-voltage transmission line fittings

A novel electrical contact wear simulation method was proposed to characterize the electrical contact wear of fittings in ultra-high-voltage transmission lines by combining line fittings with the Archard wear model and oxidation loss theory. In this method, a three-dimensional (3D) rough body was generated by using the Weierstrass–Mandelbrot fractal function to simulate the contact surface. An electrical contact wear subroutine was developed, and the wear state was updated using arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian adaptive grid technology. Finally, finite element software was used to perform thermal stress wear coupled analysis. The results show that the wear volume, wear depth and friction temperature obtained by the rough electric contact model were 2.71 times, 4.21 times and 2.18 times of the common ideal plane model, respectively. In the rough model, the wear depth of the nodes initially accelerated, subsequently slowed down, and again accelerated with time. The friction high temperature region was distributed in a point pattern, and the temperature difference between the contact region and the non-contact region became obvious.

Utilization of carbide slag in autoclaved aerated concrete (CS-AAC) and optimization: Foaming, hydration process, and physic-mechanical properties

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), a lightweight porous material, has been widely used in the building field because of its energy savings. A solid waste called carbide slag with a high Ca(OH)2 content is a potential substitution for CaO to prepare AAC. In this study, carbide slag was used to replace quicklime to prepare carbide slag-based autoclaved aerated concrete (CS-AAC). The temperature, foaming rate, and rheological properties of the slurry during the foaming stage, the strength of the rough body, and the physical and mechanical properties of the autoclaved products were investigated. Hydration products, microstructure, and pore structure were further analyzed to investigate the mechanisms of carbide slag on the properties of AAC, and the use of sodium carbonate (SC) to improve the performance of CS-AAC was explored. The results show that the addition of carbide slag causes a degradation of the properties, including foaming rate and physic-mechanical properties. The “water locking” effect due to the irregular surface of the carbide slag results in an increase in slurry consistency. The increase in slurry consistency, as well as the decrease in slurry temperature is the main reason for the decrease in slurry foaming rate and roundness of bubbles, which are unfavorable for the strength development of AAC. Due to the alkali excitation characteristics of sodium carbonate. The addition of SC can react with Ca(OH)2 in the slurry to produce OH-, to promote cement hydration, which can accelerate the development of rough body strength, and save pre-curing time. The carbide slag-based AAC with 0.25% SC has a significant improvement in foaming properties and facilitates the generation of more C-S-H gels to form tobermorite under hydrothermal conditions, which improves the AAC properties. However, too much SC can consume a large amount of Ca(OH)2 and affects the production of tobermorite, which is not beneficial to the mechanical properties.

Implikasi Ajaran Yoga Bagi Pamangku di Bali dalam Aspek Tri Sarira

The Patanjali Sutra Yoga teachings are not only gestures but also give the mandate to the existence of body and mind. A priest at the time of nganteb upakara was likened to a "mayoga" (in Balinese) that is, carrying out parts of the yoga teachings. The body is not only a construction of skeletal bones, muscles, flesh, and organs themselves. But the body can be seen and interpreted from several points of view. In Hinduism, there are three layers of the human body called Tri Sarira, namely sthula sarira, suksma sarira, and antahkarana sarira. The purpose of this article is to find out the implications of yoga teachings for the priest in the aspect of Tri Sarira. This research uses a qualitative approach with an interpretive paradigm. The results of this study show that the yoga teachings for the priest in Bali meaningfully have implications for physical and psychological influences on three layers of the body called Tri Sarira, namely sthula sarira (rough body), suksma sarira (subtle body), and antah karana sarira (causative body). The yogic teachings practiced by religious leader on sthula sarira (rough body) have implications on the body such as an upright sitting posture. Therefore, getting into the habit of taking a comfortable sitting posture upright for the priest will reduce symptoms and improve the bending of the spine. The yoga teachings practiced by the priest on suksma sarira (subtle body) have implications for inner satisfaction for the priest for being able to help others. The yoga teachings practiced by the priest in the middle of nowhere karana sarira (causal body) have implications for increasing awareness of the quality of life as a human being because it is an obligation to always be ethical and do good in serving the people. So, it can be concluded that the teachings of yoga have implications for the activities of the priest.

