Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract Research Articles

Rosemary extract and celery-based products used as natural quality enhancers for colonial type salami with different ripening times

This study aimed to evaluate the use of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract (RE), celery (Apium graveolis), and low levels of NO3 and NO2 as natural agents to enhance the quality of colonial salami. Salami was produced according to three treatments: (A) Control: 0.1% curing salt; (B) Rosemary: 0.05% curing salt + 0.5% RE (rosemary extract); and (C) Rosemary+celery: 0.14% Veg 503 + 0.27% Veg 504 (sea salt plus celery) + 0.5% of RE (rosemary extract). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the treatments on water activity, Na content, and residual NO3 and NO2. Fatty acids C18:2 and C20:4 were reduced (P < 0.05) during the ripening period in the Control treatment indicating possible oxidation. The use of celery resulted in lower pH values (P < 0.05) in the salami. Reduced addition of NO3 and NO2 resulted in salami lighter in color (higher L* values, P < 0.05) at the 12th day of ripening. In conclusion, celery-based products proved to be an effective source of NO2 and NO3 for color development, but the low pH of the product indicates the need for better evaluation of its use in fermented salami. The RE (rosemary extract) reduced fat oxidation in salami, but this needs further evaluation.

Exploitation of Various Crude Plant Extracts Against Black Scurf Disease of Potato in Saudi Arabia

Antifungal activities of five plant species (Thymus vulgaris, Lavandula vera, Menta viridis, Rosmarinus officinalis and Cassia italic) extracts were tested against Rhizoctonia solani using three different solvents (methanol, acetone and chloroform). Using linear growth technique, the percentages of growth inhibition caused by extracts were determined. The methanol extracts of all test plants were the most effective to inhibit the mycelial growth of test fungus. The percent of growth inhibition of R. solani was least affected by the chloroform extract. Whereas, at 8 % concentration, methanol extracts of R. officinalis and T. vulgaris caused complete (100 %) inhibition of R. solani growth. Similar results for M. viridis were attained only at 10 % concentration, compared to control treatment. The analysis of High performance liquid chromatography of five plants indicated that, the extraction with different solvents will lead to different types and concentrations of phenolic compounds.

Phytochemical profile of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis extracts and correlation to their antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity

The goal of this study was to monitor the anti-proliferative activity of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis extracts against cancer cells and to correlate this activity with their phytochemical profiles using liquid chromatography/diode array detection/electrospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC/DAD/ESI-MSn). For the quantitative estimation of triterpenic acids in the crude extracts an NMR based methodology was used and compared with the HPLC measurements, both applied for the first time, for the case of betulinic acid. Both extracts exerted cytotoxic activity through dose-dependent impairment of viability and mitochondrial activity of rat insulinoma m5F (RINm5F) cells. Decrease of RINm5F viability was mediated by nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis. Importantly, these extracts potentiated NO and TNF-α release from macrophages therefore enhancing their cytocidal action. The rosemary extract developed more pronounced antioxidant, cytotoxic and immunomodifying activities, probably due to the presence of betulinic acid and a higher concentration of carnosic acid in its phytochemical profile.

Antinociceptive effectiveness of triterpenes from rosemary in visceral nociception

Ethnopharmacological relevanceRosemary is a species used worldwide as a common spice, but also in folk medicine for their therapeutic properties against abdominal pain. The rationale of this study was to examine the involvement of triterpenes and to compare their effectiveness in the antinociceptive effect of an ethanol extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae). Material and methodsFractionation and HPLC analyses allowed the identification of a mixture of micromeric (121mg/g), oleanolic (64mg/g) and ursolic (83mg/g) acids as partial antinociceptive responsible in an ethyl acetate fraction of R. officinalis by using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions model in mice. ResultsThese triterpenes individually evaluated produced a significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive response with similar potency as follows: ED50=1.1mg/kg (0.9–1.3mg/kg), 2.1mg/kg (1.6–2.6mg/kg) and 1.6mg/kg (1.1–2.1mg/kg), respectively, by using the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route of administration in mice. Their maximal antinociceptive efficacy resembled that produced by ketorolac (10mg/kg, i.p.), a common clinic analgesic. ConclusionOur results provide evidence that these triterpenes participate in the antinociceptive activity of R. officinalis. In addition, each individual triterpene showed a similar potency to that observed with ketorolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in this experimental model.

