Rotary Feeder Research Articles

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DESIGNS OF MODERN PICK-UP TRUCKS AND EFFICIENCY OF THEIR WORK IN THE PROCUREMENT OF STEM FORAGE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGHLY NUTRITIONAL PROTEIN-VITAMIN PASTE AND PULLEY

In the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, all types of leafy fodder are used, which make up almost 50-60% of the cost price of livestock products. The choice of existing harvesting technologies depends on the required type of fodder, the method of harvesting the cultivated crop, the available number of technical means and machines in the farm. The use and introduction of new energy-saving means in the conditions of an acute energy crisis, which is currently observed in almost all branches of the national economy, especially in the technologies of harvesting stem fodder, is of particular importance. One of the directions for solving the mentioned problems is the use of pick-up trucks in the technological process of harvesting hay, haylage, and green mass. The research methodology is based on the application of methods of analysis and analogy, analytical methods, methods of higher mathematics and numerical calculations. When studying and comparing the design and technological parameters of pick-up trucks, it has been found that they mainly consist of a frame, a trailer, a chassis, a pick-up with a shredder, a body, an unloading device and a hydraulic system. For additional unloading of fodder in the feeder, pick-up trucks are made with a dosing device. As for the undercarriage of such machines, it can be single-axle, tandem or three-axle with forced control, depending on the load capacity. The bodies are mostly welded, in most models they are somewhat narrowed down. They can have folding or removable upper parts of the sides. The upper part of the body is covered with an awning or longitudinal synthetic ropes to prevent loss of grass mass in case of overflow. Mass pick-up is carried out according to the classic scheme, thanks to drum-finger pick-ups of different grip widths in the range of 0.55 - 2.1 m. It is noted that most models use a simple and reliable rotary feeder. This is a cylindrical drum on the surface of which curved fingers are fixed, thus forming a star-like shape. The number of fingers around the drum varies from 2 to 9, depending on the diameter. This design of the feeder allows it to be used not only in pick-up trucks, but also in press pick-ups. The rotary feeder differs in length from 1470 to 2000 mm and diameter from 600 to 880 mm, the number of rows of fingers, their design (length of the finger and the shape of the line of the working surface) and the method of mounting on the drum. The effectiveness of pick-up trucks in harvesting stem fodder for the production of highly nutritious protein-vitamin paste and pulp is studied. The dependence of changes in the operational productivity of pick-up trucks is established, which takes into account the time spent on eliminating technological violations of the work process, performing periodic maintenance operations, converting or completing the unit, and eliminating technical malfunctions.

Emission analysis of sugarcane bagasse combustion in a burner pilot

Although biomass is from a renewable source, and its biological development captures CO2, burning emits a mixture of various components, such as particulate materials, CO2, CO, NOx, oxides, VOCs, among others, and may contain F, Hg and As. These gases contribute toward anthropogenic air polluting agents and are emitted for energy sources by various industrial sectors, such as sugarcane bagasse burning, which is a waste product of the sugar and alcohol industry. This study aims to quantify gas emissions, mainly CO2, CO, and NOx, from sugarcane bagasse burning under different burner operating conditions and to evaluate the emission and control of these pollutants using a Venturi scrubber. The sugarcane bagasse combustion process occurred in an experimental burner, comprising a rotary feeder, combustion chamber, exhaust gas chamber, Venturi scrubber, cyclone, blowers, and exhaust ducts. The Venturi scrubber, located between the burner and the cyclone, has a rectangular geometry. The gas velocity was evaluated from 3.4 to 11 m/s and the water flow rates from 2.5 L/min to 6.0 L/min. The results indicate that CO concentrations ranged from 34 to 311 ppm, the NOx concentrations from 8 to 80 ppm, while CO2 reached values from 6000 to 26000 ppm. Investigating and quantifying these emissions are important to understand the global carbon balance, given the considerable magnitude of CO2 emissions from these non-fossil fuels.

