Rosemary Essential Oil Research Articles

Callosobruchus maculatus males and females respond differently to grandparental effects.

In this study, we used the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and two essential oils (mint and rosemary) to investigate the effect of the parents (F0) exposure to a sublethal dose of essential oil on grand offspring (F2) encountering the same essential oil. Then we evaluated biological parameters, including immature development time, sex ratio, adult emergence, egg number, egg hatch, longevity, and mating behaviors in three generations (F0, F1, and F2). Results showed when F0 experienced essential oil in the embryonic stage, parental and grandparental effects were more severe than adulthood experiences. Also, grandparental effects increased or decreased reactions of F2 generation when faced with a similar essential oil, depending on grand offspring sex. For example, when grandparents experienced rosemary essential oil in the embryonic stage, they produced more tolerant female grand offspring with a better ability to cope with the same essential oil (increased adult longevity and egg number). However, male grandoffspring were more sensitive (had a higher mortality percentage and less copulation success). Grandparental effects of exposure to mint essential oil diminished female grand offspring longevity and improved male copulation behavior parameters such as increased copulation duration and decreased rejection by females. In all, grandparental effects were different in male and female grand offspring based on the essential oil type experienced by F0.

Allelopathic Potential of Aqueous Extracts and Essential Oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Thymus vulgaris L

Allelopathic effects of essential oils and aqueous extracts from Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Thymus vulgaris (thyme) have been investigated as a source of new natural herbicidal compounds to suppress two weeds: Chenopodium album and Echinochloa crus-galli associated with two important economic crops, Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Oryza sativa (rice), respectively. A petri-dish experiment was performed, and 10, 20, 50, and 100% aqueous solutions, and doses of 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 µL of essential oil per petri dish were applied. The number of germinated seeds in each Petri dish was counted daily. After 15 days, germination percentage, the coefficient of velocity of germination, speed of germination, germination energy, germination index, mean germination time, seedling shoot length, root length, shoot–root ratio, and seedling vigour index were recorded. The chemical profiles of both essential oils were identified with GC–MS analysis. Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), α-pinene, and camphor were identified as the dominant constituents of the rosemary essential oil. The major components detected in thyme essential oil were thymol, o-cymene, caryophyllene, and gamma-terpinene. The results showed that thyme essential oils had the most negative effect by inhibiting the germination of weeds. Both rosemary and thyme essential oils had a generally reducing effect on the growth parameters of weeds. The essential oils of rosemary and thyme have allelopathic potential and should be assessed as allelopathic agents to be used for weed control.

Inhibition of corrosion of an aluminum alloy by rosemary and eucalyptus extracted oils in 1M hydrochloric acid medium: an experimental and theoretical study.

In this study, we explored aluminum corrosion inhibition field of study in a 1M HCl solution, harnessing the power of essential oils extracted from rosemary and eucalyptus plants. Our exploration gives a comprehensive analysis of the pivotal factors that shape the corrosion inhibition process. Our scientific journey was marked by a deliberate and systematic approach, encompassing the utilization of gravimetric analysis (weight loss), electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization, and the sophisticated electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) techniques. Our findings unveiled promising and nuanced outcomes, particularly in the area of the electrochemical technique. This method demonstrated remarkable inhibition efficiencies, ranging from 42% to an impressive 92% for rosemary essential oil and from 37 to 84% for eucalyptus essential oil. These results unveiled a dynamic relationship between essential oil concentration and inhibition efficiency, a revelation that further deepens our understanding of the corrosion inhibition process. The inhibition efficiency increased with higher concentrations of essential oil but decreased with elevated temperatures. Furthermore, our analysis traversed into the realms of potentiodynamic and thermodynamic insights. These analytical techniques unearthed the complex mechanisms at play, explaining the pathway followed by the studied inhibitors. They exhibited their prowess by forming protective films on the metal surface, acting as vigilant protectors against the relentless forces of corrosion. Complementing our experimental findings, our study of computational chemistry through density functional theory (DFT) unveiled remarkable insights. It elucidated the spontaneous adsorption process of inhibitor molecules onto the aluminum surface in the presence of H2O solvent. This computational harmony with our experimental results strengthened our confidence in the robustness of our findings. One of the key findings of this study was the superior inhibitory power of camphor in rosemary EO and β-myrcene in eucalyptus essential oil EO, respectively, attributed to the distinctive characteristics of the active sites found in each compound. The inhibitory effectiveness followed the order β-myrcene > camphor > borneol > α-pinene > bornyl acetate > p-cymene > 1,8-cineole. These compounds, notable for their distinct active sites, emerged as exceptional agents in the pursuit of effective corrosion inhibition.