Chemical analysis of three herbal extracts and observation of their activity against adults of Acanthoscelides obtectus and Leptinotarsa decemlineata using a video tracking system

Ethanol extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula angus-tifolia and Ruta graveolens were tested against adults of Acanthoscelides obtectus and Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Using a newly developed computer tracking system, a choice test revealed that all of the extracts have a repellent action. The highest repellent activity against the bean weevils adults was the ethanol extract of rue, whereas the highest repellent activity against the Colorado potato beetle adults was the lavender extract. We suggest that a cocktail of volatile components in the ethanol extracts was responsible for the observed repellent action. All three of the extracts have insecticidal effects on bean weevils, reducing F1 adult emergence, with no side effects on the germination of the bean plants. In contrast, the extracts did not demonstrate an insecticidal effect on Colorado potato beetles.

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS) EXTRACT ON THE SHELF LIFE OF HOT-SMOKED AND VACUUM-PACKEDLUCIOBARBUS ESOCINUSFILLETS

ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of the different concentrations of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on the shelf life of hot-smoked and vacuum-packed Luciobarbus esocinus fillets were investigated in terms of its microbiological, chemical and sensory quality. The results showed that rosemary extract had a significant effect on lactic acid bacteria, psychrophile bacteria, yeast-mold, thiobarbituric acid and peroxide value during storage (P < 0.05). The shelf lives of smoked L. esocinus fillets to which rosemary extract was added were determined to be 42 days for 400 mL/L, 84 days for 600 mL/L and 800 mL/L brine. Also, that in the control group (without rosemary extract) was determined to be 42 days. Rosemary extract was effective in controlling the growth of bacteria and chemical indices. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Hot smoked fish stored in anaerobic conditions is very sensitive to deterioration and, based on sensory evaluation, has a limited shelf life ranging from 3 to 4 weeks at refrigerator temperature. Natural extracts have proven to be an effective preservation method for the extension of shelf life of foods. Our study has clearly shown that addition of rosemary extract in smoked fish resulted in longer shelf life, and this method could be commercially used.

The study of 24 h post treatment effects of the aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis after renal ischemia/reperfusion in rat

The study of 24 h post treatment effects of the aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis after renal ischemia/reperfusion in rat

Expresión de las subunidades del receptor NMDA en la corteza prefrontal de la rata con daño hepático inducido con CCL4 después del tratamiento con Rosmarinus officinalis L

IntroductionIn cirrhosis some toxic substances accumulate in brain and modify the expression of several neuronal receptors. Thus, the use of medicinal plants such as Rosmarinus officinalis L. has been proposed in several pathologies due to its hepatoprotective, antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. In this study we evaluated the expression of the subunits NR1, NR2A and NR2B of the glutamate receptor in rat prefrontal cortex in a model of hepatic damage induced with carbon tetrachloride after a treatment with Rosmarinus officinalis L. MethodsWe used a total of 24 male Wistar rats weighing 80-90g. body weight. We formed three study groups: control group (C) without a treatment, carbon tetrachloride group (CC14), and CC14 group plus Rosmarinus officinalis L (CCl4+ROM; 1.5g/kg of extract orally). ResultsThe expression of the NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunits in cirrhotic animals increased compared to the control group, however treatment with Rosmarinus officinalis L. was able to reduce this expression to normal levels compared with CC14 and CCl4+ROM groups. These results could be due to an improvement in hepatic function. ConclusionTreatment with extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in cirrhotic animals modifies the expression of subunits of the NMDA receptor due to an improvement in hepatocellular function in the presence of antioxidant compounds and flavonoids.

Stability Study of O/W Cosmetic Emulsions Using &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Rosmarinus officinalis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Calendula officinalis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Extracts

Cosmetic emulsions, as all macro emulsions, are inherently unstable systems, from a thermodynamic viewpoint. More specific eco-friendly oil/water (O/W) cosmetic emulsions are usually less stable than conventional ones as milder chemicals or less intense (energy consuming) production processes are involved. In this context, two traditional techniques an optical technique and a volumetric one have been used for the assessment of the stability of cosmetic emulsions and compared to each other. Eco-friendly cosmetic emulsions were produced with different olive oil/water extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis and Calendula officinalis extracts) and emulsifier (Glycerol monostearate, GMS) concentrations. Emulsions’ stability was registered simultaneously by 1) Microscopy photos of samples withdrawn at regular intervals from the test vessel; 2) global volumetric measurements of the different phases (water/oil/emulsion) inside the test vessel made at regular intervals for determining the evolution of the location of the phases separation interface. Analysis of the results of each technique and comparisons among them are presented and discussed in detail.

