Rotary Oil Research Articles

Simple, contamination-free operation of a McLeod gauge

This note describes a method of operating McLeod gauges which avoids the use of a rotary oil pump and the associated risk of contamination. The method relies on the use of liquid nitrogen to produce a change of state of a suitable inert gas.

Floating-Type Offshore Drilling Vessels

After two decades of oil exploration on the world's continental shelf, various design types of mobile drilling rigs have evolved, namely the submersible, the jack-up, and the floater. The authors consider that the current stage of development of these rigs has sufficiently established design patterns which are worthy of investigation and review. The authors have selected the floater type for discussion and presentation as being of germane interest to the naval architect and marine engineer. Section 1 of the paper reviews the design aspects of floating drilling vessels by considering them in two groups: "surface hull" type and "column stabilized" type. Functional design requirements are discussed, including some fundamentals on rotary oil drilling to familiarize the naval architect with its basic techniques. Requirements and recommendations for deck areas and volumes are given, together with representative weights for drilling equipment and vessel weight summaries. Hydrostatic, stability, and motion characteristics are compared between the two types. Structural design, safety features, and logistic support systems are reviewed. Section 2 describes the offshore drilling vessel Reforma as typical of one of the large surface-hull-type rigs incorporating the latest drilling techniques and marine systems. The rig, one of a fleet of three, is owned and operated by Perforadora Mexico, S. A., a private drilling contractor under contract to Petroleos Mexicanos, off the east coast of Mexico.

An apparatus for obtaining temperatures down to 0·3° K using helium-3

The construction and characteristics of an apparatus for obtaining temperatures down to 0.3 deg K by pumping the vapor off liquid He3 are described. The main differences from the known cryostats of this type lie in the use of a charcoal adsorption pump instead of a rotary oil pump, and in the cooling by He3 of a bath with a liquid mixture of He3 and He3 which appreciably increases the time of operation of the arrangement in comparison with the use of liquid He/sup 4/ for this purpose.

274. Selection of pumping fluid which can be safely used in oil rotary pump and oil ejector: Note by H. Ishi and K. Akiyama, J. Vacuum Soc. Japan, 3, 1888–1889, 1960

274. Selection of pumping fluid which can be safely used in oil rotary pump and oil ejector: Note by H. Ishi and K. Akiyama, J. Vacuum Soc. Japan, 3, 1888–1889, 1960

Performance Test of Oil Burners

After we have investigated some experiments of several oil pressure burners in performance, made a trial manufacture of several oil return burners and compared them with Todd burner in performance.In consequence, the trial burners are satisfactory in performance and seem to be useful to the practice. In addition, we have studied several experiments about rotary oil burners.

The ultimate vacuum of two-stage rotary oil pumps

The ultimate vacuum of two-stage rotary oil pumps

The ultimate vacua of two-stage rotary oil pumps

The ultimate vacua of two-stage rotary oil pumps

The ultimate vacua of two-stage rotary oil pumps

IT HAD BEEN NOTICED THAT rotary pumps show an increased ultimate pressure as their temperatures rise during operation. It is established that this pressure rise is not due to the presence of vapours of the oil used in the pump itself but possibly to the progressive appearance of vapours from the lighter fractions of the oil liberated as a result of decomposition. It is concluded that this phenomenon resulted from the thermal effects of the vanes sliding in the rotor where the condition of boundary lubrication exists. Extreme pressure additives to the oil had a marked influence on these pressure variations and it may be possible to discover an additive which will completely prevent the cracking of the oil. ON S'EST APERÇU que les pompes à palettes présentent une diminution de vide maximum, pendant que leur température augmente en cours d' utilisation. Il a été établi que cette augmentation de pression n'est pas dûe à la présençe de vapeurs de l'huile utilisée dans la pompe, mais peut être bien à l'apparition progressive de vapeurs provenant des plus légères parties de l'huile, libérées par décomposition. On en conclut que ce phénomène est dûe à l'effet thermique engendré par les palletes, coulissant dans le rotor, où le phénomène de lubrification limitée existe. L'addition à l'huile de produits pour la lubrification de surfaces coulissant sous de très grandes pressions mécaniques, à un effet certain sur les variations du vide dans la pompe, et il est peut être possible de découvrir un produit qui empêchera complètement la décomposition de l'huile.

