Rosemary Tea Research Articles

After The COVID-19 Pandemic, Nurses' Attitudes Toward The Use Of Herbs For Seasonal Influenza in Türkiye

Objective: This study aims to examine the attitude of nurses toward the use of herbal therapies for seasonal influenza after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive study was completed with 153 nurses working in shifts at the university hospital. This study was conducted between April 1, 2023, and May 1, 2023. The data were collected in the form of an online questionnaire with the "Introductory Information Form" prepared by the researchers in line with the literature, and the "Attitudes Towards Using Complementary Therapies Scale". Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.84±6.32 years. Among the nurses who participated in the study, 58.2% stated that they had COVID-19 disease in the previous years (2019–2022), and 41.8% had seasonal flu this year (2023). The majority of nurses (91.5%) reported knowing herbal methods, and 39.2% reported using social media as a source of herbal method information. Demographic factors did not significantly affect COVID-19 and seasonal influenza status, herbal treatment knowledge or use. However, gender, education and marital status played a role in participation in herbal treatment. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that nurses who experienced seasonal influenza after the COVID-19 pandemic had positive attitudes toward the use of herbal treatment during influenza. The most frequently used methods for herbal treatment include herbal teas, the use of herbal oils, and mixtures. In the study, it was found that nurses used rosemary tea, chamomile oil, and black cumin honey mixtures the most, respectively.

Exploring the anti-hyperglycemic potential of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) tea in type 2 diabetic individuals

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a natural aromatic shrub that is rich in anti-oxidants including polyphenols and flavonoids. It may also improve other aspects of human health such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and brain-related disorders. For this purpose, characterization (proximate analysis and TPC) of rosemary leaves was conducted as a part of the study. Human efficacy was carried out on 30 diabetic individuals comprising The current study was carried out to explore the anti-hyperglycemic potential of R. officinalis) tea in type 2 diabetic females. Of 3 groups. G0 acted as a control group, G1 (4g/day) and G2 (8g/day) consumed rosemary leaves tea for 8 weeks. These individuals were assessed for their anthropometric measurements (weight, waist, hip and neck circumference), random blood glucose levels and fasting blood glucose levels before, during and after the study. The results were analysed and data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. The results of the study showed that the effect of rosemary tea on FBG, RBG and anthropometry is significant. Therefore, the study concluded that Rosemary tea was effective against hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic females.

Rosemary Tea Consumption Alters Peripheral Anxiety and Depression Biomarkers: A Pilot Study in Limited Healthy Volunteers

Background: Rosmarinus officinalis L.is traditionally used as an infusion in the treatment of several diseases and in particular against neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. It was established that rosemary extracts show an antidepressant effect on animal models. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no scientific data that highlights the therapeutic effects of rosemary intake on human mental health. Aim: This study investigated whether rosemary tea consumption affects the plasma levels of anxiety and depression biomarkers in healthy volunteers. Methods: Twenty-two healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 50 years old consumed rosemary tea prepared from 5 g of dried rosemary in 100 mL boiled water once a day for 10 days. Plasma concentrations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Interleukine-6 (IL-6), Interleukine-4 (IL-4), Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha (TNF-α), Interferon-gamma (IFNϒ), and cortisol were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial ELISA kits (R&D systems) before rosemary consumption and at the end of the experiment. Results: Rosemary tea consumption significantly increased the concentration of BDNF([BDNF]D0 = 22363.86 ± 12987.66 pg/mL, [BDNF]D10 = 41803.64 ± 28109.19, p = 0.006) and TNF-α([TNF-α] D0 = 39.49 ± 14.44 pg/mL, [TNF-α] D10 = 56.24 ± 39.01, p = 0.016). However, a slight variation that was statistically non-significant in INFϒ, cortisol, IL-4, IL-6 levels and in the ratio IL-4/INFϒ was observed (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the promising anxiolytic and/or antidepressant effects of rosemary tea consumption in healthy volunteers since it increases the level of the most reliable depression biomarker BDNF. However, more powerful studies with larger sample size, carefully-chosen target population and, an extended intervention period are required.

