Rose Bengal Dye Research Articles

TD-DFT calculation, equilibrium and kinetic adsorption study of removal of rose bengal dye by poly vinyl alcohol as a synthetic polymer adsorbent hybrid blend

Spectrophotometric study of the efficacy of the synthetic polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol in the removal of the dye Rose Bengal (RO) was examined. Different contact times, starting dye concentrations, adsorbent doses, dye solution temperatures, and pH values were tested. Density functional theory (DFT) with functional B3LYP and Hartree-Fock (HF) were used to investigate the optimal geometries, vibrational wavenumbers, vibrational band intensities, and atomic charges of 9VC. The researchers contrasted theoretical predictions for the basic vibrational modes with actual measurements. Using the functional B3LYP of DFT, we analyzed the hybrid organic dye (PVA+RO)HB such as the shape of geometry, electronic configuration, the capacity of polarizability, and second-order hyperpolarizability. The time-dependent density functional theory (TD- DFT), linked to a variety of hybrid functionals, was used in order to conduct research on the electronic absorption spectrum. Good agreement was found between the correlation coefficient values obtained from the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, which were used to characterize the adsorption equilibrium. Pseudo-first-order kinetics was the best fit for the data on RO adsorption onto PVA. The values of enthalpy change and free energy change are negative and these confirm that our study concluded the exothermic and adsorption mechanism was spontaneous, respectively. The adsorption capacity was found to increase with increasing temperature. So, the kinetic parameters were evaluated from the temperature dependence of the adsorption capacity using the method of least squares.

1D + 3D → 3D zinc polyrotaxane MOF: Selective fluorescent detection of nitrobenzene, uric acid and sucrose and photocatalytic degradation of Rose Bengal and Congo Red dyes

A new Zn based polyrotaxane 3D metal-organic framework (MOF), {[Zn3(BTC)2(Bimb)3.5][Zn(HCOO)(Bimb)1.5]·CH3COO·2(CH3)2NH·2DMF·9H2O}n (KA@MOF-S2)(Bimb = 1,4-bis[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]benzene, BTC3‒ = 1,3,5-benzenzetricarboxylate) has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that KA@MOF-S2 exhibits a novel 1D + 3D → 3D interpenetratedPolyrotaxane MOF architecture. KA@MOF-S2 possesses a new 3,3,3-c net 3-nodal interpenetrated network with (122.14)(8.122)(83)2 topology. KA@MOF-S2 can be used as a selective fluorescence sensing material for the quantitative detection of VOCs (Acetone, NB), antibiotic (NFT) and biomolecules (UA, sucrose) and photocatalytic degradation of Rose Bengal (RB) and Congo Red (CR) dye under sun-light irradiation.

Gd doped Cerium Oxide for organic dye degradation and tuning of magnetic properties

Rare-earthdoped cerium oxidenanostructures have garnered significant attention among researchers due to their exceptional optical, magnetic and catalytic properties. In this work,Gd-doped CeO2nanoparticles have been developed by a cost-effective and facile chemical synthesis followed bycalcination process.Raman and XRD analysis confirm thatsingle crystalline phase with a cubic fluorite unit cell is formed. XPS reveals the existence of mixed valence states(Ce3+and Ce4+). These mixed valence states contribute toformation of new networks, such as Ce3+-O-Ce4+, Gd3+-O-Ce4+, and Ce3+-O-Ce3+.The absorption spectra of Gd3+doped CeO2nanoparticles shifted redrelated to pure CeO2nanoparticles. It has been found that8 %Gdshowed highestmagnetic characteristics while6 %Gdshows highest photocatalytic activity towardsdegradation of rose bengal dye under UV light that may be attributed to the increase in interplanar distance, fast electron transfer, better electron–hole pair separation, and large surface area.