Response of Fresh-Cut Iceberg Lettuce to Fumigation with Botanical Essential Oils

Abstract The study was conducted on iceberg lettuce ‘Ice Wave F1’. The effect of prestorage treatment with seven essential oils (EOs) of rosemary, peppermint, basil, thyme, marjoram, lemon, and oregano on the quality of cut lettuce was evaluated. The lettuce was fumigated with EOs for two hours in airtight containers. Two concentrations of EOs were used: 16.7 μL·L−1 and 33.3 μL·L−1. Fumigation with rosemary and thyme EOs lowered the browning of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce and thus the deterioration of its appearance during six days of storage. Lettuce fumigated with thyme EO scored relatively high in sensory quality and consumer acceptability. Lettuce fumigated with rosemary EO was characterized by high intensity of aroma and herbal flavor, significantly lowering its sensory rating. Marjoram EO at a dose of 16.7 μL·L−1 resulted in the fastest browning of lettuce cut surface and relatively reduced the market value during storage. Other EOs had no significant effect on the quality of cut lettuce during shelf life. It was also found that fumigation did not change bacteria, fungi, and mold populations on fresh-cut iceberg lettuce during short-term storage. The results obtained in the study showed that fumigation with thyme oil at a concentration of 33.3 μL·L−1 is most recommended for use in the storage of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce, but implementing these results into practice requires further research.

Enhancing Vegetative Growth and Nutrient Assimilation Through Nano-Biofertilizers

This study, conducted at Zabol University in Iran during 2019-2020, aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress and various fertilizer treatments on the growth, nutrient assimilation, and essential oil production of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The second year of the experiment yielded the most favorable growth results, attributed to the establishment of mature root systems. Drought stress negatively impacted growth parameters, but the application of nano-bio-fertilizers and bio-fertilizers mitigated these adverse effects. Under drought stress conditions, there was a decrease in leaf nitrogen and phosphorus levels, while potassium levels increased. The utilization of biological and nano-biological fertilizers enhanced the nutritional environment, stimulating root growth and improving soil conditions. Intriguingly, drought stress led to an increase in the production of secondary metabolites, including essential oil. Both nano-systemic and biological fertilizers further augmented essential oil yield, demonstrating their efficacy in high-stress conditions. Additionally, this research identified a negative correlation between plant growth and essential oil percentage. The strategic application of fertilizers has the potential to counteract the detrimental impacts of drought stress, optimizing rosemary's growth and essential oil yield.

Washing solutions containing nanoemulsified essential oils as a potential substitute of commercial washes for the decontamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cherry tomatoes

Fresh produce is still a food safety concern as it can be contaminated by bacterial pathogens. Most of these products cannot be pasteurized, making the application of a washing step essential for food safety. Commercial disinfectants can become a hazard for the consumer, which motivates this study to evaluate alternative washing solutions based on nanoemulsified oregano and rosemary essential oils (EOs) for the decontamination of E. coli O157:H7 on cherry tomatoes. Every washing solution was more effective than tap water, and the origin of the EOs (Romania or Spain) did not influence their antibacterial activity. The efficacy was depended on the concentration, with the highest oregano EO nanoemulsion concentration (10%) having a disinfectant effect equivalent to commercial chlorine solution (∼3.5 log CFU), while a 10% rosemary EO solution was less effective (∼2.5 log CFU). Using a QMRA model, it can be concluded that the consumer risk to E. coli O157:H7 would not increase by substituting the commercial chlorine-based solution with the 10% oregano EO-based nanoemulsion. In conclusion, although further research is still needed to fully assess its industrial implementation, the washing solutions based on EOs nanoemulsions developed in this study could be an alternative to the current chlorine commercial products for produce.

Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli.

The purpose of this research was to synthesize nanocomposites consisting of sulfur nanoparticles coated with eucalyptus and rosemary essential oils to determine the insecticidal effect in the control of nymphs of paratrioza (Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae)) in potato crops. A solution of thiosulfate was reduced to elemental sulfur, and the sulfur nanoparticles were coated with eucalyptus and rosemary essential oils with the three concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. The samples were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The insecticidal efficacy of the nanocomposites was evaluated in the entomology laboratory 24, 48, and 72 h after application. Furthermore, efficacy was compared to the commercial insecticide thiamethoxam (0.25%) and a control. The results show that eucalyptus nanocomposites with oil concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% and rosemary nanocomposites with an oil concentration of 0.5% have an insecticidal efficacy of 100% for the control of insect nymphs 24 h after application. The insecticidal efficacy of rosemary nanocomposites with oil concentrations of 0.25% and 0.75% increases over time and reaches 100% at 24 and 72 h, respectively. The synthesized nanocomposites are more effective in controlling nymphs of paratrioza than the commercial insecticide thiamethoxam; thus, they could be used for the development of new insecticides.

Nanoencapsulation of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil into Chitosan crosslinked to Tripolyphosphate nanoparticles and Alginate/Chitosan nanoparticles: Formulation, characterization, in vitro release study, and in vivo evaluation

This study delves into the intricate realm of nanoencapsulation, focusing on the application of chitosan crosslinked to TPP and alginate/chitosan-based nanoparticles to encapsulate Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. The core objective was to unravel the potential pharmacological merits and controlled release dynamics underpinning this novel encapsulation technique. The experimental results painted a compelling portrait of rosemary oil, showcasing its multifaceted efficacy as an antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant agent. In the realm of nanotechnology, we were able to formulate nanoparticles under 100 nm, demonstrating exceptional stability. A pivotal aspect of this research revolved around encapsulation efficiency, determined via UV-vis spectroscopy. The results proved staggering, illustrating an encapsulation rate surpassing the 98% benchmark, ensuring minimal essential oil wastage. In vitro assays illuminated the controlled, sustained release attributes of the encapsulated essential oil, thereby further substantiating the potential of this encapsulation approach. FTIR analysis provided insights into the intricate interactions transpiring within these nanoparticles. Venturing into living organisms, our comprehensive in vivo assessments confirmed the significant analgesic activity of our nanoparticles encapsulating rosemary essential oil. This revelation opens exciting prospects for therapeutic applications. Microscopic observations into the SEM solidified the presence and even distribution of these nanoparticles. These compelling findings chart new avenues for the development of more potent, precisely targeted pharmaceutical interventions.
 Keywords: Rosemary essential oil, chitosan, sodium alginate, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoencapsulation

Evaluation of the Mechanism of Action of Rosemary Volatile Oil in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Using Gas Chromatography -mass Spectrometry Analysis and Network Pharmacology.