Bioavailability and nutrikinetics of rosemary tea phenolic compounds in humans

Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a widespread aromatic plant commonly consumed as a tea in traditional cuisine and in folk medicine to treat various illnesses due to its therapeutic properties. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the bioavailability and metabolism of R. officinalis tea polyphenols in humans. This study was aimed at assessing the bioavailability and nutrikinetics of R. officinalis phenolic compounds in healthy humans for the first time. Forty-eight compounds were identified in plasma and urine. Few un-metabolized compounds were detected since rosemary polyphenols were extensively metabolized into phase II conjugates, with rapid appearance and clearance in plasma, pointing to small intestinal absorption. Phase II derivatives of caffeic acid showed kinetics compatible with both intestinal and colonic hydrolysis of rosmarinic acid yielding free caffeic and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acids, which were absorbed and metabolized into phase II derivatives. These metabolites, along with reduced forms of caffeic acid and their phase II metabolites, and those of hydroxyphenylpropionic, hydroxylphenylacetic, benzoic and hippuric acids, highlight the importance of colonic absorption. Total urinary excretion of the phenols added up to 235 µmol, corresponding to 22.3% of the ingested amount (1055 µM). In conclusion, rosemary tea polyphenols are partially bioavailable and extensively metabolized, mainly by the colonic microbiota.

Ultra-trace cadmium determination in eucalyptus and rosemary tea samples using a novel method: deep eutectic solvent based magnetic nanofluid liquid phase microextraction-slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A deep eutectic solvent-based magnetic nanofluid liquid phase microextraction method was developed for the preconcentration of cadmium prior to its determination using the slotted quartz tube flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry system.

A shortened treatment with rosemary tea (rosmarinus officinalis) instead of glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (TSD).

Rosemary leaves powder has been reported to reduce in a dose-dependent manner, glucose levels, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in humans. However, patients should ingest high doses of powder contained in capsules. This formulation constitutes the intake of 10 capsules per day, so the active metabolite must first, be released and then absorbed (for which, rosemary leaf powder must be mixed with gastric juice). Evaluate whether a shortened dose and time of treatment as well as the pharmaceutical presentation in rosemary tea (Rosmarinus officinalis) instead of powder have a therapeutic effect in the treatment of T2D. The complementary therapy with Rosemary tea (2g/1 litre of water per day) were evaluate on resistance to insulin, oxidative stress, biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements in forty patients T2D under treatment with metformin and/or glibenclamide afther giving your authorization through informed consent. The data indicated that Rosemary tea intake after 90 days, statistically decreased (p < 0.05) anthropometric parameters like the body mass index and waist-hip ratio. Remarkably, this treatment decreased the percentages of glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, and the pancreatic β-cell function and lastly, a significant difference in lipid peroxide levels was found. These data show that shortening time and dose, as well as changing the formulation of the Rosemary plant constitutes a promising treatment for drug-resistant T2D patients.

Effects of Electrostatic Spray and Natural Antioxidants on Chemical Quality of Grass-Finished Beef Strips Steaks

ObjectivesThis study was aimed to determine how electrostatic spray of natural antioxidants impacts chemical quality of grass-finished beef strip steaks.Materials and MethodsTwenty certified grass-finished beef loins from ten animals were purchased from a certified grass-fed beef purveyor. Two loins of the same animals were cut into sixteen 2.5-cm thick steaks (eight steaks per loin) without the gluteus medius muscle. A factorial arrangement of 4 treatments, including a negative control (no spraying; NEG) and 1000-ppm of electrostatic spray of cherry extract rich in ascorbic acid (ES-ACE), electrostatic spray of rosemary and green tea extract rich in polyphenols (ES-RGT), and pressurized spray of ACE (PS-ACE), and 2 retail time points (0 and 5 d) was randomized within an animal, resulting in two steaks receiving a treatment × day combination within an animal. Five loins were randomly selected for chemical analyses (n = 10 per treatment × day combination). Meat antioxidants were extracted in methanol. The extracted antioxidants were reacted with ABTS+ radical cation (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt) solution diluted to an absorbance of 0.85 to measure Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) at 734 nm. The extract was also reacted with Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent to measure total phenolic compounds at 765 nm. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were extracted in 10% trichloroacetic acid and reacted with thiobarbituric acid and the resulted pigment was measured at 532 nm. Data were analyzed by the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS v9.4 and actual probability was reported.ResultsOn d 0, NEG steaks had less FC values than all treatment steaks (P &lt; 0.001), of which the ES_ACE steaks had 14 and 100% more than PS_ACE and ES_RGT steaks, respectively (P ≤ 0.005). Only ES_ACE steaks had greater FC value than NEG steaks on d 5 (P &lt; 0.001). As a result, TEAC value of ES_ACE steaks was 17 and 75% more than that of PS_ACE and ES_RGT steaks (P ≤ 0.005) and remained greater than that of NEG steaks on d 5 (P = 0.064). Greater antioxidant capacity in ES_ACE and PS_ACE steaks decreased lipid oxidation by 56% (0.9 µg MDA/kg less in ES_ACE and PS_ACE on d 5) as compared with NEG steaks in ES_ACE steaks in contrast to the other treatments (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionElectrostatic spray of cherry extract rich in ascorbic acid was the most effective antioxidant application to prevent lipid oxidation in grass-finished beef strips steaks.