Acute response of astrocytes under rose bengal photoinduction‐mediated vascular injury

AbstractBackgroundCerebrovascular pathology, often found in autopsy confirmed Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is widely believed to exacerbate AD pathophysiology and complicate anti‐AD treatment strategies. Perivascular cells such as astrocytes maintain the microenvironment for proper brain cell function and vascular integrity. Early occurrence of cerebral small vessel disease and astrocyte reactivity could lower the threshold of neuronal disorders and AD. Studies of astrocyte and microvascular pathology and function in the brain have been limited and reaction of astrocytes to vascular damage has yet to be fully understood.MethodAAV‐Gfa‐EGFP or AAV‐Gfa‐GCaMP6 was injected into the barrel cortex of wild type mice followed by glass window installation. After 3 weeks recovery, rhodamine dextran was IV‐injected and intravital brain imaging through two‐photon microscopy was performed at pre‐ and post‐photoinduction. Photoactivation of IV‐injected Rose Bengal dye (RB) technique was used to create vascular pathology. ImageJ was used for data analysis and GraphPad prism was used for statistical analysis.ResultAfter photoinduction, green fluorescence intensity was increased in blood stream of both EGFP and GCaMP expressing brains. This result indicates a leakage of brain parenchyma component to blood stream. Astrocytic EGFP fluorescence intensity and astrocyte processes complexity were reduced after photoinduction in a time‐dependent manner. Interestingly, astrocyte calcium signaling was strikingly increased after photoinduction and returned back to the baseline at ∼1,000s post‐induction. The highest peak of astrocyte calcium signaling was located near a site of vascular damage, indicated by an increased in rhodamine fluorescence intensity in the brain parenchyma area. Astrocytic GCaMP intensity at the astrocyte endfeet surrounding small vasculature was increased, on the other hand, GCaMP intensity at the astrocyte processes are decreased in a time‐dependent manner. Consistently, we observed a reduction of vascular diameter after photoinduction in both EGFP and GCaMP expressing brains.ConclusionAcute vascular injury induced by rose bengal photoinduction altered astrocyte integrity and cellular signaling. This injury model resembles vascular constriction and hemorrhages found in human brain that could accelerate neurodegeneration and AD progression.

Europium-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles: investigating oxygen vacancies and their role in enhanced photocatalytic and magnetic properties.

In this study, pure and europium-doped (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were employed for efficient dye removal through photocatalytic approach. XRD and TEM confirmed the formation of pure CeO2 nanoparticles, while XPS and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the electronic properties and lattice defects, such as oxygen vacancies. The presence of lattice defects, which increased with the concentration of Eu, was found to be responsible for the enhanced degradation of Rose Bengal dye (82.4% for 8% Eu-doped sample) in 75min. FTIR confirmed the chemical composition of the synthesized sample. The band at 617cm-1, corresponding to the symmetrical stretching vibration mode of (Ce-O-Ce) or (Ce-O-Eu). The magnetic properties of synthesized samples were examined using VSM, revealing an increase from 4.48 to 11.0emu/g in magnetization. This enhancement was attributed to F-center exchange mechanism (FCE), resulting from the presence of oxygen vacancies. These findings contribute to the development of advanced materials for sustainable wastewater treatment and spintronics.

Development of p-n Heterostructures Using Phosphorene and SnO2: Its Efficacy toward the Adsorption Study of CO2 and Rose Bengal Dye.

Adsorption-mediated methods for environmental pollution control are suitable as they are cost-effective and easy to use. Porous materials can play an important role in adsorption studies. Herein, we synthesized a p-n heterostructure of phosphorene and metal oxide using a simple hydrothermal approach. The synthesized material is porous in nature, with a surface area of 127.44 m2/g and pore volume of about 1.73 nm with appreciable thermal stability. As the material is microporous, we used it for the adsorption of CO2 gas and dye. For CO2 adsorption, we determined the CO2 gas uptake according to the mass balance principle of the ideal gas equation, and it was found to be about 21.478 mol/kg. We have also studied different isotherm models to check the adsorption phenomena. Moreover, for dye adsorption, we have chosen the xanthene-derived rose bengal (RB) dye, which shows a removal percentage of about 92.02%. In the case of dye adsorption, the material shows good reusability and significant adsorption up to five cycles.