Ethnographic Communications of the Ngaben Ritual of Bali Hindus in Jakarta

Hindus believe that Ngaben facilitates and speeds up the process of liberating the soul of the sarira (smooth body) and the stula of the sarira (rough body). The Ngaben held in DKI Jakarta is different from Hindus in Bali. The aim of the research is to reveal the values contained in each pitra yadnya/Ngaben ceremony, especially for Hindus in North Jakarta. That its implementation is based on Vedic teachings, very flexible/adjustable to local conditions (Village, Kala, Patra). The Ngaben ceremony is a ritual that must be carried out even in overseas areas, according to local conditions and alignment of intent communications. The research was planned using a constructivist paradigm with a qualitative research methodology and an ethnographic research design of communication. In this approach, the researcher collects data and information through in-depth interviews and participatory observation from various sources who have knowledge and experience in implementing Ngaben in North Jakarta. The main focus is related to the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols used in the Ngaben ritual. The theoretical basis used by researchers is ritual communication and socio- cultural theory. The Ngaben ceremony held by the Banjar Hindu community in North Jakarta has a very high social aspect. The number of stages and series of ceremonies and the number of ceremonial equipment used to create social interaction in the ritual.

몸의 주체성 확립 과정에 대한 자문화기술지

The purpose of this study is to show the experience and reflection on how my body has established its subjectivity in the personal, familial, and social boundaries of each stage of life development. The research question is ‘what I have reflected through the experience of the body in the process of life development?’. As a research method, the auto-ethnography was used. In order to collect research data, diary, personal counseling journal, program records, and writings for literary creative contests were collected based on self-recall materials. Then organized and signified according to the research theme. As a result of the data analysis, the subjects of the body according to the stages of life development were named as ‘childhood - the rough body of a great tomboy’, ‘adolescence - the shameful body trapped in the gaze of others’, ‘the young adulthood - the body of the struggle for recognition in the bridle of society’, and ‘middle age - the body that accepts me, others and society’. Through the research process, the researcher has noticed the transformation of beings who want to pursue life from ‘instrumentalized body’ to ‘expanded body’, and intends to carry out self-care to apply it to the everyday world. Based on the results, this study suggests ways to support children and adolescents to form an autonomous and positive image of their bodies.

Influence of Normal Stiffness and Shear Rate on the Shear Behaviors and Acoustic Emissions Characteristics of Artificial Rock Joints

Understanding the asperity damage behaviors of joints during shearing is critical for evaluating the stability of deep underground engineering structures. In this paper, we prepared plaster joints and used them for direct shear tests under different normal stiffness (0–7 MPa/mm) and various shear rate (0.5–20 mm/min) conditions. The effects of normal stiffness and shear rate on mechanical behavior and AE characteristics were studied. With the increase of normal stiffness, the damaged area of the surface of the joint and the weight of the damaged, rough body basically show a linear increase. With the increase of the shear rate, the peak shear stress and the final shear stress of the joint are non-linearly decreased (the decrease rate at the shear rate of 0.5–5 mm/min is much larger than that at the shear rate of 5–20 mm/min), more local cracks appear on the surface of the joint, and the dilatancy of the joint slightly decreases. More than 60% of the acoustic emission signals in the shearing process of the joint are concentrated in the post-peak phase. With the increase of normal stiffness, the cumulative number of acoustic emission impacts and cumulative energy both increase. With the increase in shear rate, the accumulated acoustic emission impact number decreases, and the accumulated AE energy tends to increase when the shear rate is 0.5–5 mm/min and decreases when the shear rate increases to 5–20 mm/min.

A Split-Mouth Study to Assess the Effect of Implant Surface Roughness on Implant Treatment Outcome After 5 Years.