This study aimed to investigate the active components and mechanism of action of rosemary volatile oil for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) using network pharmacology. We obtained the constituents of the rosemary volatile oil by searching Chinese herbal systemic pharmacological databases and analytical platforms and constructed the constituent-target networks by predicting and screening the action targets of the rosemary volatile oil constituents using SwissTargetPrediction, metaTarFisher, and Pubchem. We obtained the AD-related targets using the Genecards, OMIM, and DisGeNET databases and constructed the protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) using the STRING database in Venny 2.1.0 graph to identify the cross-targets by screening the core-acting targets. Cytoscape 3.8.2 software was used to construct a componenttarget- pathway network to screen the potential active components of the rosemary volatile oil for the treatment of AD and predict the mechanism of action of the rosemary volatile oil for the treatment of AD in combination with existing pharmacological studies. We performed a gene ontology (GO) biological process and a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the targets of the rosemary volatile oil for the treatment of AD using R language and molecular docking using Discovery Studio 4.0 software to validate their biological activities. A network constructed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified 26 potentially active ingredients in the rosemary volatile oil. We retrieved a total of 10762 AD targets from Genecards and other databases. Our GO enrichment analysis yielded 39 entries (P < 0.05), including 14 entries for biological processes, five entries for cellular composition, and 20 entries for molecular function. A total of 14 entries (P < 0.05) were then enriched in the KEGG pathway that primarily involved the IL-17 signaling pathway and the AGE-RAGE pathway. The active components of rosemary volatile oil had good inhibition of the inflammatory response. This study provides a reference and guidance for the in-depth study on rosemary volatile oil for the treatment of AD.

Training in tools to develop quantitative microbial risk assessment of ready-to-eat food with a comparison between the Romanian and Spanish food supply chains.

The prevention and control of bacterial contamination on ready-to-eat (RTE) fresh produce is an essential task to ensure food safety. Therefore, the development of novel and effective decontamination technologies to ensure microbiological safety of fruits and vegetables has gained considerable attention and new sanitisation methods are needed. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) is well documented, but their application in fresh produce remains a challenge due to their hydrophobic nature. Thus, nanoemulsions efficiently contribute to support the use of EOs in foods by enhancing their dispersibility, their contact area and facilitating the introduction into bacterial cells. The combination of these factors ultimately increases their antimicrobial activity. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is gaining more attention as an effective tool to assess and prevent potential risks associated with food-borne pathogens. In this context, the current project aims to study the effectiveness of different washing methods based on nanoemulsified EOs, comparing them against traditional methods, using a QMRA model for Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cherry tomatoes. Different simulations within a stochastic risk assessment model were implemented using the biorisk package for R, aiming to describe microbial behaviour and biological risk along the Romanian and Spanish food supply chains of RTE fresh produce. Nanoemulsions were prepared using oregano and rosemary EOs, each from Romania and Spain. The four nanoemulsions were evaluated as decontamination treatments to control the growth of E. coli O157:H7 on artificially contaminated cherry tomatoes. The decontamination treatments showed encouraging results, comparable to commonly used chlorine solutions. Therefore, oregano and rosemary nanoemulsions are promising and could be a feasible alternative for chlorine solutions in the reduction of microbiological contaminants.

The JAK/STAT/NF-κB signaling pathway can be regulated by rosemary essential oil, thereby providing a potential treatment for DNCB-induced in mice

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism through which rosemary essential oil treats atopic dermatitis. MethodsA dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis mouse model was established and treated with low (1%), medium (2%), and high (4%) doses of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (EORO). Serum levels of interleukin (IL)−6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in each group were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Skin tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue. We used network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques to verify the biological activity of essential proteins and their corresponding compounds in the pathway. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for metabolomics analysis and multivariate statistical analysis of mouse serum to screen differential metabolites and metabolic pathway analysis. Protein expression of p-JAK1, CD4+ cells, and IL-4 in the skin tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry analysis. Protein levels of STAT3, p-STAT3, P65, and p-P65 in damaged skin tissues were detected using western blotting. ResultThe skin of mice in the model group showed different degrees of erythema, dryness, scratches, epidermal erosion and shedding, and crusting. After treatment, the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in EORO group were significantly decreased, and the expression of p-JAK1,CD4 + cells, IL-4, p-P65 / P65 and p-STAT3 / STAT3 proteins in skin tissues were decreased. ConclusionEORO can effectively improve DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions in mice by regulating the JAK/STAT/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby reducing the production of downstream arachidonic acid metabolites, inhibiting skin inflammation, and restoring epidermal barrier function.

