Rosette Pattern Research Articles

Identification of eight types of synapses in the pallidum externum and internum in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).

The electron microscopic study of the neuronal structures of the pallidum externum (Pa.e) and internum (Pa.i) in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) has revealed in both segments a frequent large type of nerve cell and a rare small one, probably an interneuron. With respect to the small cells, only one axosomatic synapse inserts on the slender rim of cytoplasm; the clear nucleus is always invaginated and contains a small nucleolus. Eight types of synapses can be differentiated in Pa.e and Pa.i. The axodendritic type I P with pleomorphic vesicles and an inconspicuous symmetric contact to a central dendrite, make up 65% of all synapses in Pa.e and 79% in Pa.i. These synapses are commonly arranged in a rosette pattern around the dendrite. Two subtypes of the type I P are found in both segments--the one with invaginated boutons (subtype I Piv) and the other (subtype I Pol) oligovesicular. The type III SR synapses are characterized by small round or slightly oval vesicles and a strongly asymmetric contact (12% in Pa.e and 8.1% in Pa.i). The predominantly axosomatic type II EF synapses are characterized by elongated vesicles as well as by encapsulation in thin astrocytic processes (5% in Pa.e, 8.5% in Pa.i). The boutons of type IV Sph characterized by large uniformly spherical vesicles undergo symmetric synaptic contacts (in Pa.e 6% and in Pa.i 0.5%). The type V Osl stiletto-shaped bouton with ovoid vesicles undergoes a symmetric contact with a dendrite (in Pa.e 5% and in Pa.i 1.1%). Two types of dendrodendritic and dendrosomatic synapses are found: the type VI DE containing sparsely distributed elongated vesicles suspended on neurofilaments, undergoing a symmetric contact, and the type VII DC with clustering mostly round vesicles near the presynaptic component of the asymmetric contact. The rare axodendritic type VIII My arising from a myelinated axon, exhibits small elongated vesicles and symmetric contact. The synaptic types I, III, IV, and VI are similar to the same types in the substantia nigra, whereas types II, V and VII resemble the equivalent types in the motor thalamic VA and ventro-oralis anterior nuclei.

Movement of edge dislocations in KCl by large electric fields

Abstract Bands of etch pits resembling slip bands have been produced from an indentation made on the (001) surface of a KCl crystal containing nominally 88 p.p.m. Ca2+ by the sole action of a d.c. field up to 15 MV m−1 along [100]. Only edge dislocation bands appeared, extending from the indentation towards the anode and forming an asymmetric rosette pattern. From the minimum field needed to produce such edge bands and the yield stress of the crystal, a charge of – 7 × 10−11 Cm−1 was obtained for the edge dislocations.

Fc and C3 receptors induced by herpes simplex virus on cultured human endothelial cells.

The mechanism by which immune complexes deposit in vascular tissue is uncertain. Several human viruses, including herpes simplex virus, have recently been demonstrated to replicate in human endothelial cells. Such viruses may injure vascular tissue and could play a role in the pathogenesis of immune complex deposition. Therefore, we studied the expression of receptors for immune complexes containing IgG and C3 on endothelial cells after infection with herpes simplex virus type I.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with (51)Cr-labeled sheep erythrocytes sensitized with IgG, IgM, or IgM plus complement. Preferential binding of IgG or complement-coated erythrocytes to uninfected endothelial monolayers was not observed. In contrast, significant binding of erythrocytes coated with IgG or IgM plus complement was observed after viral infection. Phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated erythrocyte adherence around the infected endothelial cells in a rosette pattern. Binding of IgG-coated erythrocytes was fully inhibited by Fc (0.31 mg/ml) but not Fab' fragments of nonimmune IgG. Binding of complement-coated cells was unaffected by the presence of IgG (1 mg/ml). With purified individual components, binding of complement-coated erythrocytes depended on the presence and was proportional to the concentration of C3. Binding of IgG-or C3-coated cells was detected beginning 4 h after infection. These studies indicate that herpes simplex virus type I infection can induce IgG and C3 receptors on human endothelial cells. These receptors may promote the deposition of immune complexes in vascular tissue after certain viral infections.