The aim of current split-mouth study was to compare the implant treatment outcomes of hybrid-surface implants (minimally rough implant collar and moderately rough body) with moderately rough implants after 5 years in patients with a bar-supported mandibular overdenture. Fully edentulous patients were enrolled, and each patient received two implants: one moderately rough and one hybrid-surface implant. A total of 18 patients with 36 implants attended the 5-year recall, and the implant survival rate was 100%. The 5-year evaluation showed no significant difference in crestal bone loss or peri-implant health between the hybrid and moderately rough implants.

Inverse synthetic aperture lidar imaging and compensation in slant atmospheric turbulence with phase gradient algorithm compensation

To systematically study the influence of slant atmospheric turbulence on the inverse synthetic aperture lidar (ISAL) imaging, the atmospheric random phase screen with the modified von Kármán spectrum was numerically simulated via the fast Fourier transform spectral inversion method. Intensity phase distribution and brightness images of the Gaussian beam slant transmission were simulated under different turbulence intensities. Using the Kirchhoff approximation and convolution back-projection algorithm, ISAL images of rough surface (rough square and rough circular plates), rough graphics and rough body with different roughnesses under various turbulence intensities were obtained. The analyses showed that these ISAL images of rough targets can be resolved under weak turbulence but not under moderately strong turbulence. Aiming at the reduction of the resolution of the rough target ISAL images caused by atmospheric turbulence, the phase gradient autofocus (PGA) algorithm was used to improve image focusing and distinguish the shapes of rough targets.

Body CoM Acceleration for Rapid Analysis of Gait Variability and Pedestrian Effects on Structures

Knowledge of body motion features and walk-induced effects is of primary importance for the vibration analysis of structures, especially low-frequency slabs and lightweight and/or slender systems, as well as for clinical applications. Structurally speaking, consolidated literature procedures are available for a wide set of constructional solutions and typologies. A basic assumption consists in the description of walking humans’ effects on structures through equivalent deterministic loads, in which the ground vertical reaction force due to pedestrians depends on their mass and motion frequency. However, a multitude of additional parameters should be taken into account and properly confirmed by dedicated laboratory studies. In this paper, the focus is on the assessment of a rapid analysis protocol in which attention is given to pedestrian input, based on a minimized sensor setup. The study of gait variability and related effects for structural purposes is based on the elaboration of single Wi-Fi sensor, body centre of mass (CoM) accelerations. A total of 50 walking configurations was experimentally investigated in laboratory or in field conditions (for more than 500 recorded gaits), with the support of an adult volunteer. Parametric gait analysis is presented considering different substructure conditions and motion configurations. Body CoM acceleration records are then used for the analysis of a concrete slab, where the attention is focused on the effects of (i) rough experimental body CoM input, or (ii) experimentally derived synthetized gait input. The effects on the structural side of rough experimental walk time histories or synthetized experimental stride signals are discussed.

Sintering of HUST-1 lunar regolith simulant

Sintering is a feasible method for the in situ manufacturing of lunar construction materials with high utilization rates and good service durability. To investigate a feasible in situ sintering method for lunar construction materials, the HUST-1 lunar regolith simulant (LRS) was used as the only raw material in this study, and we compared the apparent state and physicomechanical properties of samples at different calcination temperatures in atmospheric and vacuum environments and explored the influence of the calcining environment and temperature on the mineral composition and morphology. The results indicated that the appropriate sintering temperature range of LRS in an atmospheric environment was 1050–1100 ℃, whereas under a vacuum environment it was 1000–1050 ℃. The main minerals of the vacuum-sintered HUST-1 LRS were consistent with the raw material below 1050 ℃, and the compaction of the microstructure improved with increasing sintering temperature. Finally, the influence of rough forming and sintering pressure in a vacuum environment was investigated. Starting with a powdery rough cylindrical body pre-compacted under 20 kN and sintered for 2 h at 1050 ℃ with 25 kPa vertical pressure resulted in an apparent density of 2768.56 kg/m3, with 89.83% compactness and 58.45–67.68 MPa compressive strength.

