Rotary Grinding Research Articles

Microscopic Electric Rotary Grinding of Plaques Combined with Graft Repair in the Management of Peyronie's Disease.

Peyronie's Disease (PD) is clinically characterized by the development of localized fibrous plaques, primarily on the tunica albuginea, especially on the dorsal area of the penis. These plaques are the hallmark feature of this condition, resulting in penile curvature, deformity, and painful erections for affected individuals. Although various nonsurgical treatment options exist, their overall effectiveness is limited. As a result, surgical intervention has become the ultimate choice for patients with severe penile curvature deformities and associated erectile dysfunction. Our research team has successfully employed a combined approach involving microscopic electric rotary grinding of the fibrous plaques and the use of tunica vaginalis or bovine pericardium as graft materials for the repairing of the defects of tunica albuginea in the treatment of PD. This approach has consistently yielded highly satisfactory results regarding the restoration of penile shape, with excellent cosmetic results and significantly improved sexual satisfaction. This protocol aims to present a comprehensive surgical management strategy utilizing electric rotary grinding of the plaques and repairing the defects of tunica albuginea by using the tunica vaginalis, which represents an optimal surgical strategy for treating PD.

Data analysis and optimization of cutting parameters for CNC rotary grinding of a crystal glass

Data analysis and optimization of cutting parameters for CNC rotary grinding of a crystal glass

Numerical Analysis of Stress Force on Vessel Walls in Atherosclerotic Plaque Removal through Coronary Rotational Atherectomy.

Coronary rotational atherectomy is an effective technique for treating cardiovascular disease by removing calcified tissue using small rotary grinding tools. However, it is difficult to analyze the stress force on vessel walls using experiments directly. Using computational fluid dynamics is a better way to study the stress force characteristics of the burr grinding procedure from a fluid dynamics perspective. For this purpose, physical and simulation models of atherosclerotic plaque removal were constructed in this study. The simulation results show that smaller ratios between the burr and arterial diameter (B/A = 0.5) result in a more stable flow field domain. Additionally, the pressure and stress force generated by the 4.5 mm diameter grinding tool reach 92.77 kPa and 10.36 kPa, surpassing those of the 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm grinding tools. The study has demonstrated the use of computational fluid dynamics to investigate wall shear stress characteristics in medical procedures, providing valuable guidance for optimizing the procedure and minimizing complications.

Experimental investigation of the failure of conical picks under thermal and abrasive effects

Conical picks are widely used in fields such as tunnel excavation, and high temperatures often occur on the surfaces of conical picks during the hard rock cutting process. To explore the influence of temperature on the wear of conical picks, a rotary cutting test was arranged. The cutting head torque, heat distribution and wear on the conical pick at different rotating speeds and cutting depths were explored. Moreover, the working process with and without cooling liquid was taken into consideration, and the mass losses of the conical pick under those conditions were analyzed. The experimental results showed that under cooling liquid conditions, the maximum temperature on the conical pick decreased by 230°C, and the mean mass loss of the conical pick decreased by 15.8 g. Therefore, high temperature could not be ignored in hard rock cutting. On the basis of these findings, a method for the measurement of rock abrasiveness was proposed in this paper, and different from previous research, the thermal effect was taken into consideration. A test bed for rock abrasiveness measurement was assembled in which a sintered WC-Co rod was used for rotary grinding on the rock sample, and the mass loss of the grinding rod was determined to evaluate the rock abrasiveness. The loading force between the grinding rod and rock sample was considered in the measurement of rock abrasiveness. The results showed that the mass losses of sintered WC-Co rods increased with the loading force. In addition, the characteristics of oxygen found from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) showed that peeling and cracking could be found at distances of 5 mm and 10 mm from the end face of the grinding rod, and the increased oxygen content suggested obvious oxidization at those regions as well.