Closure to “Discussions of ‘Rotary Oil Meters of the Positive-Displacement and Current Types’” (1939, Trans. ASME, 61, pp. 347–349)

Closure to “Discussions of ‘Rotary Oil Meters of the Positive-Displacement and Current Types’” (1939, Trans. ASME, 61, pp. 347–349)

Rotary Oil Meters of the Positive-Displacement and Current Types

Abstract While much research has been done and a corresponding amount of written material presented on discharge coefficients and operating limitations of the orifice and venturi type of meter for oil measurement, little has been presented on the corresponding performance of quantity meters of the displacement and current or impeller classification. The several types of quantity meters which have found application in the petroleum industry are discussed by the author. The first of these is the displacement meter of the piston type, which has an accuracy essentially independent of the density and viscosity of the liquid measured. A second type in the displacement class is the disk meter, which is critically discussed with respect to accuracy, operating range and rate of flow, and effects of viscosity of the liquid on the accuracy. The third displacement meter discussed is the rotary-vane type which offers a high volumetric efficiency and great accuracy, and is comparable to the piston type with respect to density and viscosity of fluid. In each case, the characteristic accuracy curve of each type of meter is analyzed and the general field of application, together with operating limitations of each meter, are outlined. The current-type meter receives a more lengthy discussion covering both details of construction and operating characteristics for a type which has been adapted for measuring crude oils. Account is given of test results of oils of viscosity from 60 to 500 seconds Saybolt Universal and the effects of viscosity upon accuracy are analyzed and limitations stated. In general, this type of meter offers the advantage of direct reading of quantity and, in its present state of development, with a degree of accuracy equivalent to, and in some cases better than, measurement with the orifice meter, which is brought out by a comparison of possible accuracy with the square-edge orifice in the region of Reynolds’ number lower than 100,000 and the performance of the oil current meter in the same region. Within the range of 60 to 350 S.S.U. viscosity and over an operating range of 15 per cent to maximum, the current meter shows acceptable accuracy in measurement of oil.

Award of the Duddell Medal of the Physical Society

THE council of the Physical Society has awarded the tenth Duddell medal to Prof. Wolfgang Gaede, director of the Physical Institute at Karlsruhe, and until recently professor of physics at the Technische Hochschule there. Prof. Gaede's name will always be associated with the design and production of high vacuum pumps. Before 1905 the production of a vacuum beyond that attainable with a filter pump or piston pump was a tedious operation, carried out almost always with a mercury pump of the Toepler or Sprengel type. The remarkable thing about Gaede's investigations is not merely that at the age of twenty-seven he designed a rotary mercury pump which was simple, easy to work, and marked a great advance, but also that since then he has produced at intervals a number of vacuum pumps, each with a definite field of utility, and some of which are based on wholly new principles developed largely by Gaede himself. Thus the rotary mercury pump of 1905 (for many years the pump chiefly used in electric lamp manufacture) and the rotary oil pump of 1907 were followed in 1913 by the rotary box pump used as a backing pump for high vacuum pumps, and by the molecular air pump, which was the first of the really high-speed pumps. In 1915 came the mercury vapour diffusion pump, the forerunner of nearly all the highspeed vacuum pumps used to-day, whether employing oil or mercury vapour. Within the last ten years, Gaede has designed a family of pumps of several stages, incorporating both the high-vacuum and the fore-vacuum pump into a single unit. A recent outstanding development was the large single-stage diffusion pump designed by Gaede for work at Leyden on solid helium. This had the remarkable speed of several hundred litres per second at a pressure of 1/1000 mm. mercury.

Studies of gas-solid equilibria. Part III.─Pressure-concentration equilibria between silica gel and (a) water, (b) ethyl alcohol, directly determined under isothermal conditions

In this part of the work a thorough examination has been made of the pressure-concentration equilibria between silica gel and ( a ) water, ( b ) ethyl alcohol, at several temperatures, under strictly isothermal conditions and covering the whole range of concentrations possible. “Ascending” and “descending” pressure-concentration isothermals have been drawn from these direct measurements and the reversibility of the systems carefully investigated. The experimental procedure was exactly the same as that used and described in Part II of this work, except that the “cut-off” between the gel system and the calibrated reservoir was heated by a toluene vapour jacket instead of a steam jacket. In these and subsequent experiments the apparatus was constructed of Pyrex glass, with the exception of the calibrated reservoir which was made of ordinary soft glass and sealed to the rest by a graded Pyrex soft glass fused joint. All evacuations were carried out by means of a Gaede two-stage mercury vapour pump with a Gaede rotary oil pump as a backing pump. A McLeod gauge was included in the evacuating system.

Abridgment of calculation of mechanical performance of oil circuit breakers

This paper describes the methods of calculating mechanical performance of a typical rotary type oil circuit breaker, operated by a spring-actuated motor control. For a given spring characteristic, the motion of the breaker is predicted, and time required to reach any position, and the speed at that position, calculated. General formulas are set up. A mechanical test is performed on a specific breaker and a comparison made between calculated and tested results.