Mathematical modeling and reliability analysis for pellet manufacturing unit of a polymer section

The study has been performed to know the availability of operating equipment in the industrial unit with mathematical modeling. The pellet manufacturing unit is a repairable system that can work satisfactorily after getting proper maintenance of a polymer section at naphtha cracker unit. It consists of various subsystems, namely steamer agitator, dryer, rotary feeders, feeders and screw feeder machine. The number of failures of a subsystem and its repair rate with respect to time are assumed to be constant. In current paper, system behaviour was analysed for knowing the actual availability in the unit with available maintenance data. The maintenance department’s history sheets were used to compile the data for all five subsystems. The probability-based approach of Markov process used for developing partial differential equations which are further solved by putting the sum of all the events equal to one. The steady state availability with known parameters were calculated to know the system availability. A critical analysis of subsystems has been carried out to enhance the performance of above said unit. It was observed that feeder subsystem was affecting the system availability more as compare to other subsystems. If failure rate increases, system availability decreases up to 7.0% and repair rate increases, availability increases up to 9.4%. That’s why maintenance priority should be given to this subsystem. The calculated results are communicated to the relevant authorities so that the right maintenance choices can be carried out on time.

Numerical Simulations of the Exploitation Parameters of the Rotary Feeder

Abstract The article presents the problems of determining the mass efficiency of a rotary feeder depending on the selection of design parameters of the device, such as outer diameter, number of blades and rotational speed of the rotor. The hitherto theoretical methods of calculating the feeder efficiency were presented, as well as a new method of determining the device operation parameters was proposed. For this purpose, the numerical Discrete Element Method was used, which allowed simulating the transport of limestone powder in a cell feeder with various design variants. The results of the tests showed that the above design parameters affect the instantaneous efficiency of the feeder and thus impact the distribution of the dosed material during the operation of the device. Depending on the design solution, the simulation results gave information on the fill factor of the feeders. The study showed a significant potential of DEM simulation in the design of circular feeders intended for dosing bulk materials.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПАРАМЕТРОВ РАБОТЫ ФРЕЗЫ СНЕГООЧИСТИТЕЛЯ ОТБРАСЫВАЮЩЕГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ ВЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ УГЛА ЗАХОДА ЛЕНТЫ ФРЕЗЫ И РАЗМЕРОВ ЧАСТИЦ

The work objective is to assess the effect of cutter band angle on the power required for transporting the snow by the cutter feeder of the rotary snowplow and its performance, taking into account the interaction of snowflakes with each other.
 The problem to which the paper is devoted is to find out the influence of the angle, the size of the transported particles on the productivity of the feeder cutter and the power spent on moving the snow as a group of interacting flakes of finite size.
 Research methods: theoretical studies and simulation of the feeder cutter operation during transportation of snow as a group of interacting flakes of finite size. 
 The novelty of the work lies in the fact that simulation, for the first time, gives theoretical description of changes in the productivity of a cutter and rotary snowplow feeder of and the power costs for transporting snow depending on the cutter band angle and the typical size of snowflakes in conditions of their interaction with each other, and also approximating equations of changes in productivity and power costs depending on the cutter band angle and typical size of snowflakes. 
 The study results show that an increase in the cutter band angle leads to a nonlinear increase in power costs for transporting snowflakes, described by a fourth degree polynomial. An increase in the typical flake size of the transported snow in the cutter feeder of the rotary snowplow also causes a nonlinear increase in the power costs for transporting snow, which is described by a second degree polynomial. The increase in productivity with an increase in the cutter band angle is described by a fourth degree polynomial, and with an increase in the typical flake size by the third degree one. The areas of maximum power consumption and maximum productivity have an offset relative to each other in the coordinates of the typical flake size and the cutter band angle. 
 Conclusions: the influence of the cutter band angle and the size of transported snowflakes on the main parameters of the cutter feeder operation are defined. The results of theoretical studies correlate with the results of practical studies, which indicates the feasibility of using a mathematical model that takes into account the interaction of transported snowflakes in further studies aimed at improving the efficiency of feeder of the rotary snowplows.