Yüksek Hızlı Tren Hatlarında Rayların Yeniden Profillendirilmesinde Döner Taşlama Metodunun Uygulanabilirliği: Ankara-Eskişehir Hattı Örneği

Demir yolu rayları uzun süreli ve emniyetli kullanım için bakım planlaması yapılması gereken en önemli üst yapı elemanlarındandır. Rayların optimum profile sahip olması, sürüş konforunun arttırılması ve ray ömrünün ekonomik olarak uzatılabilmesi için rayların belirli periyotlarla yeniden profillendirme yapılması gereklidir. Bu çalışmada Yüksek Hızlı Tren Hatlarında rayların yeniden profillendirme çalışmalarında mobil ray taşlama makinesi ile döner taşlama metodunun uygulanabilirliği Ankara-Eskişehir hattı özelinde araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle yeniden profillendirme stratejileri ve metotları ele alınmıştır. Çalışma öncesi hattın durumu incelenerek ön ölçümler alınmıştır. Değerlendirme sonucu belirlenen tolerans ve kalite gereksinimlerine göre döner taşlama uygulaması yapılmış olup alınan ölçümler incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonu yapılan değerlendirmede söz konusu metodun Yüksek hızlı Tren Hatlarında uygulanabilir olduğu görülmüştür. Bahse konu çalışmanın literatürde yeteri kadar yer almaması karşısında Yüksek Hızlı Tren Hatlarında yeniden profillendirme stratejilerinin oluşturulmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Экспериментальное исследование трибологических характеристик смазочных масел со слоистыми модификаторами трения и возможности их применения в судовой технике

The paper presents the results of studying the lubricity of several lubricating compositions, two of which contain an antiwear additive based on a layered friction modifier - molybdenum diselenide. Oil MC-20, which does not contain functional antiwear additives, is used as a base lubricating medium and an object of comparison. Two variants for combining an antiwear additive with this oil differ in the process of initial preparation of the additive before adding it to the base lubricating oil by rotary pulsation grinding and stirring. Antiwear tests are arranged in the form of a consistent tribological rating of the given types of lubricating media at various operating time of the friction path of the test samples. The test tool is a rotary-type friction machine of an original design. There are analyzed the differences in the antiwear test methodology and the advantages of the proposed scheme over the analogous one, which is relevant for GOST R 51860-2002. Among the results of the tribological study carried out, topographic patterns of wear of test specimens, the dependence of the wear rate of tribological surfaces on contact pressures, and the dependence of the wear scar diameter on the amount of specimen wear are given. The antiwear additive has been found to contain a layered friction modifier of selenium dichalcogenide (molybdenum diselenide) type, it improves the lubricating film on friction surfaces and reduces their wear compared to the use of nonadditive oil MS-20. The wear degree of a stationary ball-shaped specimen when testing a lubricating medium with the antiwear additive is reduced by 66-85% compared to a base lubricating oil without additives. The diameter of the wear spot on a stationary specimen under these test conditions is reduced by 28-67%, which proves the effectiveness of preliminary preparation by rotary-pulsation mixing of a lubricant composition with a solid suspended base even with a relatively short preparation time.

Removal of Shield Needles from Graphene Oxide Thrombus and Preparation

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease commonly seen in clinical practice. It can lead to thickening of vascular intima, occlusion of lumen stenosis and thrombosis, leading to angina pectoris, hypertension, myocardial infarction and other diseases, posing a serious threat to human life and health. This study provides a method for removing shield needles from graphene oxide thrombus and its preparation. The graphene oxide shield needle mainly includes flexible rotating shaft, radial flexible rod, rotating needle, adsorption main pipe and dosing main pipe, laser measuring device, high definition camera and other structures, which has the following advantages:firstly, it achieves multi-angle rotation grinding thrombosis, precise rotation grinding, avoids vascular damage and infection; secondly, thrombolytic drugs can be applied in the process of rotary grinding and small thrombus can be adsorbed to effectively avoid secondary embolization of blood vessels; thirdly, it a coating of graphene oxide on a rotating needle, which protects against bacteria and infection. This study has practical reference value for the development of thrombotherapy and the application of graphene in the medical field.