ブリッジマン法によって育成したCuおよびCu-希薄Al[321]結晶の転位構造について

[321] single crystals of copper and 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 at%Al-Cu alloys were grown with a subboundary-free seed, using the Bridgman method, at a rate of furnace travel 8.3×10−6 m·s−1 in an enclosed purified argon gas, and the distribution and density of dislocations were investigated by the etch pit technique. In copper crystals, dislocations were always arranged into a network of subboundaries and distributed randomly within subgrains with an overall density of dislocations 1.6×10−9–7.0×10−9 m−2. On the other hand, the dislocation structure in copper crystals was observed to vary markedly with a little addition of aluminium. Subboundary-free crystals with a low dislocation density, about one order less than that of copper crystals, were grown, though some defective ones which contained a few kinds of subboundaries were also produced. The probability of growth of the subboundary-free crystals was highest for the 0.05 at%Al and decreased at the higher aluminium content, while the degree of crystal perfection was highest for 0.10 at%Al. In contrast to the network pattern of subboundaries in copper crystals, the subboundaries in crystals of the low aluminium content tended to elongate straight along certain crystallographic directions, and those in crystals of the high aluminium content preferred to follow the growth direction. Moreover, it was found that a rosette pattern of dislocations and the one like this formed in all alloy crystals and elongated dislocation clusters running along the growth direction formed in crystals of the high aluminium content. These effects of aluminium were discussed on the basis of some concepts of dislocation nucleation due to solute atoms in melt-grown crystals.

Pythium erinaceumsp. nov. from wheatfields in Canterbury, New Zealand

Abstract Pythium erinaceum sp. nov., a species with spherical sporangia and echinulate oogonia, is described from soil from Canterbury, New Zealand. It is distinguished from similar Pythium species with echinulate oogonia by a slow growth rate, a distinctive rosette pattern of growth, and the production of oogonia bearing long, tapering acuminate spines. In glasshouse trials one of three isolates of P. erinaceum tested was pathogelic to germinating seed and seedlings of pea and wheat

Membrane changes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes during Ionophore (A23187)-induced lysosomal release

Micromolar concentrations of the divalent ionophore A23187 and millimolar concentrations of extracellular calcium caused the rapid exocytosis of lysosomes from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In control experiments the larger granules remained within the leukocytes while another class of smaller granules fused with the plasma membrane. Whenever membrane fusion and exocytosis occurred intramembranous particle-free regions developed within the plasma membrane at the sites of fusion. Neither a massive aggregation of intramembranous particles (IMPs), nor the formation of highly symmetrical rosette patterns of IMPs was seen in either experimental or control preparations.

Higher order structure of chromosomes

Isolated Chinese hamster metaphase chromosomes were resuspended in 4 M ammonium acetate and spread on a surface of distilled water or 0.15 to 0.5 M ammonium acetate. The DNA was released in the form of a regular series of rosettes connected by interrossette DNA. The mean length of the rosette DNA was 14 micron, similar to the mean length of 10 micron for chromomere DNA of Drosophila polytene chromosomes. The mean interrosette DNA was 4.2 micron. SDS gel electrophoresis of the chromosomal nonhistone proteins showed them to be very similar to nuclear nonhistone proteins except for the presence of more actin and tubulin. Nuclear matrix proteins were present in the chromosomes and may play a role in forming the rosettes. Evidence that the rosette pattern is artifactual versus the possibility that it represents a real organizational substructure of the chromosomes is reviewed.

Mechanical properties and photomechanical effect in GaP single crystals

Mechanical properdes of GaP single crystals have been investigated from 100° to 300°C by observing dislocation rosette patterns on indented specimen surfaces. It has been found that GaP has mechanical properties which are common to those of other III–V compounds or elemental semiconductors in several points: the {111} surface polarity dependence of microhardness, the mobility difference between α- and β-dislocations, and the conduction type dependence of dislocation mobility. The growth of dislocation rosettes is suppressed by baking specimens in air. Contrary to the case of II–VI compounds, illumination of visible light during indentation enhances the mobility of dislocations. These experimental results are discussed in terms of an effect of electronic charge of dislocation on its mobility.

