Rotary Cutter Research Articles

Structural analysis and application research for controlled strand length cutting blade of rotary guillotine cutter

In the tobacco processing stage leading to the production of cigarettes, there are strict technical requirements for the structure and proportion of different lengths of cut tobacco following the cutting process. Moreover, the lightweight design of the high-speed rotary-cutting blades is of significant importance during this stage. To better address issues related to the rational design of the blade structure in rotary-cutting cutters and the effective control of size proportion of cut tobacco, this paper establishes a CLSC blade design method featuring concave-convex edges and inter-edge grooves, and provides specific structural schemes. By introducing the structure of the cutting components of the cutter and the cutting process, and by analyzing the differences in layout features between RSEC and CLSC blade structures, as well as their relevance to tobacco cutting and shaping, this paper establishes the installation constraints and mechanical load model for cutter blades under rated conditions. Finite element methods were used to model and analyze both types of cutter blade structures, yielding static and modal analysis data. Furthermore, production verification was conducted on an SD EVO cutter, and data on the rate of different lengths of cut tobacco were obtained. The results show that the mass of the CLSC concave-convex edge cutter blade was reduced by 4.33%, and the static stiffness efficiency was increased by 2.37 times. Although the first-six natural frequencies of the CSLC blade showed degradation in modal analysis, it still met the equipment vibration usage condition. The production verification results indicated that the use of CLSC concave-convex edge cutter blades reduced the long cut rate by 2.48%, increased the medium cut rate by 2.29%, broken cut rate increased by 0.08%, and increased the short cut rate by 0.12%, with an overall reduction in the whole cut rate by 0.19%, achieving the objectives of reducing the long cut rate, controlling the whole cut rate, and not increasing the broken cut rate. The CLSC blades were able to operate continuously, stably, and safely on the rotary-cutting cutter machine. The research presented in this paper can provide a reference for the analysis and design of cutter blade structures in tobacco cutter machines.

交错苗带式大豆精量免耕播种机设计与试验

According to the requirements of soybean stripping planting in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, a new planting mode was proposed, and a no-tillage staggered seedling belt soybean precision planter was designed. A seed-metering device with staggered distribution of sockets was designed. The optimal parameter combination was obtained through simulation analysis, and its structural rationality was verified through bench experiments. It achieved staggered seedling belt seeding; a retractable top rod seeding device was designed to improve seeding efficiency; the arrangement of the rotary cutter for the seedling belt cleaning and preparation device was designed to reduce work energy consumption. The field experiment results showed that when the forward speed was 8 km/h, the reliability and trafficability of the no-tillage staggered seedling belt soybean precision planter were qualified. The qualified rate of sowing depth was 92.6%, the qualified rate of grain spacing was 94.4%, the leak sowing rate was 1.8%, the repeat sowing rate was 38%, the seed exposure rate was 0.74%, and the operation efficiency was 1.92hm2/h.

THE EFFECT OF THE DESIGN OF A ROTARY PEAKLESS TURNING TOOL WITH CHIPBREAKER ON THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS

One of the methods of high-performance finishing turning is based on the use of peakless cutters, the cutting edge of which in the cutting plane is inclined to the axis of the workpiece, and the angle in the plan is most often zero. It is not the tip that is in contact with the workpiece, but a certain part of the cutting edge of the cutter, as a result of which turning is carried out in conditions close to the conditions of free cutting. The design of a rotary peakless rotary turning cutter with a chip breaker is devoid of one of the design disadvantages – the presence of a vertex, the weakest and most worn part of the cutting edge of conventional cutters. A constantly renewable cutting edge due to its rotation allows you to evenly distribute wear, temperature and specific loads, which significantly increases the service life of the cutting tool. Rotary peakless rotary turning cutter with a chip breaker for turning external surfaces, in the design of which a cup cutting plate is placed, mounted and rotating on an axis with bearings and due to its rotation allows the tool to provide high processing performance, increase the operating time and service life of the cutting tool due to the adjustable angle of inclination of the cutting edge – makes it possible to process various materials, and the presence of a chip breaker in the structure allows to improve the quality and reduce the roughness of the treated surface, as well as the chip formation process. Keywords: turning, self-rotating cutter, rotary cutter, peakless cutter, wear, roughness.