Status and Characteristics of Ferrosilicon Industry in China

Currently, Chinese ferrosilicon industry shows characteristics including highly concentrated industrial regions, graded utilization of materials, large-scale submerged arc furnace, and application of automation equipment. Chinese ferrosilicon industry is highly concentrated in five major regions, where mineral and electric power resources are fully exploited to develop the coal-electricity-metallurgy and coal-coke-gas-electricity--metallurgy-magnesium industrial chains. Production relies on both the silica resources of Helan mountain and Qilian Mountain, and the unique semi coke with particle size of 5-18mm produced from Jurassic sticky coal in Shenfu region. A series of different characterization methods are used to achieve the graded utilization of materials, and the smelting power consumption could be optimized to 7200-7300kWh per ton of FeSi75. China encourages and support large-scale ferrosilicon furnaces, the load of new-built submerged arc furnace in the country are around 33-40MW, and the largest furnace reaches 63MW. Erdos as the biggest ferrosilicon producer in the world, has a capacity of more than 1 million tons per year. The load of its largest furnace is 50MW. Erdos is committed to the development of full-process automation for ferrosilicon production, which covers raw material storage and transportation, batching, distribution, electrode operation, charge-mix surface treatment, furnace discharge, casting and product crushing. For instance, the use of a self-developed automatic rotary feeder reduced the smelting energy consumption by optimizing the structure of charge-mix layer. The application of the automatic tapping machine allows robots to replace manpower in key and hazardous positions. This paper deeply analyzes the ferrosilicon industry characteristics in China and provides reference for the development of the ferrosilicon industry

Reliability Analysis for Rotary Feeder 561 BF 1 at PT Semen Bosowa Banyuwangi

Maintenance is an important activity in a manufacturing company. This paper focuses on reliability analysis for Rotary Feeder 561 BF 1 at PT Semen BosowaBanyuwangi. Mean Time to Failure and Reliablity were calculated. We concluded thatreliability at running time 240 hours or 10 days is 99.33%, while reliability damage at running hours 1920 hours or 80 days is 60.48% therefore before running hours 1920 equipment and materials need to be prepared for corrective maintenance.

Experimental investigations for erosive wear of Mild Steel Pipe bends at different positions in Pneumatic Conveying System (PCS)

Pharmaceutical and chemical industries have been using transportation of various material/powder through pipes. The bend was punctured in the conveying system during the flow of material and finally stops the production. The scientists and researchers are working on material and mechanism to reduce the material loss of the bends. An experimental investigation have been carried out for erosive wear in pipe bends of a pneumatic conveying pipe line. Six bends has been considered for the investigation of wear at 90° from rotary feeder to air filter. The Comparison of erosive wear was investigated for all six pipe bends. The bend 2 was the most critical place in the pipeline. Other five bends had less erosion than the bend 2 due to maximum velocity of the flow.

Parameter Simulation and Analysis of Rotary Feeder

As a kind of continuous conveying equipment for powder and pellets, rotary feeder is widely used in the processing of non-staple food products, chemical industry production, metal smelting, wine brewing and terminal transportation because of its convenient control, high reliability and stable transportation. Such industries have an important position in the bulk material conveying industry. Different process parameters and structural parameters of the rotary feeder will have an impact on the conveying effect. The process parameters affecting the conveying effect mainly include rotor speed and material filling coefficient. In this paper, the dismantling rotary feeder with the rotor diameter of Ф62 is studied by simulation and test, and the influence of rotor speed and material filling coefficient on the conveying effect is analyzed.