Dislocation etch pits in gold

Newly developed etch-pitting technique for gold is reported. A one-to-one correspondence is obtained between etch pits and dislocations, with etchants of 1∶3 aqua regia and aqua regia plus suitable modifiers. The usefulness of these etchants has been established by several experimental results, such as the appearance of etch pit rosette patterns produced by indentation, correspondence between slip line and pit arrays in deformed crystals and climb polygonization arrays after annealing. It is also confirmed that the etchants are capable of differentiating positive and negative edge dislocations.

Perfection of copper-aluminum dilute alloy single crystals grown by the Bridgman method

The distribution and density of dislocations in 99.998% pure Cu, 0.05 and 0.10 at% Al-Cu crystals grown from the melt without cellular segregation were studied by an etch pit technique. The results obtained are as follows: (1) In pure Cu crystals, randomly distributed dislocations and subboundaries were formed. (2) In 0.05 at% Al-Cu crystals, no subboundaries were formed but many rosette patterns were observed. (3) In 0.10 at% Al-Cu crystals, some dislocation clusters were produced in addition to random dislocations, rosette patterns and subboundaries. (4) The rosette patterns and the dislocation clusters inherent in as-grown alloy crystals disappeared after thermal cyclic annealing. It is shown that these results are consistent with the concept of dislocation nucleation by impurity particles.

Sarcoidosis: The Significance of an Acinar Pattern on Chest Roentgenogram

A young black woman presented with dyspnea on exertion and a productive cough The chest roentgenogram showed predominance of an acinar rosette pattern without hilar adenopathy. Lung biopsy showed multiple noncaseating granulomata in the interstitium, compatible with the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, with alveoli filled with mononuclear cells The term alveolar sarcoidosis is a radiologic diagnosis based on certain proposed criteria for acinar filling. Supported by pathologic correlation, it appears that the acinar radiographic pattern may represent a secondary nonspecific response of the lung to the primary interstitial injury.

Shell structure in Difflugia lobostoma observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy

Observations by scanning and transmission electron microscopy provide information about shells of Difflugia lobostoma which suggests a complex activity in shell construction. As observed by scanning microscopy, the shell consists of a single layer of sand grains which are organized into rosettes. The sand grains of the rosettes are different in size from those of flat areas between rosettes suggesting that the organism sorts these stones and places them according to size. Hydrofluoric acid treatment dissolves the sand but leaves a web of cement material intact. Examination of such acid treated specimens by transmission microscopy shows structure in the cement material of the shell, and granules of similar structure in the cell body. The rosette pattern observed differs from shell patterns in other species of Difflugia, and this suggests that shell structure may be species specific.

Histologic and ultracytochemical studies on thyroid medullary carcinoma. Diagnostic significance of argyrophil secretory granules.

Morphological, histochemical, and ultracytochemical characteristics on eight cases of thyroid medullary carcinoma are described. Solid-alveolar, streaming, ribbon, and rosette patterns characterized the histology of thyroid medullary carcinoma. Tumor cells were argyrophilic, and there were scattered numbers of ganglion cell-like tumor cells with well-impregnated dendritic processes. Ultracytochemically, it was demonstrated that the secretory granules of tumor cells contained argyrophil chemical substance closely related to polypeptide hormone (thyrocalcitonin). We consider these morphological and cytochemical characteristics as additional evidence indicating that thyroid medullary carcinoma arises from the parafollicular cells derived from the neural crest. The amount of amyloid showed a close relation to the number of secretory granules. In a case with a small number of secretory granules, amyloid deposition was not demonstrated. We stress the diagnostic significance of argyrophil secretory granules in establishing a diagnosis of thyroid medullary carcinoma, even in cases without amyloid deposits.