Technology of grain dispersion in the production of flourless bread

The paper presents technical solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency of the technological process of dispersion of germinated wheat seeds by the method of gradual reduction of the size of grinding particles to the size determined by the technology for the production of flourless bread, and the wheat seeds supplied for dispersion do not undergo a technological operation to remove the fruit and seed shells. The author’s resource-saving technology and a new developed highly efficient technological equipment are described, which provide for a multiple effect on germinated wheat seeds due to a step-by-step change in the working technological gap. The developed device consists of a variator connected by gears with movable plate-shaped rotors rotating at different angular speeds and having grinding elements installed in a staggered manner. The adjustable gap between the movable disc-shaped rotors is provided by centrifugal forces and changes in the impact force of the grain mass being crushed against the walls of the cylindrical body for final crushing and obtaining the required uniform particle size of the dispersed material. The comparison of the developed and existing technologies for grain dispersion showed that in modern technological machines that provide for multiple mechanical action of the working body on the grain, finely ground fractions with a low content of dietary fibre are formed. The developed technical means are intended to be introduced into the production schemes of bakery shops specializing in the production of high-quality products. It has been established that the use of the developed author’s resource-saving technology for dispersing a grain mixture provides an increase in the total yield of a milled homogeneous grain mass with an increased yield of dietary fibre up to 92%, while using three connected successive grinding zones with rotary grinding elements provides a given fractional composition of the resulting homogeneous grain mass up to 97 %.

Influence of upper limb training and analyzed muscles on estimate of physical activity during cereal grinding using saddle quern and rotary quern

Experimental grinding has been used to study the relationship between human humeral robusticity and cereal grinding in the early Holocene. However, such replication studies raise two questions regarding the robusticity of the results: whether female nonathletes used in previous research are sufficiently comparable to early agricultural females, and whether previous analysis of muscle activation of only four upper limb muscles is sufficient to capture the stress of cereal grinding on upper limb bones. We test the influence of both of these factors. Electromyographic activity of eight upper limb muscles was recorded during cereal grinding in an athletic sample of 10 female rowers and in 25 female nonathletes and analyzed using both an eight- and four-muscle model. Athletes had lower activation than nonathletes in the majority of measured muscles, but except for posterior deltoid these differences were non-significant. Furthermore, both athletes and nonathletes had lower muscle activation during saddle quern grinding than rotary quern grinding suggesting that the nonathletes can be used to model early agricultural females during saddle and rotary quern grinding. Similarly, in both eight- and four-muscle models, upper limb loading was lower during saddle quern grinding than during rotary quern grinding, suggesting that the upper limb muscles may be reduced to the previously used four-muscle model for evaluation of the upper limb loading during cereal grinding. Another implication of our measurements is to question the assumption that skeletal indicators of high involvement of the biceps brachii muscle can be interpreted as specifically indicative of saddle quern grinding.

Feasibility of single-stage stent implantation following rotational atherectomy combined with TAVR

Objective: To explore the feasibility of the single-stage stent implantation following rotational atherectomy combined with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in treating patients with severe aortic stenosis(AS) and severe calcified coronary artery stenosis. Methods: Three patients who received single-stage stent implantation following rotational atherectomy combined with TAVR in Fuwai hospital from April to October 2019 were included in this retrospective analysis. Clinical and anatomical features (including echocardiography and aortic CT) of the patients were collected, efficacy and safety of this operation strategy were observed and 6 months follow up results were summarized. Results: Three patients (2 females, 66-80 years old) were included. The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) risk score was 7.8%. The mean maximum velocity of aortic valve was 4.4 m/s, the mean transvalvular pressure gradient was 53.2 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 48.6%. All three patients had severe calcified coronary artery stenosis: left anterior descending artery (LAD, n=2) and left main coronary artery (LM, n=1), requiring rotary grinding. The mean SYNTAX score was 20. All the procedures were performed through transfemoral access. After aortic valve crossing, all coronary lesions were successfully treated with stent implantation following rotational atherectomy, transfemoral TAVR was then immediately performed with a self-expandable Venus-A valve. One patient underwent"valve-in-valve"implantation due to the high-implantation position of the first valve. The procedures were completed without complications in all the three patients. The immediate effect was satisfactory. Echocardiography results showed that the mean maximum velocity of aortic valve was 2.1 m/s, mean gradient was 9.3 mmHg, and mean LVEF was 59% after the procedure. There was no death and revascularization during the 6 months follow-up. Conclusion: In patients with severe calcified coronary artery and severe AS with high risk of cardiac surgery, the single-stage stent implantation following rotational atherectomy combined with TAVR is feasible and results are satisfactory in this patient cohort.