Kinematic analysis of the movement of the active knife cutter of chicory roots

Chicory roots are a valuable technical and strategically important crop for the leading sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The processing of raw materials from chicory roots allows to obtain energy (biofuel), food (coffee) and pharmaceutical (inulin) products. The low level of mechanization of harvesting root crops and, especially, harvesting both chicory and chicory root crops (significant losses, damage) does not allow to provide the needs of raw materials for its processing, or the necessary provision of the food industry of the Ukrainian economy and the fodder base of animal husbandry due to an increase in the amount of use root crops of chicory. One of the reserves for improving the performance of machines for harvesting chicory root crops is the improvement of the technological process of harvesting ginseng through the use of improved main working organs – a rotary ginseng cutter and a cutter of ginseng residues from the heads of root crops. The purpose of the work is to increase the indicators of the technological process of harvesting chicory root crops by developing and substantiating the parameters of the cutter's working organs. On the basis of the conducted theoretical analysis of the process of movement of the active cutter knife along the head of the root crop, analytical dependencies were developed that functionally describe the process of movement of the active cutter knife along the root crop head, which made it possible to substantiate the main structural and kinematic parameters of the active cutter knife. It has been established that the working length of the active knife of the cutter of the remains of burdock from the heads of root crops is in the range from 0.25 to 0.3 m, provided that the maximum permissible deviation of the vertical axis of the root crop from the axis of the row at the speed of movement of the burdock harvesting module is from 1.6 to 2.2 m /s and the speed of movement of the cutting edge of the blade of the active knife in the range from 0.3 to 0.8 m/s.

Development and validation of an automatic recording microcontroller-based pendulum impact cutter

Knowledge of rice straw bunch in respect of cutting energy is the important factor for optimization of cutting elements in straw chopping system. A micro controller-based pendulum impact cutter was developed during 2019–21 at the ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The system was integrated with load cell, adjustable pendulum arm and adjustable shear and approach angle (0–30 degree) during the cutting experiment. In this study, straw bunch cutting energy at the lowest point of Node 3 was examined which is just above the ground surface. Three type of blades SMS serrated, cutter bar and SMS plain blade were used to determine cutting energy. In order to determine the cutting energy requirement of straw bunch, the mechanical and physical properties of straw were determined. The results represent that the cutting force was significantly affected by blade type, shear angle and approach angle. The minimum cutting energy for SMS serrated, cutter bar and SMS plain blade was registered as 120, 189 and 243 J, respectively among all combinations of shear and approach angle. Developed recording type pendulum impact cutter was compared with the traditional method at selected combination of shear and approach angle for all the three blades and the relative error was recorded between 4–6%. It was concluded that with increasing approach angle at constant shear angle the cutting force initially decreased up to 20 degree and rapid increase from 20 to 30 degree of approach angle. Consequently, the SMS serrated blade emerges as the preferred choice for the rotary impact cutter development, showcasing the potential of this research in advancing straw chopping technology.

Harvesting and Threshing Methods for Paddy-I: A Review

Harvesting methods adopted for paddy crop are largely dependent on the land size of the farmers. Mechanized methods are completely implemented by the farmers of medium and large categories. On the other hand, the marginal and small farmers are struggling between manual and mechanized methods because of unavailability of implements that can suit to their land size an economic level. Cutting and threshing operations are performed separately which are responsible for more input cost and grain loss. Various methods of harvesting were studied and the loss of grain associated with the methods is emphasized. In manual method, before threshing, the cutting, collecting, bundling and transportation operation requires which consumes time, energy and cost and increase the grain loss significantly. In mechanized methods, the time, energy and input cost can be minimized. The manual crop cutting requires about 8 to 12 and 25 to 45 times, respectively, more man-hours per hectare compared to rotary blade cutter and vertical conveyor reaper. The field capacity of manual harvesting methods is 4 to 10 times less than the mechanized methods.