Improving the reliability and service life of the pneumatic distributor for distributing feed to cages

In this paper, we consider effective delivery of feed to fish cages. The rotary feeders design analysis is performed. Their disadvantages are analyzed. Possible ways to improve reliability are identified: rotor balancing, elimination of moving parts in design. The design of the feeder without moving parts is proposed, which provides the required parameters of feed distribution in cages and at the same time has high reliability and almost unlimited service life. To justify the design parameters of the feeder, we developed design factors that affect the feed distribution process (height of the pipe cut, height of the cone position, radius of curvature of the generatrix), and an integral criterion for evaluating the quality of feed distribution. The integral criterion includes an assessment of the effective area of feed distribution in the cage and its uniformity. A numerical multifactor study was performed and the optimal values of design factors were determined with the maximum value of the integral criterion that determines the efficiency of the feed distribution process. Based on the results of processing the obtained data, the high quality of feed distribution in cages and the prospects of the proposed design of the feeder as a whole were determined.

ASSESSMENT OF THE DETERMINATION DETAILS OF CONNECTED TRIBOSYSTEMS CONNECTED

In the course of their work, rotary feeders were studied, which continuously submitted the cod in the boiler of alkaline solution at a temperature of 160°C and a pressure of 1.2 MPa. At the same time, under pressure of the hydro-abrasive stream of alkali, wear and increase of the gap in the feeder occurs, which makes it impossible to operate the automated transport system. To reduce the gap in the feeder, the mechanism of the add-on of the rotor is used, which allows to continuously compensate for the gaps formed during wear during the year. The total amount of wear of the rotor and the body, which is used to compensate for wear in the nodes of friction, depends on the initial conicity and the magnitude of the axial displacement of one of the parts.During operation, under the action of an alkaline hydroabrasive medium, an increase in the clearance between the rotating rotor and the body occurs, which is accompanied by an increased alkali flow through the feeder and the cessation of the loading of the boiler's chip. To compensate for the gap, a special mechanism of the additive is provided, with the help of which the movement of the rotor in the axial direction to the depth of the conical body by 1-2 mmreduces the gap by 25-50 microns.Mathematical dependences are obtained for determining: the total wear of the connecting parts, the values of the angles of the taper and the biases of the joints. For automation of technological processes it is expedient to use in friction knots connecting conic surfaces which provide for a long time the cyclic compensation of the gap formed as a result of wear. The angles of the taper and the slopes on the interconnected surfaces are kept constant on both the rotating part and the non-rotating part. The angles of the taper and the slopes on the interconnected surfaces that came out of the connection vary from the original values. The total amount of wear of the rotor and the body that goes on to compensate for wear in the nodes of friction depends on the initial conicity and the magnitude of the axial displacement of one of the parts. Mathematical dependences are obtained for determining: the total wear of the connecting parts, the values of the angles of the taper and the biases of the joints. сопрягаемых деталей, величины углов конусности и уклонов сопряжений.

Methods and devices for processing the stemstock of cereal crops harvested using combine stripper harvester technology

The purpose of research is the development of methods and devices for the treatment of dense crop when harvesting grain crops with combines. Methods for utilization of dense crop are chopping with rotary shredders after threshing, cutting of recycled stalks into fragments during thrashing with tow, cutting of stripped stalks by a cleaning unit with its simultaneous laying in a roll. The development of methods was carried out taking into account the requirements for tillage carried out after the harvest of cereal crops on the fields, which should be prepared for the cultivation of subsequent crops according to the traditional, minimal and zero technology. For shredding the combed stems of cereal crops, a device has been developed that is mounted on the header and the inclined chamber of the combine, cutting the stems into parts of 140-170 mm and putting them into spreading. On the basis of mounted on the combine and trailed roller headers, equipped with an integrating conveyor, rotary feeder and chopper, schemes of a trailed harvesting unit are developed. These schemes provide the grinding and distribution of the material across the header's width. The possibility of collecting and loading the crushed material into the vehicle is considered. For harvesting straw for various needs from dense crop, a unit was proposed for harvesting grain crops with a nozzle with simultaneous cutting and gathering of the stems in a swath. Behind the cutting header, the cutting apparatus is hung, and on the left and right, side rakes are attached to the header and combine harvester, which feed the cut mass into the inter-track space of the combine. Cut stalks in the left and right front wheel tracks of the combine are retracted to the sides by special guiding devices. The proposed technical solutions are protected by patents of the Russian Federation for inventions.

Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Milling and Rotary Snowblower Feeder in the Loading Gate Area

The article deals with the issue of the experimental determination of vector projections values of airflow velocities normal to the loading gate plane of the milling and rotary snowblower feeder. An experimental setup that allows the physical measurements of airflow rates in the loading gate area is described. Based on the results of the measurements obtained with the use of the test bench, an assessment is made of the distribution nature for the values of the projections of airflow rate vectors over the loading gate area. Regression equations of airflow rate vector projections are presented considering the angular rotation rate of the feeder cutter for individual points in the loading gate plane. The mathematical model description, the results of the numerical simulation of the airflow movement in the loading gate area and the comparative analysis of the experimental studies results are also presented.

Design and Effect of Equivalence Ratio on Performance Characteristics of Lab Scale FBC Gasifier

Background/Objectives: Gasification was carried in a Lab scale FBC gasifier of 0.27 m diameter and 1.2 m height with superficial air velocity of 2.16 m 3 per hour of controlled air. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The experiment was conducted with the saw dust as fuel, fed through rotary feeder for gasification. The gasification was initiated by feeding the fired charcoal into the reactor along with the air for partial combustion. By varying the equivalence ratio, the composition of producer gas and gas yield was recorded. The gasification temperature was maintained by sand without any other external sources of heating such as heating filaments and steam. Findings: The end product of gasification was producer gas, which is obtained by maintaining bed fluidised by supplying the optimum air in order to achieve the partial combustion. The gas was produced successfully with limited air and without external source of heat. The gas analyser is used to measure the percentage composition of producer gas and temperature is measured with thermocouple. The readings are measured by varying the equivalence ratio. The measured values are tabulated and plotted in graph for discussion. It is found that, increasing the equivalence ratio results in increase of gas yields and gasification temperature. The gasifier designed was found suitable to use in rural areas for furnace applications. Application/Improvements: Biggest challenge lies in developing the gasification system with reliable gas purification system and with power generation source for supplying air.

8 - REMOVED: Feeding of Mills and Conveying of Bagasse

This chapter has been removed. Please see Elsevier Policy on Article Removal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This chapter has been removed as the rights have been returned to the author.

Separation of harmful impurities from refuse derived fuels (RDF) by a fluidized bed

In firing systems of cement production plants and coal-fired power plants, regular fossil fuels are increasingly substituted by alternative fuels. Rising energy prices and ambitious CO2-reduction goals promote the use of alternative fuels as a significant contribution to efficient energy recovery. One possibility to protect energy resources are refuse-derived fuels (RDF), which are produced during the treatment of municipal solid, commercial and industrial waste. The waste fractions suitable for RDF have a high calorific value and are often not suitable for material recycling. With current treatment processes, RDF still contains components which impede the utilization in firing systems or limit the degree of substitution. The content of these undesired components may amount to 4wt%. These, in most cases incombustible particles which consist of mineral, ceramic and metallic materials can cause damages in the conveying systems (e. g. rotary feeder) or result in contaminations of the products (e. g. cement, chalk). Up-to-date separation processes (sieve machine, magnet separator or air classifier) have individual weaknesses that could hamper a secure separation of these particles.This article describes a new technology for the separation of impurities from refuse derived fuels based on a rotating fluidized bed. In this concept a rotating motion of the particle bed is obtained by the tangential injection of the fluidization gas in a static geometry. The RDF-particles experience a centrifugal force which fluidized the bed radially. The technical principle allows tearing up of particle clusters to single particles. Radially inwards the vertical velocity is much lower thus particles of every description can fall down there. For the subsequent separation of the particles by form and density an additionally cone shaped plate was installed in the centre. Impurities have a higher density and a compact form compared to combustible particles and can be separated with a high efficiency. The new technology was experimentally investigated and proven using model-RDF, actual-RDF and impurities of different densities. In addition, numerical simulations were also done. The fluidization chamber was operated in batch mode. The article describes experiences and difficulties in using rotating fluidized bed systems.