The Influence of Structural Parameters on the Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Side-Polished Macrobending Plastic Optical Fiber

In this paper the influences of the structured parameters, namely, metal layer thickness, polished depth, macrobending radius and polished angle on the refractive index sensing performances for the side-polished macrobending plastic optical fibers (POFs) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors were investigated. A simple and controllable rotary grinding technique was introduced to fabricate the proposed sensor. The performances of sensitivity, resolution and full width at half maximum (FWHM) were evaluated. The results have demonstrated that the SPR sensor performances could be improved by changing the structural parameters, and the highest sensitivity obtained was 4793.1 nm/RIU when the external refractive index was 1.410. The proposed POFs based SPR sensors are easy fabrication, robust, and compact in size, which are useful for chemical and biological sensing.

Optimization of sequential grinding process in a fuzzy environment using genetic algorithms

The paper presents the methodology of optimization of the sequential grinding process with the application of fuzzy logic for the definition of objectives and constraints imposed on the machining process. The presented method includes the succession of several subsequent operations and the dimensional and shape inaccuracies between them. The use of the fuzzy sets theory enabled the definition of not only the space of expectable solutions, but also the space of acceptable solutions for which the goals and limits imposed on the grinding process are partially met. The presented methodology was used to optimize the process of sequential grinding of small ceramic elements (corundum ceramics with Al2O3 content of 92–99%.) The definition of fuzzy objective and constraints in the process of sequential grinding of small ceramics elements was proposed. The influence of the speed of the rotary grinding table and the machining allowance on the deviation of the flatness and height of the grinding elements and the value of the component of the normal grinding force were determined. Using the developed relationships, the definition of fuzzy objectives and constraints defined in the process output parameter space was transferred to the process parameter set space. In such a defined space, the optimization process was carried out using the genetic algorithm. The analysis of the impact of the applied t-norm functions used for aggregation of the fuzzy objective and constraints on the obtained results was performed. It was shown that in the case of sequential grinding of small ceramic elements, the use of minimum t-norm for an aggregation of grinding objective and constraints allows to achieve the highest process efficiency.

Theoretical study of cut area of reduction of large surfaces of rotation parts on machines with rotary cutters “Extra”

Large parts can be treated without disassembling machines using “Extra”, having technological and design challenges, which differ from the challenges in the processing of these components on the stationary machine. Extension machines are used to restore large parts up to the condition allowing one to use them in a production environment. To achieve the desired accuracy and surface roughness parameters, the surface after rotary grinding becomes recoverable, which greatly increases complexity. In order to improve production efficiency and productivity of the process, the qualitative rotary processing of the machined surface is applied. The rotary cutting process includes a continuous change of the cutting edge surfaces. The kinematic parameters of a rotary cutting define its main features and patterns, the cutting operation of the rotary cutting instrument.

大径シリコンウエハ加工用ロータリ研削盤の開発（第２報：切込み機構内蔵砥石スピンドルの基本特性の検討）

大径シリコンウエハ加工用ロータリ研削盤の開発（第２報：切込み機構内蔵砥石スピンドルの基本特性の検討）

Effects of grain approach angle on machining performance in Si wafer rotary grinding

Effects of grain approach angle on machining performance in Si wafer rotary grinding

Effects of Relative Velocity on Grinding Performances under Si Wafer Rotary Grinding

For the backgrinding of semiconductor devices, a rotary grinding process is indispensable for achieving the required wafer thickness. The relative velocity between the grinding wheel and the wafer is maximum at the periphery of the wafer and minimum at the center of wafer. Generally, the grinding performances are discussed in terms of the ratio of the rotational speeds of the grinding wheel and the wafer. However, it is not possible to use this ratio to determine the grinding conditions for different wafer sizes grinding as this ratio does not show the difference in relative velocity. Therefore, a new relative velocity ratio was defined in this study. Then, the Si wafer grinding was performed to investigate the effect of the surface roughness and the power consumption of the grinding wheel spindle on the relative velocity ratio.