Characteristics of economically important traits of cows depending on their body built

A comparative evaluation of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows of friable and dense, delicate and rough body built have been carried out. The dynamics of their live weight during the growing period, exterior, milk productivity and reproductive ability were investigated. Heifers with dense body built compared to the animals with friable body built were characterized by higher live weight at the age of 3; 6; 9; 12; 15 and 18 months and at the first insemination by 5,4-47,9 kg. Heifers with delicate body bult compared to the cows of the same age with rough body built were dominated by a live weight during growing period by 2,0-24,4 kg. The average daily gain of heifers with dense body built was 665 g (+93 g compared to friable body bullt, P <0,01), average daily gain of heifers with delicate body bult was 624 g (+24 g compared to rough body built). The primiparous cows with friable body built had larger sizes than cows of the same age with dense body built. At the withers they were higher by 1,2 cm, they had an advantage in chest girth – 8,9 cm (P < 0,001), chest width and chest depth behind the shoulder – 3,2 cm (P < 0,001) and 2,0 cm (P < 0,05), respectively, chest width and chest depth behind the last rib – 3,1 cm (P < 0,01) and 2,6 cm (P < 0,001), chest length – 2,1 cm (P < 0,05 ). The primiparous cows with delicate and rough body built were characterized by less marked differences in body measurements. Cows with delicate body bult compared to the cows with rough body built were taller by 4,9 cm (P < 0,001), with deeper chest behind the shoulder –1,7 cm (P < 0,05) and with longer body (oblique body length was more on 1,3 cm). Cows with rough body built had significantly larger chest width behind the last rib – by 2,1 cm (P < 0,05) and metacarpus girth – by 0,7 cm (P < 0,01). Higher milk productivity has been observed in cows with dense and delicate body built. The primiparous cows with dense body built had higher 305-d milk yield on 117 kg, milk fat yield –on 6,2 kg, milk protein yield – on 4,2 kg, fat content and protein content in milk – on 0,02% and 0,01%, respectively. Between cows with delicate and rough body built difference in milk yield was 340 kg, milk fat yield and milk protein – 12,1 kg and 10,5 kg, respectively,fat content and protein content in milk had no differences. Better reproductive ability has been observed in cows with friable body built (open days – 157, calf crop percent – 85,5%) and rough body built (145 days and 85,9%, respectively), it meant in cows with body built, that had lower milk productivity. Taking into account the characteristics of cows with different body built makes it possible to optimize the selection process in a particular herd and directing the selection in the desired direction. Key words: cows, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, body built, live weight, body measurements, milk productivity, reproduction ability.

Ajaran Tri Parartha dalam Kakawin Aji Palayon

<em><span lang="EN-US">Literary work is a life guide of the Balinese Hindu community that still exists until today. One type of traditional Balinese literary work that is rich in moral teachings, especially related to Tri Parartha is kakawin Aji Palayon. This paper seeks to uncover the teachings of Tri Parartha contained in Aji Palayon's kakawin literary work with a set of semiotic and religious theories supported by content analysis and descriptive analysis methods. The results of the analysis show that Kakawin Aji Palayon is a traditional Balinese literary work in the form of a song that tells about the journey of the atman since leaving the rough body until it reaches shunya laya (a place of eternal peace). On the journey the atman is also filled with the teachings of Tri Parartha, namely asih (compassion), punia (sacrifice / sincere gift), and bhakti (truth devotion) which is dominantly found in chapter 1, 3, and 6. With high wisdom and understand the teachings of Tri Parartha well, then the atman can pass through various kinds of obstacles and temptations, so that finally he reaches shunya laya (place of eternal peace).</span></em>

Livestock trypanosomiasis, owners’ perception and search for human gambiense parasite in cattle and sheep in remote communities of Iseyin, Nigeria