Effect of Oily and Watery Extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis as Preservative in Minced Meat

The effect of various concentration of Rosmarinus officinalis on the total count of bacteria in minced meat stored at temperature between 4 – 6oC for periods up to 14 days is examined. The results showed that the oily extract at the concentration of 20 – 100 mg/ml and the watery extract of the concentration of 120 – 200 mg/gm have a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) in comparison with blank treatment No significant variation ware found at (P&lt;0.05) in the treatment with the watery and oily extracts

Abietane diterpenoids of Rosmarinus officinalis and their diacylglycerol acyltransferase-inhibitory activity

Inhibition of acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) has been proposed as one of the drug targets for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH-soluble extract of Rosmarinus officinalis yielded two new diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) inhibitory-abietane diterpenoids, 7β-hydroxy-20-deoxo-rosmaquinone (1) and 7β-methoxy-20-deoxo-rosmanol (2), along with six known components, carnosol (3), 7α-methoxyrosmanol (4), 7β-methoxyrosmanol (5), 12-methoxy-canosic acid (6), rosmanol (7), and rosmadial (8). Compounds 1–8 inhibited DGAT1 activity, with the IC50 values ranging from 39.5±0.6 to 144.2±3.1μM. In particular, carnosol (3), which is one of the major compounds of MeOH-soluble extract of R. officinalis exhibits inhibition of de novo intracellular triacylglycerol synthesis in human hepatocyte HepG2 cells.

TLC Bioautographic Method for Detecting Lipase Inhibitors

Bioautographic assays using TLC play an important role in the search for active compounds from plants. A TLC bioautographic assay has previously been established for the detection of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors but not for lipases. Development of a TLC bioautographic method for detecting lipase inhibitors in plant extracts. After migration of the plant extracts, the TLC plate was sprayed with α-naphtyl acetate and enzyme solutions before incubation at 37°C for 20 min. Finally, the solution of Fast Blue B salt was sprayed onto the TLC plate giving a purple background colouration. Lipase inhibitors were visualised as white spots on the TLC plates. Orlistat (a known lipase inhibitor) inhibited lipase down to 0.01 µg. Methanolic extracts of Camellia sinensis (L.) kuntz and Rosmarinus officinalis L after migration on TLC gave enzymatic inhibition when applied in amounts of 82 and 56 µg, respectively. On the other hand the methanolic extract of Morus alba leaves did not exhibit any lipase inhibitory activity. The screening test was able to detect lipase inhibition by pure reference substances and by compounds present in complex matrices, such as plant extracts.

로즈마리(Rosmarinus officinalis L.) 추출물로부터 Helicobacter pylori에 대한 항균물질 분리 및 동정

로즈마리 추출물의 phenol 함량은 25.7 mg/g으로 매우 높게 나타났다. Helicobacter pylori 에 대한 항균효과를 측정한 결과, clear zone이 <TEX>$100{sim}200{\mu}/disc$</TEX>의 phenol 농도에서 각각 11, 12, 14 mm의 clear zone을 형성하여 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 H. pylori 에 대한 저해효과가 농도 의존적으로 높아지는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. Sephadex LH-20과 MCI-gel CHP-20 column을 이용하여 normal phase type인 <TEX>$ethanol{\rightarrow}H_2O$</TEX>와 reverse phase type인 <TEX>$H_2O{\rightarrow}methanol$</TEX>로 용액의 농도를 증가시키면서 용출한 결과 H. pylori에 대한 탁월한 저해활성을 나타낸 5종류(compound A~E)의 단일 물질로 분리하였다. 5가지 각각의 물질은 H. pylori에 대한 항균력이 미약하였으나, 2종류 이상의 다중 물질의 항균 시너지 효과에 의해 각각 10~16 mm의 clear zone을 형성하여 우수한 항균력을 나타내었으며, fast atom bombardment (FAB)-Mass, <TEX>$^1H$</TEX>-NMR, <TEX>$^{13}C$</TEX>-NMR과 IR spectrum을 사용하여 구조 동정한 결과 protocatechuic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid 및 rosmarinic acid 인 것으로 확인되었다. Rosmarinus officinalis extracts had a significant antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pyori. Total phenolic contents and inhibition zone of rosemary extracts were estimated to be 25.7 mg/g and 14 mm at <TEX>$200{\mu}g/mL$</TEX> of phenolic contents, respectively. The Sephadex LH-20 and MCI-gel CHP-20 column chromatographic separations for the phenolic extracts from R. officinalis leaves led to isolation of five acids, whose structures were determined as protocatechuic acid (A), coumaric acid (B), caffeic acid (C), chlorogenic acid (D), and rosmarinic acid (E), from interpretation of spectroscopic data including nagative fast atom bombardment (FAB)-mass, <TEX>$^1H$</TEX>-NMR, <TEX>$^{13}C$</TEX>-NMR, and IR. All isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against H. pyori. The purified single compound showed less antimicrobial activity against H. pylori than the mixed purified compounds, which generate A+B, A+E, C+D, C+E (each <TEX>$200{\mu}g/disc$</TEX>) excellent as large clear zone by synergy effect. These results indicate rosemary extracts are preventive agents against H. pyori.