Effects of rosemary essential oil as a feed additive on performance, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters in preweaning Holstein calves

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rosemary essential oil (REO) supplementation on growth performance, some blood metabolites and rumen fermentation in calves throughout the suckling period. Fourty Holstein calves were randomly divided to four dietary groups. Each group consisted of 10 calves; control with no REO supplementation (CON), supplementation of 500 mg/d REO (REO1), supplementation of 1000 mg/d REO (REO2) and supplementation of 2000 mg/d REO (REO3). REO supplementation quadratically increased (P&lt;0.05) the calf starter (CS) intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. Calves fed REO1 and REO2 had the highest CS intake and ADG. Ruminal ammonia-N concentration was lower (P=0.02) for calves fed REO3 than calves fed REO1, but total volatile fatty acids concentration was higher (P&lt;0.01) for calves fed REO1 compared with calves fed CON and REO3. The concentrations of ghrelin, NEFA and BHBA increased linearly (P&lt;0.05) with increasing levels of REO. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the highest concentration of ghrelin. Cholesterol concentration decreased linearly (P&lt;0.01) with increasing REO levels on d 56. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the lowest cholesterol concentration. Also, serum IgG concentration was higher (P&lt;0.01) in calves fed REO2 and REO3 compared with calves fed CON on d 28. It was concluded that the addition of different amounts of rosemary essential oil can positively change some rumen and blood metabolites of calves, as well as the supplementation of REO may have a beneficial effect on growth performance by increasing ghrelin.

The Gelatin-Coated Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Containing Salvia officinalis Extract: Optimization by Combined D-Optimal Design and Its Application to Improve the Quality Parameters of Beef Burger.

The current study aims to synthesize the gelatin-coated nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) to encapsulate sage extract and use this nanoparticle to increase the quality parameters of beef burger samples. NLCs were prepared by formulation of gelatin (as surfactant and coating biopolymer), tallow oil (as solid lipid), rosemary essential oil (as liquid lipid), sage extract (as active material or encapsulant), polyglycerol ester and Tween 80 (as low-molecular emulsifier) through the high-shear homogenization-sonication method. The effects of gelatin concentrations and the solid/liquid ratio on the particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of sage extract-loaded NLCs were quantitatively investigated and optimized using a combined D-optimal design. Design expert software suggested the optimum formulation with a gelatin concentration of 0.1 g/g suspension and solid/liquid lipid ratio of 60/40 with a particle size of 100.4 nm, PDI of 0.36, and EE% 80%. The morphology, interactions, thermal properties, and crystallinity of obtained NLC formulations were investigated by TEM, FTIR, DSC, and XRD techniques. The optimum sage extract-loaded/gelatin-coated NLC showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than free extract after 30 days of storage. It also indicated a higher inhibitory effect against E. coli and P. aeruginosa than free form in MIC and MBC tests. The optimum sage extract-loaded/gelatin-coated NLC, more than free extract, increased the oxidation stability of the treated beef burger samples during 90 days of storage at 4 and -18 °C (verified by thiobarbituric acid and peroxide values tests). Incorporation of the optimum NLC to beef burgers also effectively decreased total counts of mesophilic bacteria, psychotropic bacteria, S. aureus, coliform, E. coli, molds, and yeasts of treated beef burger samples during 0, 3, and 7 days of storage in comparison to the control sample. These results suggested that the obtained sage extract-loaded NLC can be an effective preservative to extend the shelf life of beef burgers.