Quality assurance of the surface layer of sliding bearing parts based on planetary rotary turning

The quality of a regular microrelief formed by planetary rotary turning using a combined tool is considered. Processing of cylindrical surfaces with the developed tool (rotary cutter) increases their wear resistance by 1,6 times compared to turning with prismatic cutters and by 1,3 times compared to grinding. When turning with a rotary cutter, the hardening depth is 0,07÷0,12 mm, and the hardening depth is determined by the microhardness of the surface layer. Keywords: wear resistance, microrelief, surface quality, planetary turning, sliding bearing, rotary cutting. bashmur@bk.ru, petrovsky_quality@mail.ru

Research of deformation processes and features of chip formation in rotary turning with multifaceted cutters

The theoretical and experimental substantiation of the processes of formation of finely crushed chips is presented by increasing the resulting cutting speed and the intensity of deformation processes during rotary turning with multifaceted cutters. Keywords: rotary turning, multifaceted rotary cutter, chip breaking. mexanixs@mail.ru

Point Pair-Based Expression of Cutter Swept Envelopes in Five-Axis Milling

This paper proposes an efficient method of formulating cutter swept envelopes in five-axis milling based on conformal geometric algebra. The surface of the rotary cutter is represented as a canal surface, as the envelope of a one-parameter family of spheres. The swept envelopes generated by the general rigid motion of the cutter can be regarded as the envelopes of a two-parameter family of spheres. With the help of the dual representations of spheres and planes in conformal space, a point pair-based expression of the swept envelopes is formulated analytically, which represents two surfaces uniformly. By using the present method, the swept surfaces of a conical cutter, a drum-shaped cutter, and a toroidal cutter are illustrated. As an application, two types of collision detection methods for 5-axis milling are presented based on the point pair-based envelope expression. The benchmark examples demonstrate that the use of the proposed envelope expression significantly improves computational efficiency.

Modeling the Process of Cutting the Volume of Soil in the Software Package Abaqus

The purpose of the study is to develop an algorithm for modeling the process of cutting an infinite volume of soil with a flat cutter in the software package Abaqus. The hypothesis of the existence of cutting resistance energy and volume is given. Analysis of shockwave propagation in soil volume is given. Model of soil cutting by milling cutter of different diameter is constructed. Boundary conditions for the model of volume of ground are determined. Boundary conditions for rotary cutter with linear feed are determined. The Drucker-Prager plastic model with the possibility of failure of elements when they reach critical values is used. Stresses in the ground when the cutter hits the ground surface are determined. Confirmation of a hypothesis about existence of energy and volume of resistance to cutting is received. Recommendations for modeling the cutting process in the software package Abaqus are given

Effect of optimizing the use of endoscope on the efficiency of microdynamic bromhidrosis removal operation.

Bromhidrosis, also known as body odor, is a common disease in life, which often occurs in young adults. The histological basis of bromhidrosis is the hyperplasia of apocrine sweat glands. To compare the effects of different methods of endoscopy in microdynamic axillary osmidrosis removal on curative effect, complications, and surgical efficiency. A total of 149 patients with axillary osmidrosis were treated in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. They were treated with endoscopic assistance in the whole process of operation (Group A) and endoscope-assisted exploration after blind rotary cutter suction (Group B), respectively, and the curative effect, complication rate, and surgical efficiency were evaluated. There was no significant difference in the curative effect and complication rate between the two groups, but the endoscope-assisted exploration group after suction with rotary cutter (Group B) had higher surgical efficiency. On the basis of professional use of rotary cutter, it is efficient to choose endoscope to check the excision of sweat gland in the operation area and stop bleeding in time after blind suction.

Stress corrosion cracking of 316LN stainless steel with orthogonal scratches

316LN stainless steel is used to produce the third generation primary circuit pipe of pressurized water reactor (PWR). Its internal and external pipe surfaces are generally introduced with scratches when manufactured, transported and installed processes, making their research and discovery on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) sensitivity challenging. In the present study, multiple orthogonal scratches on 316LN stainless steel are prepared using the rotary cutting head. The effects of the orthogonal scratches on the SCC of 316LN stainless steel are investigated. The experimental results show that the force bearing point of this kind of rotary cutter head is near 60° on the side, which is different from the common cutter head. At the intersection of orthogonal scratches, larger strain concentration and more oxide particles can be formed comparing with single scratch. With increasing strain concentration, the more nucleation sites and the greater growth driving force for the oxide particles can be formed. Thus larger and more oxide particles in this case are generated, resulting in finally a greater SCC sensitivity.