Habit and Morphology of Copper Precipitates in Silicon

Copper precipitates in silicon often agglomerate into elliptical disks lying in {110} planes of the host lattice, with their respective major axes pointing in the 〈110〉 directions. As many as 12 such disks usually emanate from a nucleation center of some lattice defect, displaying a partially or fully developed rosette pattern silhouette under ir microscopy. Various patterns of precipitates in substrates of 〈100〉, 〈111〉, and 〈120〉 crystallographic orientations are consistently explained by coordinate transformations of a hypothetical rosette pattern. In particular, the observations of precipitates in 〈120〉 substrates have demonstrated the nonexistence of needle forms. The ratio of the two elliptical axes varies with copper concentration and quenching conditions. With the surface behaving as a sink, rapid quenching was usually necessary to achieve fully developed precipitates. There was no preference among the six equivalent {110} planes and the six 〈110〉 directions in which elliptical disks precipitated about a point defect. There was, however, a preferred orientation tendency for the disks precipitated about a dislocation line. Some elliptical disks exhibited banded structure—probably a result of Ostwald ripening. The elliptical disks disappeared and reappeared during annealing cycles, exhibiting a memory effect.

Slip system in MgO single crystal

Plastic deformation of single crystals of MgO has been investigated by etching its indented (110) cleavage faces. The rosettes formed around the indentation marks have been critically studied by successively etching and polishing the crystal face. The configuration of dislocations forming the rosette pattern has been worked out and it has been shown that the configuration of dislocation loops produced in the body of the crystal by indenting (110) faces differs from that produced by indenting (100) faces, as reported by Keh.

A STEATITE BOWL FROM TEL ZEROR

There remain the following problems: the usage of the bowl, its historical background and the kind of religion which used it in the ritual. We shall speak on them in the near future. Here, only the folllwing can be stated. The figurative elements of the steatite bowls originated in the tradition of the sacred arts of North Syria and surrounding regions. Especially, they are closely connected with the Hurrian tradition. During the Dark Age in the Early Iron period, a new cult of a war-like goddess was introduced to adapt artistic expressions which were common among natives by that time. This new cult was that of the goddess' protective powers, as expressed in the iconographical designes on the bowls and other similar objects. It was brought to Palestine by Aramaeans and Neo-Hittites who often appeared in the Old Testament.[To write this article I am indebted to many specialists, abroad and here, as well as my colleagues of the Tel Zeror Expedition. Since the above was written, Mr. S. Onoyama of Kyoto University most kindly drew my attention to the following literature about the bowl from Hasanlu, the Minnaean citadel: R. H. Dyson, Jr., ILN, Vol. 239, Sept. 30, 1961, pp. 534-537; figs. 17/18. This find was well stratified and found from the fallen brickwork around a religious building of the Grey Ware phase (Period IV, 1000-800 B. C.), during which the building was subject to one major alteration and destroyed by fire at last. In this period the site was incessantly threatened by nomadic raids. Thus the vessel was owned by the defending warriors, who used it for the magical rite against the enemy actions in the critical moments of this temple-fort. Among the decorative elements, two human-headed winged bulls reclining on the front of the bowl and rosette patterns are without parallels. The vessel is made of an archaic form of blue glass, often called "Egyptian blue."]

Crystalline Inclusions Associated With Virus

In a rare, benign hilar cell tumor of the ovary, many crystals (crystalloids) of Reinke were found within the cytoplasm or nucleus of neoplastic hilar cells. These crystals of Reinke (Fig. 1), by electron microscopy, displayed six hexagons surrounding one central hexagon in a transverse plane of section. The diameter across three hexagons of a mature crystal was approximately 90 my. In addition, immature or elementary tubular inclusions were also noted either in the nucleus or cytoplasm (Fig. 2), but not simultaneously in both. These immature inclusions in a longitudinal plane of section consisted of numerous elongated rods (Fig. 2). However, in a transverse plane, six microcylinders circumscribing one central microcylinder were evident and formed a “petals of a flower” or rosette pattern. The diameter of one rosette of an immatture inclusion was also approximately 90 mμ.

