Rotation Correction Research Articles

Orthokids Precise De-rotation Jig for Rotational Osteotomies of Humerus.

Humerus de-rotational osteotomies are one of the commonly done salvage procedures in children with residual brachial plexus birth injuries. Conventionally, the degree of angular correction was measured clinically intraoperatively by the ability to reach the occiput and the belly or it can be measured by putting reference k-wires at the appropriate angles. However, accurate angular correction is essential to success, as under-correction may lead to parental dissatisfaction and over-correction may lead to loss of mid-line function. The 'Orthokids Precise De-rotation Jig' (Nebula Surgical, Rajkot, INDIA) allows the exact measurement of the rotational correction required, which will lead to improved clinical outcomes. This accurate measurement mitigates the risk of errors due to parallax or eyeballing. The jig is handy, radio-opaque, autoclavable, and can be used without extensive dissection than what is required for the plate fixation.

Restoring rotational symmetry of multicomponent wavefunctions with nuclear orbitals.

In this work, we present a non-orthogonal configuration interaction (NOCI) approach to address the rotational corrections in multicomponent quantum chemistry calculations where hydrogen nuclei and electrons are described with orbitals under Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) frameworks. The rotational corrections are required in systems such as diatomic (HX) and nonlinear triatomic molecules (HXY), where localized broken-symmetry nuclear orbitals have a lower energy than delocalized orbitals with the correct symmetry. By restoring rotational symmetry with the proposed NOCI approach, we demonstrate significant improvements in proton binding energy predictions at the HF level, with average rotational corrections of 0.46eV for HX and 0.23eV for HXY molecules. For computing rotational excitation energies, our results indicate that HF kinetic energy corrections are consistently accurate, while discrepancies arise in total energy predictions, primarily from an incomplete treatment of dynamical correlation effects. Rotational energy corrections in multicomponent DFT calculations, using the epc17-2 proton-electron correlation functional, lead to an overestimation of proton binding energies. This is as a result of double-counting of proton-electron correlation effects in the off-diagonal NOCI terms. As a correction, we propose a scaling scheme that effectively adjusts the proton-electron correlation contributions, bringing our results into close agreement with reference CCSD(T) data. The scaled rotational corrections, on average, increase the epc17-2 proton binding energy predictions by 0.055eV for HX and 0.025eV for HXY and yield average deviations of 1.0 cm-1 for rotational transitions.

Deep Learning Algorithm-Based Appearance Detection of Cigarette Strip Packs

Each local feature in the appearance image of cigarette packs is a key element to reflect the corresponding brand information. If only a single convolutional neural network is used, the context information of sequence data may be lost, resulting in an insufficient grasp of the overall information. In order to realize the deep-level feature extraction of the appearance of cigarette packs and realize the appearance detection of cigarette packs with higher accuracy and speed, a new method for the appearance detection of cigarette packs was proposed by combining the convolutional neural network and the cyclic neural network methods in the deep learning algorithm. The image acquisition card is used to collect the appearance images of cigarette packs, and contrast enhancement and rotation correction are performed on the collected images to effectively improve their quality and provide a good guarantee for subsequent feature extraction and detection. The preprocessed cigarette package image is input into the convolutional neural network to realize the deep-level feature extraction of the cigarette package appearance image. The cigarette package appearance features’ output from the convolutional neural network is input into the short-term and long-term memory unit, as well as the gate-controlled cyclic unit, of the corresponding recurrent neural network, in order to process time sequence information based on the efficient extraction of details from the image, retain the sequence and context information of the input data, and ultimately achieve accurate detection of the cigarette package appearance. Through experimental analysis, this method can effectively identify the appearance defects of cigarette packs, mark them immediately, and present them in an intuitive way, so that staff can quickly locate the problem and take corresponding measures. The method can detect appearance defects larger than [Formula: see text] with high accuracy. For various appearance defects, the detection rate can be guaranteed to be over 98%, providing strong support for quality control and product upgrading in the tobacco industry.