The study assessed livestock for human and animal infective trypanosomes in seven remote communities of Iseyin, Oyo State, Nigeria. Blood samples collected at random from 330 cattle and 20 sheep were examined using the buffy coat technique and Leishman stained thin film. Packed cell volume and differential leukocyte counts were determined and interviews conducted. Animals examined showed clinical symptoms; emaciation (2%), rough hair coat (0.57%), body weakness (3.14%), ocular discharge (1.43%), dermatophylosis (0.57%) and ticks (0.57%). Leishman stained thin blood films indicated 34 cattle (9.71%) infected with Trypanosoma congolense, 0% infection in sheep and 100% slides positive for Anaplasma and Babesia parasites with no Trypanosoma brucei species. Anaemia was recorded in male cattle between 1year and 10 years old and was statistically significant (p<0.05). Acute inflammatory responses revealed by neutrophilia, lymphocytopaenia and lymphocytosis; 21.81%, 1.51% and 10% respectively in cattle suggested underlying bacterial orparasitic infections. All (100%) herdsmen confirmed presence of tsetse and other biting flies in bush and canopies around water bodies and stated observable signs and symptoms of trypanosomiasis (samore) which could wipe off the whole herd if untreated. Risk of trypanosome infection remained high as long as the old systems of cattle rearing exist; and urinary schistosomiasis and intestinal ailments due to lack of access to clean and portable water.
 Keywords: Livestock;Trypanosoma congolense; Trypanosoma brucei species;Iseyin; Nigeria

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THIRD-BODY PARTICLE TRANSPORT IN SLIDING CONTACT

An experiment is designed to study the third-body particle transport in a rough contact. To study the influence of particles in a pure form, it is assured that the first bodies have no contact and the sliding is very slow, so that the process can be considered as quasistatic. An example of sliding contact of a 3D printed “rough body” on small spheres artificially located on a rubber layer is presented. The trajectory of particles during the sliding is captured for studying their movement and the correlation to the fluctuation of normal and tangential force.

Investigation of lightning damage mechanism and flashover channels on glazed roofing tiles of ancient buildings through laboratory experiments

Glazed roofing components play a very important role in Chinese ancient buildings. In this study, the artificial lightning strike test on a type of glazed roofing tile of ancient buildings in China was carried out to investigate the lightning damage mechanism of ancient buildings. A high-speed camera was used to observe the process of lightning striking the enamel, body and mortar of the glazed tiles. The highest propagation speeds of flashover channel are achieved on the enamel surface of the glazed tile, followed by one on the surface of the body and the mortar successively under the condition of the similar moisture content. The propagation speeds of flashover channels are generally positively related to the moisture content for the same material composition of the glazed tiles except mortar. The flashover channels are basically regular on the surfaces of the enamel and the body, while they are irregular on the surface of the mortar. For the enamel and the body of the glazed tile, the surface flashover is easier to develop along the rough body surface. The lightning current enters the glazed tile easily through the mortar position, which results in the fracture of the glazed tile. The reason might be related to the high porosity, high moisture content and good electrical conductivity of the mortar. So the mortar component of the glazed tiles should be important for the design of the lightning protection, which is helpful to decrease the lightning damage for the glazed roofing components.

A Computational Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Simplified High-Speed Train: The Effects of Crosswinds and Surface Roughness

The airflow around a simplified train model is investigated using a three-dimensional $gamma-widetilde{Re}_{theta t}$ transitional approach. Four different yaw angles ($theta = 10^{circ}, 20^{circ}, 30^{circ}$, and $40^{circ}$) perpendicular to the body of the simplified train model are considered which the magnitude of front air-flow is constant, and the magnitude of crosswind determines by yaw angle. The main aim of the research is to investigate the influences of the yaw angle and roughness on the time-averaged flow structure, turbulent quantities such as turbulent kinetic energy, dissipation rate, and the aerodynamic forces such as skin friction and pressure coefficients. The findings show that the yaw angle has a pronounced influence on the three-dimensional flow structure around the high-speed train. As the yaw angle augments, the aerodynamic forces like skin friction and pressure coefficients increase. Furthermore, the roughness has a negligible effect on the pressure coefficient. Also, the skin friction coefficient locally increases in the rough train body.