Loop Stiffness of Grinding Machine Developed for 450 mm Silicon Wafers

Increasing the wafer diameter from φ300 mm to φ450 mm is required to enhance semiconductor devices productivity. A high-stiffness rotary grinding machine equipped with water hydrostatic bearings was developed for a φ450 mm silicon wafer. The grinding machine has an upper structure consisting of a wheel spindle system and a lower structure consisting of a rotary worktable system. The spindle shaft creates both rotary and axial feeding motion. The upper and lower structures are clamped together rigidly by three kinematic couplings. A higher loop stiffness is required for the grinding machine because grinding the larger wafer requires a higher grinding force. This paper investigates the loop stiffness of the developed wafer grinding machine.

大径シリコンウエハ加工用ロータリ研削盤の開発（第１報：水静圧ロータリテーブルの基本特性の検討）

Increasing of Si wafer diameter from φ300 mm to φ450 mm is required to enhance productivity of semiconductor devices. The authors developed a high stiff rotary grinding machine, which consists of a rotary table system and a wheel spindle system. These system are rigidly clamped using three ball screws and kinematic couplings. This paper investigates a basic design and the performances of the rotary table system equipped with constant flow water hydrostatic bearings. A fluid analysis around bearing pad was attempted by using the finite volume method in order to enhance a static stiffness of water hydrostatic thrust bearing. Performances of the developed rotary table was evaluated experimentally and compared with the analyzed value. The measured static stiffness and the numerical analyzed static stiffness ware 1.96 kN/μm and 1.97 kN/μm, respectively under the flow rate of each bearing pads Q=30 mL/min.

Study on ductile-mode mirror grinding of SiC ceramic freeform surface using an elliptical torus-shaped diamond wheel

An elliptical torus-shaped diamond wheel is proposed to perform a freeform axial-feed grinding of SiC ceramics. In elliptical form-truing, a new mutual-wear between rotary grinding wheel and fixed dresser is developed to produce an elliptical wheel-profile along elliptical interpolation paths. The objective is to understand how the ductile-mode mirror grinding of hard and brittle material is related to the diamond wheel-profile along with microscopic grain protrusion parameters and macroscopic grinding variables. First, the models of grain cutting depth and surface roughness were constructed by considering grinding variables, grain protrusion parameters, machined curve surface and wheel curve surface; then, the transfer from brittle-mode grinding to ductile-mode grinding was experimentally investigated in connection with elliptical torus eccentricity and grinding variables; finally, the surface quality and the form accuracy of ground freeform surface were observed. It is shown that the elliptical wheel-profile produces larger wheel working area and more valid diamond grains than the arc wheel-profile even in axial-feed grinding of steep freeform surface. It contributes to decreasing the grain cutting depth to the critical cutting depth without nanometer-scale depth of cut, leading to efficient ductile-mode grinding. The experimental results also show that the number of brittle micro-crack and surface roughness easily decrease to ductile-mode mirror grinding state with increasing elliptical torus eccentricity. It is confirmed that accurate and mirror freeform grinding of hard and brittle material may be realized by using an elliptical wheel-profile along with valid grain protrusion and suitable grinding variables.

S1310101 450mmシリコンウエハ用ロータリ研削盤の開発 : 切込機構内蔵砥石スピンドルの静剛性および位置決め精度

S1310101 450mmシリコンウエハ用ロータリ研削盤の開発 : 切込機構内蔵砥石スピンドルの静剛性および位置決め精度