Numerical investigation of angle parameters of tip sails for improvement of aircraft flight performance

Inspired by the tip feathers of soaring birds, the device of tip sails was designed and installed on the wing to achieve drag reduction. The influences of design parameters including cant angles, toe angles and twist angles on aerodynamic characteristics of tip sails were investigated through 77 cases of 11 configurations at 7 different angles of attack. According to the results grouped, the optimal cant angles ( 30 , 15 , 0 ) were determined. By adjusting the toe angles, drag reduction can be improved under different flight conditions. The decreasing twist angles can inhibit flow separation on sail surface. The optimal toe angles ( 18 , 15 , 12 ) and twist angles ( 12 , 9 , 6 ) resulted in the weakest flow separation. Ensuring that the twist angle of each sail is 6 ∘ less than that of the corresponding toe angle can effectively inhibit flow separation on the sail surface. The tip sails can also split and weaken the wingtip vortex. In addition, in the validation of the numerical method, we also investigate the influence of numerical schemes and turbulence models on the results of wingtip vortex flow. In the cases with unstructured meshes, the third-order finite volume scheme had higher computational efficiency than the traditional second-order finite volume scheme in obtaining grid independent solutions, and the turbulence model with rotation correction can improve the calculation accuracy of the wingtip vortex flow. The results of this paper provide a valuable reference for the design of tip sails.

Comparison of software-assisted and freehand methods of rotational assessment for diaphyseal femur fractures

ObjectiveAccurate rotational reduction following femoral shaft fracture fixation is absent in up to 28% of cases yet is critical for lower extremity biomechanics. The objective of this cadaveric study was to compare the results of freehand methods of rotational reduction with software-assisted rotational reduction.MethodsFour fellowship-trained orthopedic trauma surgeons attempted rotational correction in a cadaveric model with fluoroscopic assistance using (1) their method of choice (MoC) and (2) software assistance (SA). After correction, deviation from baseline rotation was calculated.ResultsThe mean difference between the two methods (MoC–SA) was 1.1 which was not significant when comparing all raters and between raters individually. SA had significantly less variability compared to MoC. The rate of clinically relevant rotational deformity (> 15°) was 28% using MoC and 11% using SA.ConclusionRotational assessment of diaphyseal femur fractures in this cadaveric model was not significantly different when compared between method of choice and software augmentation.

Correction of Femoral Torsional Deformities by Rotational Guided Growth.

Background: Femoral torsional malalignment is a common cause of in-toeing and out-toeing in children, often leading to gait disturbances, functional limitations, and increased risk of falls. Traditionally, osteotomy was the only surgical option for correction. A minimally invasive technique known as rotational guided growth (RGG) has recently been introduced to address these malalignments. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of rotational femoral malalignment correction by rotational epiphysiodesis with tension band 8-plates (Orthofix, Verona, Italy). Methods: Eleven patients with in-toeing and out-toeing (19 femurs) were treated using RGG with 8-plates. The 8-plates were applied laterally and medially, with screws placed above and below the growth plate of the distal femur, angled obliquely to the long axis of the bone in opposite directions. Changes in foot progression angle (FPA), femoral version, the alteration in the angle between the 8-plates, and the rate of correction were recorded. Results: All patients reported functional gait improvement. The FPA was corrected from a mean of 32 degrees to 7 degrees, the femoral version improved from a mean of 60 degrees to 22 degrees. The angle between the 8-plates changed from a mean of 75 degrees to 28 degrees, with a correction rate of 4.1 degrees per month. The average time for correction was 11 months. No complications were observed during the treatment. Conclusions: RGG using 8-plates is a novel, minimally invasive surgical technique that effectively corrects rotational femoral deformities and may serve as a preferred alternative to derotational osteotomy in growing patients.