Comparison of X-Ray Topography and Infrared Birefringence for Investigating Thermal Stresses in Silicon

The objective of this work has been to correlate x-ray and infrared experimental scattering phenomena. X-ray topography and polarized infrared radiation have been used to study the stresses induced in single-crystal silicon wafers by electron-beam heating. The results of this work are discussed in relation to previous results of various investigators for stresses produced by several mechanisms. X-ray topographs showing four-lobed rosette patterns are presented together with an infrared birefringence pattern of the same electron-beam-spot area. Also illustrated and discussed is a triangular macrodefect observed by x-ray topography. The results presented herein have led to the conclusion that x-ray rosette patterns and infrared birefringence occur together and are due to thermally induced residual stress surrounding the electron-beam-spot areas. The results also indicate the need for additional experimental and theoretical work on the relation between scattering phenomena observed for electromagnetic radiations of different wavelengths.

The Sporophyte and Sporeling of Bryopteris filicina (Sw.) Nees

The shoot-sporophyte relationship, sporophyte structure, and sporeling pattern of the liverwort Bryopteris filicina were studied in serial sections. As has been recorded for other members of the Lejeuneaceae, the sporophyte of B. filicina develops entirely within the enlarged calyptra. The foot is simple and lacks a collar. The seta is articulate, and in transverse section is of Douin's general type, a type which differs from that usually found in the Lejeuneaceae. The two-layered capsule wall has characteristic thickenings, the elaters are unispiral, and the spores are marked with distinct rosette patterns. Sporeling development from a globose protonema within the exospore is of the Frullania type. Bryopteris filicina (Sw.) Nees, the type species of the tropical genus Bryopteris, belongs to the tribe Holostipae of the family Lejeuneaceae. The mature plant consists of a prostrate caudex with scalelike leaves from which arise erect, freely branching, leafy stems or axes. The underleaves on these leafy axes are undivided, as is characteristic of the Holostipae, and the leaves are complicate-bilobed with a large ovate dorsal lobe and a small, inflated, ventral lobule. The female inflorescence is borne on a special, short, lateral branch without vegetative leaves (Fig. 1). In contrast to the single series of female bracts and bracteoles common in most members of the Lejeuneaceae, B. filicina has three to four series of bracts and bracteoles, all of which differ from the vegetative leaves (Fig. 1, BR, BE). In both bracts and bracteoles there is a gradual increase in size and marginal configuration from the small, appressed, basal series to the large, spreading, innermost series. The lobes and lobules of the bracts are acute in the basal series, long acuminate in the inner series. The basal bracteole is small and undivided, while the innermost bracteole is as long as the innermost bracts, is keeled, and is divided halfway into two equal, long, acuminate lobes, coarsely toothed along the outer margin. The mature perianth, which is mostly concealed by the innermost bracts and bracteoles, is more or less oblong in outline and has three sharp keels, two lateral and one ventral (Fig. 2). In all previous descriptions of B. filicina, no details of the sporophyte structure, the shoot-sporophyte relationship, or sporeling development have been included. SPOROPHYTE STRUCTURE Serial sections were made of material collected by George S. Bryan3 in 1923 in Huanuco, in the vicinity of Mufia, Peru, and preserved in formyl-acetic alcohol in the 1 Part of a thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. I thank Dr. Margaret Fulford for her help in this study. 2 Department of Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221. 'After Dr. Bryan's death this material was sent to Dr. Fulford by Dr. Iltis of the University of Wisconsin, and it is now at the University of Cincinnati. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.217 on Mon, 18 Apr 2016 06:36:53 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 424 THE BRYOLOGIST [Volume 70

Influence of Charged Defects on Mechanical Properties of Lead Sulfide

A chemical etch, suitable for revealing dislocation etch pits on cleaved crystals of PbS, has been utilized to reveal rosette patterns formed upon indentation of specimens whose charge-carrier concentration had been fixed by high-temperature equilibration in controlled sulfur pressure. Hardness and rosette wing length are nearly independent of concentration of free electrons in the range 2×1017 to 3×1019 cm−3. This is true for n-type material prepared by introduction of an excess of lead or by addition of a high concentration of bismuth donors to the PbS. Similar measurements on p-type, sulfur excess crystals, pure or containing silver as an acceptor addition, reveal a marked dependence of hardness and wing length on concentration of holes. For hole concentrations above 8×1017 cm−3, rapid hardening is observed with an attendant decrease in rosette size. It is suggested that this behavior results from an electrostatic interaction between charged dislocations and acceptor point defects.