Comprehensive Analysis of Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Hydro Distilled Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Essential Oil

In recent years, there has been a growing need to enhance the quality of essential oils due to their diverse applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and perfumery industries. Rosemary essential oil, derived from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L., has garnered attention for its multifaceted properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic attributes, making it a potential therapeutic agent. This study focused on extracting rosemary essential oil using the hydrodistillation method and assessing its physicochemical properties. The physical parameters of the oil, including appearance, odor, solubility, specific gravity, refractive index, and density, were analyzed, revealing its unique characteristics. The chemical parameters, such as acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, and ester value, provided insights into the composition and quality of the oil. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of rosemary essential oil was evaluated through DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays at various concentrations, demonstrating its significant antioxidant potential. These findings highlight the quality and potential applications of rosemary essential oil in diverse industries, emphasizing its role as a natural source of antioxidants with promising prospects for further exploration and utilization in food industry as a preservative and natural flavorant.

RETRACTED: Ameliorative effect of gel combination of Centella asiatica extract transfersomes and rosemary essential oil nanoemulsion against UVB-induced skin aging in Balb/c mice [version 1; peer review: 3 approved with reservations

RETRACTION NOTICE (3rd October 2023): The article by Khotimah H, Dewi Lestari Ismail D, Widasmara D et al. ‘Ameliorative effect of gel combination of Centella asiatica extract transfersomes and rosemary essential oil nanoemulsion against UVB-induced skin aging in Balb/c mice’[version 1; peer review: 3 approved with reservations] (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.109318.1) has been retracted from F1000Research by the F1000 Editorial Team. During prepublication checks of a new article by these authors, the F1000 Editorial Team noticed that the dataset and methodology of the new article were very similar to this published article. Investigation into the content of these two articles was performed by the F1000 Editorial Team, which revealed discrepancies in the ethical approval (approval document mentioned rats when the study was in mice; new article mentioned consent when study in animals) and methodology (wrong description of mouse model used); and concerns over the treatment of the mice (wellbeing concerns during shaving procedure and euthanasia) and authenticity of the data. The new article was rejected. For this published article, the F1000 Editorial Team requested an explanation from the authors regarding the above issues, including a request for a copy of the ethical approval document, on 22nd March and 29th March 2023. The authors’ institution was contacted on 24th April and 21st June 2023. The authors were unable to respond adequately to our queries; the institution has not responded to our requests. The decision was made by the F1000 Editorial Team to retract this article, due to the inability to verify the ethical approval for this study, and concerns over data integrity and the study design, including the treatment of the mice. The authors have seen a copy of this retraction notice. Husnul Khotimah and Dina Dewi Lestari Ismail agree with the retraction of the article. No responses were received from the other authors.

Chemical analysis of Eucalyptus and Rosemary essential oils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluation of their toxicity against teh most common urban pest

Using plant essential oils (EOs) as a pesticide alternative has gained increasing interest as a promising strategy to reduce the harmful effects of chemical pesticides. This study aims to investigate the chemical composition of Eucalyptus globulus Labill and Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oils and evaluate their impacts against Blattella germanica L. under laboratory conditions. The essential oils were prepared from dried leaves using hydro-distillation (HD) as a chemical extraction method. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to analyze and identify their chemical compounds. Bioassays were conducted using the standard contact method recommended by the World Health Organization, and the data were analyzed using the probit regression model. By GC-MS analysis, the major components included 1,8-cineole (50.67%), alpha-pinene (17.48%), limonene (4.26%) for eucalyptus and alpha-pinene (20.67%), camphor (10.69%), 1,8-cineole (9.38%), Borneol (9.02%), comphene (7.15%), and limonene (4.88%) for rosemary. The LD50 values were 9. 27, 10.54, and 3.23 %, and LD95 values increased to 27.2, 22.3 %, and 14.3% for rosemary, eucalyptus, and their mixture. The EOs mixture had a higher repellent effect with a repellency rate of 98.9% at a concentration of 3% compared to 93.3% and 90% at a concentration of 5% for rosemary and eucalyptus alone.