ExoMol line lists – LXV. Mid-Infrared rovibronic spectroscopy of isotopologues of NiH

Abstract New line lists for four isotopologues of nickel monohydride, 58NiH, 60NiH, 62NiH, and 58NiD are presented covering the wavenumber range <10000 cm−1 (λ > 1 μm), J up to 37.5 for transitions within and between the three lowest-lying electronic states, X 2Δ, W 2Π, and V 2Σ+. The line lists are applicable for temperatures up to 5000 K. The line lists calculations are based on a recent empirical NiH spectroscopic model [Havalyova et al. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 272, 107800, (2021)] which is adapted for the variational nuclear-motion code Duo. The model consists of potential energy curves, spin-orbit coupling curves, electronic angular momentum curves, spin-rotation coupling curves, Λ-doubling correction curve for 2Π states and Born-Oppenheimer breakdown (BOB) rotational correction curves. New ab initio dipole moment curves, scaled to match the experimental dipole moment of the ground state, are used to compute Einstein A coefficients. The BYOT line lists are included in the ExoMol database at www.exomol.com.

Airfoil lift finite element computations using H1 (Ω) and H(div,Ω) approximation spaces

Computing the lift generated by an airfoil is crucial in aircraft design, especially for aircraft performance prediction, aircraft stability/control, and optimization of airfoil shape for improving efficiency. The problem of incompressible flow around an airfoil is studied herein as a weakly irrotational flow, resulting a div-curl problem in a 2D double-connected domain. The original div-curl problem is ill-posed because it is defined over a multiply-connected domain. Traditionally, a cut in the original domain and additional constrain for the velocity potential and velocity potential gradient at the cut are required for the numerical solution, which applies a rotational correction method based on Helmholtz decomposition of vector fields. The lift coefficient can be finally computed from the numerical solution of the problem. In the present work, the lift of an airfoil is computed from finite element solutions using different approximation spaces: The conventional H1 (Ω) potential-field space and a special class of H(div,Ω) velocity-field space, i.e., the divergence-free space. Accurate analysis using both approximations is performed with h-refinement strategies. The lift coefficient computed from the analysis is compared against available reference solutions. The computational performance and accuracy of the lift computation using the two different approaches are discussed. Finally, the difference in the velocity solution obtained using H1 (Ω) and H(div,Ω) spaces is presented, which can be interpreted as a new posteriori error estimator for the problem.

A stabilized finite volume method based on the rotational pressure correction projection for the time-dependent incompressible MHD equations

This paper presents an efficient numerical scheme for solving the time-dependent incompressible Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations based on the rotational pressure correction projection method within the finite volume framework. Utilizing the lowest equal-order mixed finite element pair (P1−P1−P1) to approximate the velocity, magnetic and pressure fields, our numerical scheme satisfies the discrete inf–sup condition by the pressure projection stabilization. To tackle the coupling inherent in the time-dependent incompressible MHD equations,the rotational pressure correction projection method is introduced to split the original problem into several linear subproblems. The unconditional stability of numerical schemes are provided,optimal error estimates in both L2 and H1-norms of numerical solutions are also presented. Finally, some numerical results are given to verify the established theoretical findings and show the performances of the considered numerical schemes.

Clinical Tips for Rotation Correction in Self-ligating Brackets

The use of self-ligating brackets is becoming increasingly popular in modern orthodontic practice. However, one of the major downsides of self-ligating brackets is the lack of rotational control, which is typically achieved using rotation wedges in conventional brackets but is not possible with self-ligating brackets. The paper highlights two techniques for achieving rotational control with self-ligating brackets. The first technique involves using a flowable composite to create a wedge effect within the bracket, while the second method utilizes a Chewie to correct rotation. The paper describes effective and time-saving techniques for achieving rotational control with self-ligating brackets, which can make them more appealing to orthodontists.

Study on cavitation characteristics of a waterjet pump under off-design conditions

Abstract Water jet pump is widely used in power field, and ordinary axial impeller is the key component of energy conversion. Because of the existence of tip clearance, the tip leakage flow through the clearance is inevitably accompanied by energy loss. Taking the axial-flow water jet pump as the research object, the condition is that the pump runs under the condition of deviating from the design condition. Considering the influence of vortex and cavitation, the improved numerical model is used to simulate the internal flow field. SST-CC turbulence model considering rotation correction and modified Zwart cavitation model based on vortex identification correction are selected. The cavitation performance and Vortex characteristics under off-design conditions are analyzed. The results show that flow loss is mainly reflected in turbulence dissipation and wall dissipation, which the turbulence dissipation and wall dissipation of impeller section account for the largest proportion. Because the cavitation area of water jet pump is mainly concentrated in the impeller, the turbulent dissipation is mainly related to the characteristics of turbulence kinetic energy and turbulent vortex. The research results can provide an effective basis for the analysis and design of axial-flow water jet pump.