Co-infection of Babesia sp. and Theileria sp. in a Holstein Friesian crossbred calf- A case report

A 20-day-old Holstein Friesian, crossbred calf with a history of inappetence and weakness was presented to the veterinary hospital at Malhargarh, in recumbent condition. On clinical examination, the calf exhibited high fever, pale mucous membranes, dry muzzle, rough body coat and elevated heart and respiration rate. Giemsa stained blood smears revealed the presence of intra-erythrocytic Babesia and Theileria organisms. The calf was treated with diminazene aceturate, intramuscularly at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, along with supportive medication. However, the animal died after only a few hours of therapy. The present study reports the rare concurrent infection in a crossbred calf from Madhya Pradesh, India.

Effect of microwave pre-curing technology on carbide slag-fly ash autoclaved aerated concrete (CS-FA AAC): Porosity rough body formation, pore characteristics and hydration products

In objective to clarify the effect mechanism of microwave pre-curing method on carbide slag-fly ash autoclaved aerated concrete (CS-FA AAC), porosity rough body formation process, physic-mechanical properties, pore characteristics and hydration products were investigated. Slurry foaming course and rough body strength development were characterized to illuminate the porosity rough body formation process. Furthermore, bulk density and compressive strength were measured to expound physic-mechanical properties. Areometry, X-ray 3D imaging and MIP method were introduced to represent the total porosity, macroscopic pores and microscopic void, respectively. The hydration products of CS-FA AAC were comprehensively analyzed by detecting of morphology (FESEM), mineralogical (XRD), and thermal behavior (DSC-TG). As results demonstrated, the innovative microwave pre-curing technology accelerated slurry foaming and thickening rate, thus shorten the pre-curing duration and improve the stability of CS-FA AAC rough body. Furthermore, the total porosity of CS-FA AAC products was obviously enlarged which attributed to the magnification of foaming pores. However, in pore partition zone, the total porosity was decreased under microwave pre-curing, but the volume of pores between 0.01 and 1 μm were improved significantly. The microwave pre-curing technology significantly promoted the generation of intermediate hydration products and improved the crystallinity of strength contributing minerals in final products. Therefore, due to the divergence effect of microwave pre-curing technology on pore characteristics and hydration products, the subsequent effect on strength is nonlinear.

Comparative study of carbide slag autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) manufactured under thermal oven and microwave pre-curing process: Foaming course, rough body strength and physic-mechanical properties

The substitution of carbide slag to quicklime in carbide slag autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) preparation caused significant side-effect on stable formation of porosity structure in pre-curing process. With objective of regulating slurry foaming course and rough body strength development during pre-curing process of carbide slag AAC production, microwave heating technology was introduced to control the slurry temperature accurately, and regulate the foaming and thickening process ulteriorly. Therefore, the discrepancy between conventional and microwave pre-curing process in mould and energy were discussed qualitatively. Moreover, to figure out the superiority and effect law of microwave pre-curing process with different curing temperature, the comparison between conventional and microwave pre-curing process on slurry foaming course, rough body development and physic-mechanical properties were investigated. The discrepancy analysis illuminated that with transition from thermal oven curing to microwave pre-curing, mixing water and mould should be changed from warm water (＞50 °C) and metal mould to normal temperature water and microwave penetrable mould respectively, meanwhile, the theoretical energy requirement was significantly reduced. Otherwise, the experimental results indicated that microwave pre-curing technology effectively accelerate the gas foaming rate in early stage and increased ultimate foaming ratio with increasing of curing temperature. However, the gradient temperature of microwave pre-curing between foaming and thickening stage should not exceed 20 °C, so as to avoid the temperature stress on bonding surface of rough body and container, which may cause ring collapse. Moreover, rough body strength development was improved with utilizing of microwave pre-curing technology, the pre-curing duration could be shortened by 0.5–1 h relative to thermal oven pre-curing process. Furthermore, the physic-mechanical performance of thermal oven and microwave pre-cured carbide slag AAC specimens were comparable. Overall, the results indicated that microwave pre-curing technology has great potential to be an alternative curing method for manufacturing carbide slag AAC.