Estimating the effect of rotary table feeder working organs’ parameters on its performance

A table feeder for friable components of mixed fodder is examined. Degree of its working organs parameters’ effect on the performance is estimated by means of screening experiment.

A Cutting Device for Improving the Low-Fluidity Bulk Handling Performance of Belt Conveyor-Type Continuous Unloaders

As material-handling equipment for unloading bulk materials such as iron ore and grain from vessels at harbor piers, continuous unloaders play an important role from the viewpoint of handling performance and environmental protection. Among the various types, belt conveyor-type unloaders are required to provide highly versatile handling performance covering low- to high-fluidity bulk materials. When low-fluidity bulk materials are handled, handling performance decreases and electric energy consumption increases because they do not flow easily into a scraping device. For a scraping device consisting of a horizontal screw and a rotary feeder, this paper proposes a cutting device in which multiple rotatable blades are arranged outside the scraping device. It also describes the basic structure and design guideline of the newly proposed cutting device to improve its low-fluidity bulk handling performance. Furthermore, the driving conditions of the cutting device are optimized, and the improvement of the handling performance is verified by experimental analyses using a model manufactured based on the design guideline. Cement, which is a typical low-fluidity bulk with a large angle of repose, is used for experiments. Low-fluidity bulk materials such as coal, converter slag and soybean meal having some different physical properties from those of cement, such as larger particle size, higher bulk density or higher moisture content, are also examined and discussed as materials for digging. The effect of each physical property on the handling performance, as well as the effect of the proposed device and its effectiveness toward stabilization, are also be clarified, including the basic design and method of optimization.

Lithium technologies for edge plasma control

We have investigated two new modes of operation been in T-10 limiter tokamak experiments with a novel rotary feeder of lithium dust. Quasi steady-state mode I and pulse mode II of dust delivery were realized in both OH and OH+ECRH disruption free plasmas at the lithium flow rate up to 2×1021atoms/s. A higher flow rate in mode II with injection rate of ∼5×1021atoms/s caused a series of minor disruptions, which was completed by discharge termination after the major disruption. The observed decreases of bolometer and Dβ signals, with increase of the electron density during the lithium dust injection, reveal the effects of the first wall conditioning. The lithium technology may provide inherent safety pathway for major disruption mitigation in a tokamak reactor, which requires demonstration in contemporary tokamak experiments.

Effects of creep feeder design and feed accessibility on preweaning pig performance and the proportion of pigs consuming creep feed

Objective: To determine the effects of creep feeder design and feed accessibility on preweaning performance and the proportion of eaters of creep feed. Materials and methods: A total of 54 sows and their litters were assigned to three treatments: rotary feeder with hopper, rotary feeder without hopper, and pan feeder. A creep diet with 1.0% chromic oxide was offered ad libitum from Day 18 until weaning (Day 21). Fecal samples were collected from piglets with sterile swabs 3 to 12 hours before weaning. Piglets were categorized as “eaters” when either of the two fecal samples was colored green; otherwise, they were categorized as “non-eaters.” Pigs were weighed Days 0 (birth), 18, and 21, and litter creep-feed disappearance was determined daily. Results: There were no differences (P > .05) in preweaning gains and weaning weights of pigs and litters using the different types of creep feeder. Litters provided creep feed using the rotary feeder with the hopper had 2.7 times lower total creep-feed disappearance than litters using the rotary feeder without the hopper and the pan feeder (P < .001). However, the rotary feeder with the hopper produced the highest proportion of pigs consuming creep feed within the litter (80%; P < .001). Implications: The proper choice of creep feeder is essential to manage creep feeding and to maximize the number of eaters in the litter. A creep feeder with a hopper may create more eaters with less feed wastage.