Rosin Derivatives Research Articles

Photoactive polyamideimides synthesized by the polycondensation of azo-dye diamines and rosin derivative

New rosin-based photoactive polyamideimides (PAI-a and PAI-b) with a large second-order nonlinear optical coefficient and photoinduced birefringence were synthesized by the polycondensation of rosin-maleic anhydride adduct (RMA) with azo-dye diamines, 2-(2-{ethyl-[4-(4-nitrophenylazo)phenyl]aminoethoxy)benzene-1,4-diamine (4a) or 2-(2-[ethyl-[4-(4-methylsulfonylphenylazo)phenyl]amino}ethoxy)benzene-1,4-diamine (4b). Due to the bulky alicyclic structure of the rosin, these polymers were highly soluble in organic solvents and could easily be processed by spin-coating into thin films of high optical quality. Fabricated polymer films were very smooth, tough, adhesive to the substrate, and optically clear. Second-order nonlinear optical coefficients (d 33 ) of the corona-poled PAI-a and PAI-b films were 83 and 54 pm/V, respectively, at the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. Birefringences as high as 0.072 for PAI-a and 0.035 for PAI-b could be induced and erased repeatedly by the irradiation of linearly polarized and circularly polarized 532-nm light, respectively.

Preparation and sizing mechanisms of neutral rosin size II: functions of rosin derivatives on sizing efficiency

Four rosin derivatives, including rosin esters and rosinamides, were synthesized and used to prepare neutral rosin sizes. Their effects during sizing are discussed in detail. Compared to natural rosin, the rosin derivatives had nearly no effect on sizing even at high retention levels in paper. However, the rosin derivatives in the rosin sizes improved the stability of the emulsion size particles, and there was good correlation between the sizing effect and the stability of the emulsion sizes under neutral to alkaline conditions. On the other hand, the structure of the rosin derivatives significantly influenced the stability and sizing effect of the neutral rosin sizes. In particular, for glycerin rosin ester-rosin sizes, the emulsion stability and sizing effect increased with an increasing proportion of dirosinate, among the glycerin rosin esters. Consequently, it was suggested that the rosin derivatives hardly contribute to the sizing performance of paper but predominantly function to stabilize the neutral rosin size particles, thereby improving the efficiency of the size under neutral to alkaline sizing conditions. Also it was supposed that glycerol dirosinate in the neutral rosin size would probably enable formation of a more stable particle structure to prevent the destructive action of the OH− ion.

Quantitative determination of dehydroabietic acid methyl ester in disproportionated rosin

A simple, rapid and accurate capillary gas chromatographic (GC) method for the quantitative determination of dehydroabietic acid in commercially disproportionated rosins was developed and tested. Dehydroabietic acid was converted into its methyl ester derivative and quantified by GC with flame ionization detection using a DB-1 column with methyl stearate as the internal standard. The method can also be applied to the quantitation of dehydroabietic acid in rosin or in other rosin derivatives.

The Nature and Action of Tackifier Resins

Abstract A good tackifler resin appears to require a combination of high T9 at low molecular weight, and for this a highly condensed alicyclic structure appears to be desirable. Except for the rosin derivatives, the chemical structures of common tackifier resins are not fully resolved and some more definitive studies are needed. In addition, a high degree of miscibility of resin with rubber is important. Although some common tackifier resins cause phase separation over certain concentration ranges when blended with rubbers, this is probably exceptional, and it seems likely that most adhesive compositions are single phase in this respect. Where phase separation does occur, there is a need for fuller elucidation of the phase morphology and composition of the phases. The widely-held view that a two-phase morphology is necessary for the development of high tack appears to be incorrect. The few studies which have been carried out so far indicate that the surface energy of a rubber is modified only slightly by the incorporation of a tackifier resin. It is unlikely that this surface energy change can seriously affect the tack value as measured by the common form of probe test. The viscoelastic behavior of rubber-resin blends provides an adequate explanation for the phenomenon of tack. Over long response times, the low modulus (high compliance) of the blend compared with that of the rubber alone allows a high degree of intermolecular contact to be achieved during the bonding stage of a tack test. Over short response times, corresponding to the de-bonding stage of the test, the blend shows transition zone response with high energy dissipation and consequent high separation force. For further progress in our understanding, however, there is a need to distinguish clearly between the bonding and debonding effects of the resin and also for a more definitive study of the factors controlling the bonding stage.

Studies on polyesters modified rosin

Considerable effort has been made by this Laboratory and industry to make polyfunctional derivatives of rosin through the introduction of different groups into the resin acid moiety.

Study of rosin and rosin derivatives as coating materials for controlled release of drug

Rosin and rosin derivatives are widely used as film-forming agents in paints and varnishes. Their use as coating materials has been reported. This paper describes the evaluation of rosin derivatives such as rosin pentaerythritol ester, rosin maleic acid adduct esterified with glycerol and pentaerythritol, and abietic acid as coating materials. Salicylic acid granules were coated and evaluated for moisture absorption, flow characteristics and in vitro dissolution studies. It is observed that rosin and pentaerythritol ester impart excellent moisture protection and these can be used for enteric coating and controlled release of drug.

Analytical procedure for chewing-gum I. Elastic gum-base

The main constituents of the elastic gumbase, i.e. waxes, paraffins, glycerides, rosin derivatives, polyvinyl derivatives and elastomers, are isolated. Their structures are confirmed by IR, NMR, and GLC/MS.

Environmental effects of terpenoid chemicals: a review

AbstractEntry of terpenes into the atmosphere occurs by volatilization of hydrocarbons from foliage, especially over forest lands. These compounds react photochemically with ozone, causing a blue haze. The total volume of reactive hydrocarbons released naturally appears several times greater than that from man's activities. Diterpenes also enter the environment through surface water runoff. Recently dehydroabietic acid and other terpenoidal compounds were found in ocean sediments, deposited by rivers. Few cases of air pollution can be related to industrial operations or processing of terpenes. Veneer dryer stack gas emissions cause an aesthetic problem, controllable by better modes of operation. Workers in soldering operations require protection from fumes caused by use of rosin cores. Rosin and rosin derivatives are virtually nontoxic to mammals and find use in food packaging applications. Sulfate turpentine is the source of pinenes for manufacture of synthetic flavors and perfumes. Resin acids and related diterpenes are, however, acutely toxic to aquatic organisms and can cause severe problems to fisheries if released in pulp mill wastes. Both monoterpenes and diterpenes are biodegradable. The future widespread use of toxaphene as an insecticide is uncertain because of its toxicity to aquatic fauna and relatively long persistence in soils and sediments. Recent results have demonstrated microbiological uptake of toxaphene components leading to problems of bioaccumulation through the food chain.

Alkoxylated Hydroxymethylated Rosin Derivatives as Reactants for Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Alkoxylated Hydroxymethylated Rosin Derivatives as Reactants for Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Rosin Derivatives in Paint Products

Rosin Derivatives in Paint Products