Application of Lavender and Rosemary Essential Oils (EOs), Their Mixture and Eucalyptol (EOs Main Compound) on Cucumber Fruit Quality Attributes and Microbial Load

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), one of the most widely consumed vegetables, presents high perishability during storage and marketing if it is not handled and stored properly. Currently, there is an increased interest of the food industry to reduce waste (due to quality losses) and to utilize natural products for the preservation of fresh commodities. This study’s goal was to evaluate the effects of lavender (Lav) and rosemary (Ros) essential oils (EOs), their mixture (Lav + Ros, 1:1 v/v) and their main compound (eucalyptol) via vapor phase on cucumber’s postharvest quality. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that 200 μL/L of Lav and Ros EOs increased the respiration rate of cucumbers after 10 days of storage at 11 °C, while 100 μL/L of the EOs mixture and Eucalyptol (100 and 200 μL/L) had no effect on respiration, on the same day. The application of Eucalyptol (100 and 200 μL/L) resulted in less acceptable fruits (less pleasant aroma and unpleasant taste). A decrease in fruit firmness was found in cucumbers exposed to Lav 200 μL/L and Ros 100 μL/L. Interestingly, Eucalyptol was found to accelerate the fruit ripening index after five days of storage, and to decrease organoleptic properties of the fruit (i.e., aroma, taste) on the fifth day of storage. The fruit revealed increased oxidative stress (i.e., increased lipid peroxidation), especially at a high concentration (200 μL/L) of Eucalyptol after 10 days. This has resulted in the activation of other non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms such as the increase in fruit ascorbic acid content. Notably, no effects on fruit weight loss, total soluble solids and color were observed with the examined treatments. Overall, this study suggests that the investigated products (EOs and their main compound) have a putative role in postharvest storage for the preservation of cucumbers. However, further investigation is needed for the determination of the optimum application conditions (i.e., concentration, time and method of application) on cucumbers and other fresh produce.

Effect of coating eggs with black seed oil containing rosemary essential oil on its quality characteristics during the storage

Effect of coating eggs with black seed oil containing rosemary essential oil on its quality characteristics during the storage

Preparation of edible coating from Cassava Starch and Rosemary essential oil and its effect on shelf life and quality of Muffin

Preparation of edible coating from Cassava Starch and Rosemary essential oil and its effect on shelf life and quality of Muffin

In-vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Tasmania

ABSTRACT Thirteen commercial Tasmanian essential oils were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against 14 human pathogens and cosmetic contaminants including Enterococcus hirae, Kocuria rhizophila, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pluralibacter gergoviae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas putida, Aspergillus brasiliensis, and Aspergillus fumigatus. The antimicrobial activities of various essential oils were evaluated using the AlamarBlue Cell Viability Assay, covering a testing concentration range from 3.125 to 800 µg/mL. Essential oils were deemed active if their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was less than or equal to 800 µg/mL. The essential oils of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis ct. α-pinene), Parsley Herb (Petroselinum crispum), and Bitter Fennels (Foeniculum vulgare) demonstrated significant growth inhibitory effects on one microorganism (P. fluorescens) within an MIC value of ≤ 800 µg/mL. Big Badja Gum (Eucalyptus badjensis), Blue Gum (Eucalyptus globulus), Peppermint (Mentha piperita), and Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oils inhibited the growth of two different microorganisms. Southern Rosalina (Melaleuca ericifolia), Parsley Seed (Petroselinum crispum), Smoky Tea Tree (Leptospermum glaucescens), and Kunzea (Kunzea ambigua) essential oils exhibited an MIC value of less than or equal to 800 µg/mL against 4, 5, 6, and 8 microorganisms respectively. Notably, Coastal Tea Tree (Leptospermum laevigatum) essential oil displayed the most profound antimicrobial activity, inhibiting 11 out of 15 microbial strains within an MIC range of 50–800 µg/mL. The results of the gas chromatography analysis showed that the coastal tea tree essential oil was composed primarily of monoterpenes, with smaller amounts of sesquiterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives. 35 Compounds were identified, representing 95.50% of the compounds in the coastal tea tree essential oil. The main constituents of this essential oil were α-pinene (34.83%), followed by α- and β-eudesmols (10.21% total), and limonene (9.56%).