Inhibition of hormone sensitive lipase and pancreatic lipase by Rosmarinus officinalis extract and selected phenolic constituents

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) has been long claimed to have hypogylcemic-hypolipidemic dual effects in folkloric medicine. In an effort to explain rosemary's claimed benefits, numerous published studies have investigated an array of pharmacologic activities of the plant including anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic and metabolic effects. The question remained, however, as how rosemary would target both plasma lipids and glucose levels simultaneously. A newer mechanism has been suggested, in which targeting the hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) would be the common link between the two metabolic effects. In fact, HSL has been extensively studied for its effects on the metabolic switch between glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs) as an energy source. The current manuscript summarizes a significant amount of work that was undertaken to identify plant species native to Jordan with potential HSL and pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activities. Our results demonstrated in vitroinhibitory effects of R. officnalis on both HSL and PL in a dose dependent manner. Interestingly, the rosemary extract had an IC50 for PL that was several fold lower than the IC50 for HSL, indicating a higher affinity to the former enzyme (13.8 and 95.2 μg/mL for PL and HSL, respectively). In addition, we have compared the inhibitory activities of purified constituents found in rosemary to the parent plant [rosmarinic acid (RA), chlorogenic acid (CA), caffeic acid (CaA) and gallic acid (GA)]. Our results showed that all the tested compounds (RA, CA, CaA, and GA) were able to inhibit the PL and HSL activities in a dose dependent manner, but with different potencies. PL and HSL IC50 values were calculated for each compound and GA was found to be the most potent (IC50 10.1 and 14.5 for PL and HSL, respectively). Further work is necessary to determine whether our in vitro findings would correlate with the in vivo effects. Nonetheless, our results are a first step in fully understanding the long claimed hypoglycemic-hypolipidemic dual effects of rosemary. Simultaneous targeting of both HSL and PL is likely to open the door for a new era in our continuous battle against DM type 2 and its cardiovascular complications. Currently, we are working on identifying the most active constituents of the plant to evaluate a structure-activity relationship which would pave the road for future therapeutic use. Key words: Rosmarinus officinalis, Rosemary, obesity, diabetes mellitus, pancreatic lipase, hormone sensitive lipase, phenolic compounds, rosmarinic acid.

Kinetic study of pilot-scale supercritical CO2 extraction of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves

Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) extracts were obtained in a supercritical pilot-scale plant. Based on experimental information available in the literature for analytical or low-scale processes, extraction temperature and pressure were selected to be 313K and 30MPa. At these extraction conditions, the kinetic behavior of the pilot-scale overall extraction curve were determined with respect to yield, antioxidant activity and carnosic acid content. The overall extraction curve was represented using Sovova's model; the average deviation between measured and calculated yields was lower than 2%. Mass transfer coefficients in the fluid and solid phases were determined and were compared with previous data reported in the literature for low-scale rosemary supercritical extraction.A two-stage depressurization procedure was accomplished and the effect of both on-line fractionation and extraction time on the antioxidant activity of the samples collected was studied. The antioxidant activity of the different fractions could be straight correlated with the carnosic acid content with a regression coefficient of 0.92.