The Design of a New Type Fruit Dicing Machine

The demand for fruit is very large, especially fresh-cut fruit is more and more popular, custom-cut fruit machine has emerged. However, the current market of automatic cutting machine exists in general low efficiency, poor applicability of the problem. The author has carried on the market research according to the people's consumption habit, and has completed a new-type fruit cutting machine design. In this paper, a small automatic dicing machine is designed for household use, which adopts the design idea of household appliances, in the work efficiency, product appearance, the use of experience and manufacturing costs to give the most appropriate solution, the use of rotary cutter plus combination of cutter design of raw materials to cut into ding. The structure of the cutting machine is designed by 3D modeling software, and the rationality of the design is verified by movement simulation and finite element analysis. After the design is completed, some physical models are made to verify the working principle of the core structure, and the improvement scheme is put forward. The experiment shows that the fruit cutting machine can complete the specified task, cutting efficiency is higher, fruit waste less, fill the gap in the market, but also provide a reference for other designers.

Математична модель переміщення зрізаної гички коренеплодів цикорію в направляючому каналі

The increase in the production of root crops of chicory, which is a valuable technical crop, is restrained by the low level of mechanization of the main technological processes of their collection. The increased content of vegetable impurities or the remains of ghee in the collected root crops of chicory significantly reduces the quality of the raw material and, accordingly, the output of its processing products. On the basis of the analysis of the technological process of cutting root vegetables with L-shaped knives of a rotary vegetable cutter, a mathematical model was developed that functionally describes the movement of the cut vegetable in the guide channel of the vegetable cutting machine depending on the structural and kinematic parameters of the working organs of the cutting apparatus. On the basis of the solution of the mathematical model, the equation of the profile of the surface of the casing of the guide channel was obtained from the conditions of equal post-shock velocities and equal speeds of movement of the cut-off beam. It was established that the most acceptable is the profile in which the angle of collision, or the angle between the direction of the pre-impact velocity vector and the tangent to the profile of the guide channel at the point of impact is equal to 25 degrees, while the height of the profile of the guide channel is 1.2 m. For the value of the angle between in the direction of the pre-impact velocity vector and tangential to the profile of the guide channel at the point of impact 30...35 degrees. the initial speed of movement of the cut particle of the string is in the range of 9.5...10.5 m/s, and at the exit from the outlet throat – 2.5...3.5 m/s, while the time of moving the string along the guide channel is 0.15 ...0.2 s.

Design and Verification of Metal Foreign Body Detection Device for Harvester Based on Eddy Current Effect

Highlights Prevent metal foreign bodies from scratching the intestines of animals and damaging the harvest cutter. Highly integrated design of acquisition circuit. Application of electromagnetic simulation to verify the feasibility of the principle of eddy current effect. Establishment of Support Vector Machine Multi-Classification Algorithm Model. Abstract. Aiming at the problem that the metal foreign bodies mingled in the silage cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract of animals and livestock, as well as irreversible damage to the rotary cutter of the harvester, a metal foreign body detection and sensing device for the harvester feeding drum composed of multiple single coils and signal acquisition units was designed to realize real-time detection and alarm of metal foreign bodies during harvesting. The sensor adopted a monolithic design with high integration of the signal acquisition circuit, which has a strong anti-interference ability. First, the electromagnetic simulation model was established. According to the simulation analysis of the eddy current effect, when the metal foreign object enters the alternating magnetic field, the energy will be lost, and the equivalent impedance of the coil will change accordingly. Then, the existence of the metal foreign body can be determined by detecting the equivalent impedance Rp of the coil. Next, we adopted a support vector machine multi-classification algorithm to train the detection device. In this process, different sizes of metal (copper, aluminum, and iron) were used, which can effectively improve the sensitivity and accuracy of metal foreign body detection. Finally, the sensor was installed on the test stand for multi-scene simulation experiments. The results show that the metal detection sensor can quickly identify the existence of metal by detecting the equivalent impedance Rp based on the eddy current effect; at the same time, the size of this sensor for metal foreign body detection is limited to 0.6 mm in diameter, 12 mm in length, and 100 mm in maximum detecting distance. Keywords: Eddy current effect, Equivalent impedance, Harvester, Metal foreign body, Support vector machine.

Analysis of Rotary Cutter Structure

Analysis of Rotary Cutter Structure

Numerical study on stability of composite cutter bar milling system in rotating coordinate frame

This paper studies the chatter stability of composite cutter bar milling system in rotating coordinate frame. The main contribution of this paper is establishing a continuous distributed chatter analysis model for a composite cutter bar milling system in rotating coordinate frame. The stability of the milling system with a rotary symmetric dynamic cutter bar is predicted using the semi-discrete time domain method. The effects such as internal damping, external damping, and symmetrical and asymmetric laminates on the stability of the milling system were analysed, and the results were compared between rotating and fixed coordinate frames. The results are consistent for symmetrical cutter bars in both the rotating and fixed coordinate frames. A new chatter instability zone appears at high rotating speeds due to the material internal damping of the rotating composite cutter bar.