MoS2 Nanosheets@Metal organic framework nanocomposite for enhanced visible light degradation and reduction of hazardous organic contaminants

Present research focuses on the environmental cleanup of hazardous organic pollutants that are discharged into the natural aquatic bodies which upshots an undesirable shift in the ecological balance. Recently, aromatic nitro compounds and hazardous organic dyes have been recognized as a threat to fauna, flora and human life forms. Therefore, effective and selective eradication of these hazardous pollutants from wastewater systems is a pressing global issue for the academic community. This study aims to design a MoS2 Nanosheets (NS)@Cu-MOF (MS−HK) catalyst via a convenient hydrothermal approach for the elimination of organic and aromatic nitro contaminants from wastewater effluent. Under visible light irradiation, this photocatalyst presented 96.4% removal efficiency for Rose Bengal (RB) dye within a short duration of 30 min, with a first order degradation rate constant of 0.12223 min−1and a catalyst loading of 240 mg/L. Again, the rate constant of the room temperature reduction of 2,4,6−trinitrophenol (TNP) using NaBH4 as a reducing agent, in presence of the prepared nanocatalyst was calculated to be 2.7 × 10−3 s−1. This excellent degradation efficiency could be due to the loading of HKUST-1 with a narrow band gap semiconductor MoS2 leading to enhanced visible light absorption, effective separation and transport of photoinduced h+−e− pairs that limit their recombination. The plausible photodegradation mechanism was supported by photoluminescence and radical trapping experiments. In addition, the impact of various inorganic ions, water matrices, environmental conditions, different dye molecules and mixed dye system was explored on the RB degradation of the synthesized catalyst. Meanwhile, the as-prepared MS−HK nanocomposite displayed significant stability during the photocatalytic experiments, as evident from XRD results, until four successive cycles maintaining an outstanding degradation efficiency of >89%.

Bi-functionality of Coral reef-like nano-range composites fabricated as g-C3N4/ppy/PSS for efficacious electrochemical super-capacitive energy accumulation and dye depletion

This study presents a series of Coral reef-shaped composites' recipe prepared after synthesizing g-C3N4 (G), in-situ polymerized pyrrole as polypyrrole (P) and Poly (styrene sulfonate or PSS or simply S taken in varied amounts), collectively denoted as GPS, that were further explored towards super-capacitive energy accumulation behaviour and a dye's photocatalytic gradation. After getting relevant and justifying advance characterization of the synthesized composites, super-capacitive applications of the composites were studied using the three techniques based on electrochemistry. Galvanostatic Charge Discharge validated the results as this composite (0.3 GPS) exhibited a noticeable energy density of 82.86 Wh/kg along with high power density as 224.3 W/kg at 1 A/g and specific capacitance as 1223.53 F/g at 10 mV/s using cyclic voltammetry. Excellent cyclic retention of 92.31% was observed for 0.3 GPS product over 6000 cycles. A pair of gadgets also lit for two minutes when charged for three minutes at 1.1 V using asymmetric device fabricated of 0.3 GPS.Photocatalytic activity of these composites was studied against Rose Bengal dye, with an appreciable degradation efficiency of 0.3 GPS as 89.85% and also with the efficiency 74.23% after six degradation rounds. Thus, the composite evidences about its dual properties with both the functionalities working successfully.

Advances in analysis of microplastics in drinking water treatment plants. Fluorescence techniques using iDye Pink

Recently, the increasing amount of plastic waste has raised concerns about microplastics in aquatic environments. In this study, microplastics between 0.1 and 5 mm in samples from different points of three Drinking Water Treatment Plants (DWTP) were separated, quantified, and identified. Staining methods were used in combination with microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. On the one hand, the Rose Bengal dye was used to discriminate between natural and synthetic particles. On the other hand, Nile Red and iDye Pink reagents have been evaluated for staining microplastics, providing them with fluorescence. The nature of the particles is determined by comparison with a series of patterns by means of an epifluorescence microscope. In addition, "Micro Fourier Transform Spectrophotometer " and "Raman Spectroscopy" were used to identify the nature of the particles more accurately. Concerning the results, polyester was the most common material by fluorescence identification, and it was confirmed with Raman spectroscopy. Since most of the particles observed were microfibres, Raman proved to be a better identification technique than μ-FTIR, which could only identify large fragments. In addition, the global elimination of microplastics (MPs) resulted notable in the three DWTPs, being 81.47% for A, 88.98% for B, and 82.27% for C, thus guaranteeing a higher quality of drinking water.