Capability of the rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on the oxidative stability of cooked sea bream (Sparus aurata) during frozen storage

The effects of rosemary extract addition on oxidative stability of cooked sea bream during frozen storage period were investigated. Sea bream fillets were fried, oven baked and grilled. Three groups with rosemary extract were also cooked by the same methods and cooked samples (with and without rosemary extract) were stored in −18 °C for 4 months. After cooking procedures, the FFA formation was quite similar in fresh-raw and fried sea bream fillets, but significantly increased oven baked (0.31–0.33% oleic acid) and grilled fillets (0.39–0.40% oleic acid). The highest value of PV was also obtained from grilled fillets (1.18–1.58 meq/kg). However, TBA values (1.92 mg MA/kg for fresh-raw fillet) did not increase in sea bream fillets after the frying and grilling procedure except oven baking without rosemary extract (2.41 mg MA/kg). A considerable increase in the FFA, PV and TBA was observed in all cooked groups during frozen storage period. The treated samples with rosemary extract generally showed slower PV and TBA formation than those of the untreated samples. However, the additions of rosemary extract have positive effect on sensory quality of baked sea bream.

Analysis of the anti-inflammatory properties of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in mice

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the crude extract (CE) of Rosmarinus officinalis L . its derived fractions: hexane (HEX), ethyl acetate (AcOEt), and ethanolic (ET), and isolated compounds: carnosol, betulinic acid and ursolic acid, in the mouse pleurisy model induced by carrageenan. Swiss mice were used in the in vivo experiments. The CE and its derived fractions and isolated compounds inhibited leukocytes, exudation, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), and nitrite/nitrate production (NO x ) ( p < 0.05). R. officinalis L. showed an important anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition not only of leukocytes and exudation, but also of a pro-inflammatory enzyme and mediators (MPO, NO x , IL-1β, and TNF-α). The present study showed that carnosol, betulinic acid and ursolic acid compounds could be responsible for this anti-inflammatory effect .

Antifungal Activity of Extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris against Aspergillus flavus and A. ochraceus

The antifungal activity of ethanolic extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris were tested against strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. ochraceus, since these two species are common contaminants of cereals and grains and are able to produce and accumulate mycotoxins. The methodology used is based on measuring the inhibition halos produced by discs impregnated with the extracts and establishing their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) as well as the Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC). The results obtained suggest that the assayed extracts affect the proper development of A. flavus and A. ochraceus; leading to a lower MIC (1200 ppm) and MFC (2400 ppm) for T. vulgaris extract against A. ochraceus than against A. flavus. The results show, that the extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris used at low concentrations could have significant potential for the biological control of fungi in foodstuffs.

Fungitoxidade in vitro de extratos vegetais sobre Exserohilum turcicum (Pass) Leonard &amp; Suggs

A helmintosporiose, causada pelo fungo Exserohilum turcicum, é uma das principais doenças do milho-pipoca cultivado no Brasil. Devido às características da cultura, como porte da planta, extensão da área de plantio e rentabilidade econômica, o emprego de resistência genética e controle químico têm sido as principais formas de controle da doença. O emprego de agrotóxicos na agricultura tem levado riscos à saúde humana e freqüentes danos ao meio ambiente. Assim, na busca de métodos alternativos para o controle da helmintosporiose foi avaliado o efeito fungitóxico dos extratos vegetais das plantas Achillea milefollium (mil-folhas), Cymbopogon citratus (capim-limão), Artemisia camphorata (cânfora) e Rosmarinus officinalis (alecrim) no crescimento micelial de E. turcicum, em dois meios de cultura (BDA - batata-dextrose-ágar; e LCH - lactose caseína hidrolisada). Os extratos de alecrim e cânfora foram os que apresentaram maior inibição do crescimento micelial nos dois meios de cultura, enquanto que os extratos de mil-folhas e capim limão estimularam o crescimento micelial em meio LCH.

Oxidative stress modulation by Rosmarinus officinalis in CCl4‐induced liver cirrhosis

Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) possesses antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects, and so may provide a possible therapeutic alternative for chronic liver disease. The effect produced by a methanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis on CCl(4)-induced liver cirrhosis in rats was investigated using both prevention and reversion models. Over the course of the development of cirrhosis, the increased enzymatic activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alanine aminotransferase, and the rise in bilirubin levels caused by CCl(4) administration, were prevented by Rosmarinus officinalis co-administration. When the cirrhosis by oxidative stress was evaluated as an increase on liver lipoperoxidation, total lipid peroxides, nitric oxide in serum, and loss of erythrocyte plasma membrane stability, R. officinalis was shown to prevent such alterations. On cirrhotic animals treated with CCl(4), histological studies showed massive necrosis, periportal inflammation and fibrosis which were modified by R. officinalis. These benefits on experimental cirrhosis suggest a potential therapeutic use for R. officinalis as an alternative for liver cirrhosis.