Robotic Disassembly of Electric Vehicles’ Battery Modules for Recycling

Manual disassembly of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) modules of electric vehicles (EVs) for recycling is time-consuming, expensive, and dangerous for technicians or workers. Dangers associated with high voltage and thermal runaway make a robotic system suitable for the automated or semi-automated disassembly of EV batteries. In this paper, we explore battery disassembly using industrial robots. To understand the disassembly process, human workers were monitored, and the operations were analyzed and broken down into gripping and cutting operations. These operations were selected for automation, and path planning was performed offline. For the gripper, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control system was implemented. A system identification method was also implemented in the form of a batch least squares estimator to form the state space representation of the planar linkages used in the control strategy of the gripper. A high-speed rotary cut-off wheel was adapted for the robot to perform precise cutting at various points in the battery module case. The simulation results were used to program an industrial robot for experimental validation. The precision of the rotary cutter allowed for a more direct disassembly method as opposed to the standard manual method. It was shown that the robot was almost twice as fast in cutting but slower in pick and place operations. It has been shown that the best option for disassembly of a LIB pack is a human–robot collaboration, where the robot could make efficient cuts on the battery pack and the technician could quickly sort the battery components and remove connectors or fasteners with which the robot would struggle. This collaboration also reduces the danger encountered by the technician because the risk of shorting battery cells while cutting would be eliminated, but the time efficiency would be significantly improved. This paper demonstrates that a robot offers both safety and time improvements to the current manual disassembly process for EV LIBs.

Aspects of the differentiated formation of a system of machines for various technologies of harvesting technical hemp

Relevance. As a result of the prohibition of technical hemp cultivation due to the fight against narcotic plants in 1980, the development of technologies and the production of technical means for the cultivation of hemp, the acreage of the crop was sharply reduced. One of the ways to ensure greater efficiency and competitiveness of drugsfree hemp products is to increase the level of technical equipment of the industry, the use of science-based intensive technologies and systems of high-performance energysaturated machines.Methods. The methodological approaches of leading scientists involved in the cultivation of technical hemp, the development of innovative technologies and systems of promising machines for the hemp growing industry together with machine-building plants were applied.Results. A scientifically based system of machines for harvesting technical hemp using high-performance energy-saturated technical means has been formed: combine harvesters and hemp harvesters, innovative stripping headers, rotary cutters with wearresistant cutting elements, modern tractors, balers, loaders, transporters. Production tests in hemp farms have shown that the use of a new system of machines not only increases the intensity of hemp harvesting, but also completely eliminates manual labor, reduces the agrotechnical harvesting time, improves the quality of hemp seed threshing up to 95% and reduces seed losses, increases the yield of stems with 2.2 to 4 t/ha and the quality of hemp trust — per 1 variety. It is scientifically substantiated that the use of new technical solutions increases the productivity of harvesting equipment by 50% or more compared to the previous one, while reducing the cost of growing and processing hemp, and increasing the quality and competitiveness of hemp products.

Power‐assisted rotary cutter with negative pressure suction through small incision for axillary osmidrosis

The glandular fluid secreted by apocrine sweat glands is decomposed by parasitic bacteria on the skin surface and releases a bad smell called axillary osmidrosis. To evaluate the effect of power-assisted rotary cutter with negative pressure suction through small incision for axillary osmidrosis. From January 2017 to January 2022, 647 patients with axillary osmidrosis underwent power-assisted rotary cutter with negative pressure suction through small incision surgery to treat for axillary osmidrosis. The operation time (min), intraoperative bleeding (ml) and recovery time (days) were counted. Three months after operation, the amount of underarm sweat, the disappearance of underarm hair, the incidence of operation, the effective rate of operation, and the satisfaction of operation results were evaluated by questionnaire. There were no postoperative complications except five cases of mild axillary pigmentation after 3months. All patients evaluated good odor elimination. No patient was rated as average or poor. No recurrence. Power-assisted rotary cutter with negative pressure suction through small incision is an effective and ideal surgical method to reduce the complications and recurrence of axillary osmidrosis.