Rotation Correction Algorithm Based on Polar Harmonic Fourier Moments and Optimization of Color Image Security Quantization Watermarking Scheme

Rotation Correction Algorithm Based on Polar Harmonic Fourier Moments and Optimization of Color Image Security Quantization Watermarking Scheme

One-bone forearm for the treatment of supination contractures secondary to neonatal brachial plexus injury.

The one-bone forearm procedure has been considered as a potential treatment for severe forearm deformities. However, its primary limitation lies in the elevated risks of nonunion and infection. In order to enhance union rates, a technical modification was introduced, aiming not only to establish end-to-end radio-ulnar fixation but also to incorporate an additional overlay and fixation between the proximal and distal radius osteotomy stumps. This technique, initially applied in a heterogeneous patient population including individuals with neurological, tumoral, and congenital conditions, yielded promising results, achieving a consolidation rate of 100% and enabling supination corrections of up to 120°. In this study, we present a retrospective cohort of 28 patients, with an average age of 9 years, all afflicted by forearm supination contracture exceeding 90° secondary to neonatal brachial plexus injury. These patients underwent treatment with the modified technique. The mean correction achieved in forearm rotation was 116°, and the average follow-up period extended to 43 months. Remarkably, all patients exhibited bone union within an average period of 6.6 weeks, without any complications. Our findings underscore the efficacy of this modified technique, which enables substantial rotational corrections, boasts a high union rate, and maintains a low incidence of complications. This approach is particularly valuable for young patients suffering from neonatal brachial plexus injury with severe fixed supination deformities. IV.

Three-dimensional acetabular reorientation during periacetabular osteotomy: an intraoperative navigation method using an external fixator for periacetabular osteotomy.

Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an effective procedure for treating acetabular dysplasia. However, limited visual control of the acetabular position during surgery may result in under- or overcorrection or changes in acetabular version resulting in residual dysplasia or femoroacetabular impingement. Thus, we wanted to develop a simple and straightforward navigation method that provides information about acetabular correction in all three planes during surgery. Intraoperatively, acetabular coordinates are shown in coronal, sagittal, and transverse plane by two perpendicular tubes of an external fixator mounted onto a third tube that is fixed to the mobilized acetabular fragment with two Schanz screws. The application and fixation of the external fixator on the pelvis are demonstrated in this article. We used this analog navigation method on 27 PAOs, where we mainly performed a lateral rotational correction. The pre- and postoperative radiographs of these 27 hips were analyzed regarding the radiological hip parameters, taking into account the pelvic tilt. The mean preoperative lateral center edge angle (LCEA) of the 27 PAOs improved from 16° (+-6) to a mean of 34° (+-6°) and the mean acetabular index (AI) was corrected from 15° (+-4) to 2° (+-4). This implements highly physiologic postoperative values for lateral coverage in this population. In this case series, no postoperative acetabular retroversion was measured in any of the 27 PAOs. Three-dimensional control of the acetabular orientation during periacetabular osteotomy is important to avoid over- and undercorrection. Using a fixateur externe as an analog navigation method this three-dimensional control can be implemented intraoperatively for PAOs.

New findings on clinical experience on surface-guided radiotherapy for frameless non-coplanar stereotactic radiosurgery treatments.