Rosmarinic Acid, a Component of Rosemary Tea, Induced the Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis through Modulation of HDAC2 Expression in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.

Rosmarinic acid (RA), a main phenolic compound contained in rosemary which is used as tea, oil, medicine and so on, has been known to present anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer effects. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that play important roles in gene expression by removing the acetyl group from histone. The aberrant expression of HDAC in human tumors is related with the onset of human cancer. Especially, HDAC2, which belongs to HDAC class I composed of HDAC 1, 2, 3 and 8, has been reported to be highly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) where it downregulates the expression of p53, resulting in an inhibition of apoptosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of RA in comparison with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an HDAC inhibitor used as an anti-cancer agent, on survival and apoptosis of PCa cell lines, PC-3 and DU145, and the expression of HDAC. RA decreased the cell proliferation in cell viability assay, and inhibited the colony formation and tumor spheroid formation. Additionally, RA induced early- and late-stage apoptosis of PC-3 and DU145 cells in Annexin V assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. In western blot analysis, RA inhibited the expression of HDAC2, as SAHA did. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 were downregulated by RA, whereas p21 was upregulated. In addition, RA modulated the protein expression of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway-related genes, such as Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) (cleaved) via the upregulation of p53 derived from HDAC2 downregulation, leading to the increased apoptosis of PC-3 and DU145 cells. Taken together, treatment of RA to PCa cell lines inhibits the cell survival and induces cell apoptosis, and it can be used as a novel therapeutic agent toward PCa.

Determination of Vitamin B2 Content in Black, Green, Sage, and Rosemary Tea Infusions by Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection

Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin (RF) is an essential micronutrient for human health and must be obtained from dietary sources. Plants biosynthesize riboflavin and are important dietary sources of vitamin B2 for humans. Our present study reports sensitive detection of vitamin B2 in widely consumed tea infusions, namely black, green, sage and rosemary tea infusions, by a capillary electrophoresis method combined with laser induced fluorescence detection. Moreover, the correlation between the vitamin B2 content of tea plants with their total phenolics (TPs) and antioxidant capacity are evaluated in this study. Whereas green teas have the highest TPs and antioxidant capacity, the highest RF content is in sage infusions. The RF content ranged between 0.34 and 10.36 µg/g for all tea samples studied. Comparing the RF content of tea samples found in this study to the RF content of known RF sources, tea infusions are proposed as important dietary sources of vitamin B2.

A Comprehensive Characterisation of Rosemary tea Obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis L. Collected in a sub-Humid Area of Tunisia.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an aromatic plant common in Tunisia and it is widely consumed as a tea in traditional cuisine and in folk medicine to treat various illnesses. Currently, most research efforts have been focused on rosemary essential oil, alcoholic and aqueous extracts, however, little is reported on rosemary infusion composition. To investigate compounds present in rosemary tea obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis L. collected in a sub-humid area of Tunisia in order to assess whether the traditional rosemary tea preparation method could be considered as a reference method for rosemary's compounds extraction. Qualitative characterisation of Rosmarinus officinalis tea obtained after rosemary infusion in boiled water was determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). Quantitative analysis relies on high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Forty-nine compounds belonging to six families, namely flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenolic terpenes, jasmonate, phenolic glycosides, and lignans were identified. To the best of the authors' knowledge eucommin A is characterised for the first time in rosemary. Rosmarinic acid (158.13μg/g dried rosemary) was the main compound followed then by feruloylnepitrin (100.87μg/g) and luteolin-3'-O-(2″-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucuronide (44.04μg/g). Among quantified compounds, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside was the compound with the lowest concentration. The infusion method allows several polyphenols present in rosemary tea to be extracted, therefore it could be a reference method for rosemary's compounds extraction. Moreover, traditional Tunisian Rosmarinus officinalis tea consumption is of interest for its rich phenolic content. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Rosemary tea consumption results to anxiolytic- and anti-depressant-like behavior of adult male mice and inhibits all cerebral area and liver cholinesterase activity; phytochemical investigation and in silico studies