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of a surface-guided radiotherapy (SGRT) system for setup and intra-fraction motion control in frameless non-coplanar stereotactic radiosurgery (fSRS) using actual patient data immobilized with two different types of open-faced masks and employing a novel SGRT systems settings. Forty-four SRS patients were immobilized with two types of open-faced masks. Sixty lesions were treated, involving the analysis of 68 cone-beam scans (CBCT), 157 megavoltage (MV) images, and 521 SGRT monitoring sessions. The average SGRT translations/rotations and 3D vectors (MAG-Trasl and MAG-Rot) were compared with CBCT or antero-posterior MV images for 0° table or non-coplanar beams, respectively. The intrafraction control was evaluated based on the average shifts obtained from each monitoring session. To assess the association between the SGRT system and the CBCT, the two types of masks and the 3D vectors, a generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression analysis was performed. The Wilcoxon singed-rank test for paired samples was performed to detect differences in couch rotation with longitudinal (LNG) and lateral (LAT) translations and/or yaw. The average SGRT corrections were smaller than those detected by CBCT (≤0.5mm and 0.1°), with largest differences in LNG and yaw. The GEE analysis indicated that the average MAG-Trasl, obtained by the SGRT system, was not statistically different (p=0.09) for both mask types, while, the MAG-Rot was different (p=0.01). For non-coplanar beams, the Wilcoxon singed-rank test demonstrated no significantly differences for the corrections (LNG, LAT, and yaw) for any table rotation except for LNG corrections at 65° (p=0.04) and 75° (p=0.03) table angle position; LAT shifts at 65° (p=0.03) and 270° (p<0.001) table angle position, and yaw rotation at 30° (p=0.02) table angle position. The average intrafraction motion was<0.1mm and 0.1° for any table angle. The SGRT system used, along with the novel workflow performed, can achieve the setup and intra-fraction motion control accuracy required to perform non-coplanar fSRS treatments. Both masks ensure the accuracy required for fSRS while providing a suitable surface for monitoring.

TROPIC: Transfascial Oblique Posterior Interbody Correction: Technical Note

Adult spinal deformity is a common problem in today's aging adult population, particularly in the thoracolumbar spine. This can lead to severe pain and disability, leading to a poorer quality of life. Traditionally, open deformity correction has been the mainstay of treatment for these patients as it provides an excellent operative corridor; however, this comes with severe risk and high complication rates. There has been a trend toward more minimally invasive approaches to correct the deformity while preserving the muscle and soft tissue surrounding the bony spine across the fusion. We describe a minimally invasive surgical technique through a Wiltse approach without invading the paraspinal musculature to gain access to the bony spine to perform lumbar interbody fusions and osteotomies. A total of 3 patients were identified for this technical note who underwent the transfascial oblique posterior interbody correction procedure for adult spinal deformity. The patients had severe coronal and rotational imbalances. We were able to achieve adequate correction through an approach without disturbing the spinal musculature and soft tissues. This technique provides benefits of spinal rotational and coronal plane correction and restores lordosis with current advancements of today's technologies without the downsides of an open surgical approach.

A Novel End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for Chip Packaging Defect Detection.

As semiconductor chip manufacturing technology advances, chip structures are becoming more complex, leading to an increased likelihood of void defects in the solder layer during packaging. However, identifying void defects in packaged chips remains a significant challenge due to the complex chip background, varying defect sizes and shapes, and blurred boundaries between voids and their surroundings. To address these challenges, we present a deep-learning-based framework for void defect segmentation in chip packaging. The framework consists of two main components: a solder region extraction method and a void defect segmentation network. The solder region extraction method includes a lightweight segmentation network and a rotation correction algorithm that eliminates background noise and accurately captures the solder region of the chip. The void defect segmentation network is designed for efficient and accurate defect segmentation. To cope with the variability of void defect shapes and sizes, we propose a Mamba model-based encoder that uses a visual state space module for multi-scale information extraction. In addition, we propose an interactive dual-stream decoder that uses a feature correlation cross gate module to fuse the streams' features to improve their correlation and produce more accurate void defect segmentation maps. The effectiveness of the framework is evaluated through quantitative and qualitative experiments on our custom X-ray chip dataset. Furthermore, the proposed void defect segmentation framework for chip packaging has been applied to a real factory inspection line, achieving an accuracy of 93.3% in chip qualification.

Automated External Bone Fixation Robot Design and Orthopedic Analysis

Background: Bone external fixation technology is an important therapeutic approach for limb correction, primarily involving a class of external fixation correction mechanisms. It has achieved good results in limb lengthening and correcting deformities to restore limb function. In clinical practice, existing correction mechanisms face challenges such as high resistance between components, complex installation procedures, and high precision requirements for installation, requiring manual adjustment by physicians, which limits precise control and quantification of correction parameters. Objective: To address these issues, an automated correction bone external fixation robot was designed based on traditional Ilizarov external fixation devices(TIEFD). Methods: By increasing the number of unidirectional hinge connections, the robot can effectively reduce motion resistance. Subsequently, the robot was combined with the tibia for correction motion simulation, obtaining the motion parameters θ of the deformed bones during the correction process based on the trajectory of the tibia's point mass. Finally, correction motion experiments and finite element analysis(FEA) were conducted on the robot combined with a control system. Results: The results showed that the robot could precisely control correction parameters, with the error range for rotational correction not exceeding 0.5 radians and the error range for traction correction not exceeding 0.2 mm. FAE, based on corrective force data, concluded that compared to (TIEFD), the robot could reduce bone stress by 16 MPa during the correction process. Conclusion: The robot effectively reduces patient discomfort, this provides a reliable theoretical basis for bone external fixation technology and holds positive significance for the treatment of skeletal deformities.

Three-dimensional deformity correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: what are the benefits of hybrid apical sublaminar bands versus all-pedicle screws?

The amount of three-dimensional (3D) correction with apical sublaminar band (hybrid-SLB) technique has not been compared to all-pedicle screw instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using detailed axial correction metrics or comparable rod types. Our purpose is to compare 3D improvement in AIS deformities following posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion (PSIF) with hybrid-SLB and segmental correction to all-pedicle screw correction. Patients ages 10-18 years with AIS who underwent PSIF between 2015 and 2022 and had preoperative and postoperative EOS imaging were included. Electronic medical records were reviewed for demographic, Lenke classification, operative technique, and 3D EOS data. Average changes in major and minor Cobb angle, axial rotation, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis were compared. Ninety-five patients met inclusion criteria with 55 in the hybrid-SLB group (mean age 14.9 ± 1.9 years) and 40 in all-pedicle screw (mean age 14.7 ± 2.1 years). While all-pedicle screw demonstrated greater correction of major (45.7 ± 13.4 vs 37.9 ± 14.3 degrees; P = 0.008) and minor (28.7 ± 13.1 vs 17.8 ± 12.5 degrees; P = 0.001) Cobb angles, hybrid-SLB showed greater increase in T4-T12 kyphosis (13.3 ± 15.3 vs 5.6 ± 13.5 degrees; P = 0.01). Correction of T1-T12 kyphosis, axial rotation, and lumbar lordosis was similar between groups. 3D EOS analysis of AIS patients before and after PSIF revealed that all-pedicle screw constructs had greater overall coronal plane correction and hybrid-SLB had greater thoracic sagittal plane correction. Axial corrective abilities were similar. Hybrid-SLB may have advantages for correction of thoracic lordosis or hypokyphosis. Level of evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Pointer Meter Reading Method Based on YOLOv8 and Improved LinkNet.

In order to improve the reading efficiency of pointer meter, this paper proposes a reading method based on LinkNet. Firstly, the meter dial area is detected using YOLOv8. Subsequently, the detected images are fed into the improved LinkNet segmentation network. In this network, we replace traditional convolution with partial convolution, which reduces the number of model parameters while ensuring accuracy is not affected. Remove one pair of encoding and decoding modules to further compress the model size. In the feature fusion part of the model, the CBAM (Convolutional Block Attention Module) attention module is added and the direct summing operation is replaced by the AFF (Attention Feature Fusion) module, which enhances the feature extraction capability of the model for the segmented target. In the subsequent rotation correction section, this paper effectively addresses the issue of inaccurate prediction by CNN networks for axisymmetric images within the 0-360° range, by dividing the rotation angle prediction into classification and regression steps. It ensures that the final reading part receives the correct angle of image input, thereby improving the accuracy of the overall reading algorithm. The final experimental results indicate that our proposed reading method has a mean absolute error of 0.20 and a frame rate of 15.