Our aim was to investigate the possible effects of regular drinking of Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaf infusion on behavior and on AChE activity of mice. Rosemary tea (2% w/w) phytochemical profile was investigated through LC/DAD/ESI-MSn. Adult male mice were randomly divided into two groups: “Rosemary-treated” that received orally the rosemary tea for 4weeks and “control” that received drinking water. The effects of regular drinking of rosemary tea on behavioral parameters were assessed by passive avoidance, elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests. Moreover, its effects on cerebral and liver cholinesterase (ChE) isoforms activity were examined colorimetricaly. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of diterpenes, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic derivatives in rosemary tea; the major compounds were quantitatively determined. Its consumption rigorously affected anxiety/fear and depression-like behavior of mice, though memory/learning was unaffected. ChE isoforms activity was significantly decreased in brain and liver of “rosemary treated” mice. In order to explain the tissue ChE inhibition, principal component analysis, pharmacophore alignment and molecular docking were used to explore a possible relationship between main identified compounds of rosemary tea, i.e. rosmarinic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, caffeic acid and known AChE inhibitors. Results revealed potential common pharmacophores of the phenolic components with the inhibitors. Our findings suggest that rosemary tea administration exerts anxiolytic and antidepressant effects on mice and inhibits ChE activity; its main phytochemicals may function in a similar way as inhibitors.

Changes in the volatile composition of fresh pork sausage with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and green tea (Camella sinensis L.) extracts during long-term frozen storage followed by retail display

Changes in the volatile composition of fresh pork sausage with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and green tea (Camella sinensis L.) extracts during long-term frozen storage followed by retail display

Changes in the physicochemical, microbial and sensory characteristics of fresh pork sausage containing varying combinations of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and green tea (Camella sinensis L.) extracts during retail display

Changes in the physicochemical, microbial and sensory characteristics of fresh pork sausage containing varying combinations of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and green tea (Camella sinensis L.) extracts during retail display

The Antioxidative Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Rosemary and Green Tea Leaves: A Comparative Study

The antioxidant activities of rosemary and green tea leaves, aqueous and ethanolic extracts, have been studied by using two different methods (reducing power and chelating ability). It was found that the total phenolic compounds in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of rosemary and green tea leaves were 13.44, 18.75, 39.38 and 48.44 mg/ 100 mg dry extract respectively. The flavonoids (which is a part of the phenolic compounds) were found to be 9.54, 12.65, 17.69 and 22.70 mg/ 100 mg dry extract in aqueous and ethanolic extract of rosemary and green tea leaves respectively. The ethanolic extract shows high content of phenolic compounds and in turn highly antioxidative activiy for both rosemary and green tea leaves as compared with aqueous extract.The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of rosemary and green tea leaves show high reducing power ability comparing with their abilities as chelating agents. Although, the phenolic compounds of green tea leave almost about 3-fold as compared with rosemary leave in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts, their extracts show extremely the same mode of action in both methods of determination (the reducing power and chelating ability). Therefore, we are fully recommended the rosemary leave extracts as a potent food preservative.

Use of Natural Antioxidants to Stabilize Fish Oil Systems

ABSTRACT The antioxidant potential of 8 different naturally occurring antioxidants were tested on fish oil systems extracted from livers of white pollack (Pollachius pollachius) or cod (Gadus morhua) by cold extraction. Peroxide, anisidine and totox values were measured over a 16-day period at 30°C. Cod liver oil samples containing rosemary tea catechins had lower levels of lipid oxidation in comparison to the samples containing the other natural antioxidants. White pollack liver oil samples containing tea catechins had lower levels of lipid oxidation in comparison to the oil samples containing the other natural antioxidants. Black clove oil, white clove oil, mustard and carvacol had no significant effect, whereas the addition of synthetic or natural vitamin E had a negative effect on the oxidative stability of the extracted oil samples.