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of Rose Bengal and Methylene Blue using low-cost sawdust derived SnO2 QDs@g-C3N4/biochar nanocomposite.

Conversion of carbon-rich waste biomass into valuable products is an environmentally sustainable method. This study accentuates the synthesis of novel SnO2 QDs@g-C3N4/biochar using low-cost sawdust by applying the pyrolysis method. Morphology, structure, and composition of the synthesized SnO2 QDs@g-C3N4/biochar nanocomposite were characterized using SEM (scanning electron microscope), TEM (transmission electron microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), FT-IR (infrared spectroscopy) and PL (photoluminescence) spectroscopy. The average diameter of the SnO2 QDs was measured from TEM and found to be 6.79nm. Optical properties of the as-synthesized SnO2 QDs@g-C3N4/biochar were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy. The direct band gap of synthesized SnO2 QDs@g-C3N4/biochar nanocomposite was calculated from Tauc's plot and found to be 2.0eV. The fabricated SnO2 QDs@g-C3N4/biochar photocatalyst exhibited outstanding photocatalytic degradation efficiency for the removal of Rose Bengal (RB) and Methylene Blue (MB) dye through the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP). The synthesized photocatalyst showed a degradation efficiency of 95.67% for the removal of RB under optimum conditions of 0.3mL H2O2, photocatalyst dosage of only 0.06 gL-1, and 15ppm initial RB concentration within 80min, and 94.5% for the removal of MB dye with 0.5mL of H2O2, 0.08 gL-1 of the fabricated photocatalyst and 6ppm of initial MB concentration within 120min. The photodegradation pathway followed the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics with a rate constant of 0.00268min-1 and 0.00163min-1 for RB and MB respectively. The photocatalyst can be reused up to the 4th cycle with 80% efficiency.

Facile green synthesis of Cu-doped MoO3 nanoparticles and its application for the photocatalytic degradation of hazardous organic pollutants

The use of plant leaf powder to produce nanoparticles (NPs) is currently gaining popularity in the field of nanotechnology and has several advantages over traditional physicochemical techniques. This research study is concentrated on the synthesis, characterization, and Cu doped MoO3 NPs as an effective photocatalyst for Rose Bengal (RB) dye degradation. The Cu-MoO3 NPs were synthesized using a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution combustion method using Genus Santalum leaves powder as green fuel. Several techniques have been used to extensively characterize the structural, morphological and optical properties of NPs. such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV-Vis and PL spectroscopy. NPs that have been prepared emit a cyan light. Latent fingerprint analysis revealed extremely distinct patterns in the near UV area (365 nm), which is a popular approach in forensic investigation. The photocatalytic efficiency of the Cu-MoO3 NPs was evaluated through the degradation of RB dye under UV light irradiation. The results demonstrated the excellent photocatalytic activity of Cu-MoO3 NPs towards RB dye.

Adsorption of Rose Bengal dye from waste water onto modified biomass

Herein, adsorption of Rose Bengal dye (RB) from aqueous solution was investigated. Nano raw orange peel (OP) activated carbon (AC) coated with nano chitosan (Cs) to obtain nano chitosan/activated carbon (AC/Cs) composite which cross-linked with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) to create a novel composite (AC/Cs/MWCNTs) with high surface area (1923 m2/g). The examined parameters such as concentration (1–7 ppm), pH (6.5–9.5) and temperature (295–323 K) were traversed. The maximum removal efficiency was at pH 6.5, increased from 70.4% for nano OP to 94.7% for AC/Cs/MWCNTs nano composite. Langmuir isotherm model was the best fitting to acquired data (R2 ≥ 0.99). Also, the adsorption of RB matched with pseudo-second order model, t0.5 results for pseudo-second order was 4.4672 for nano OP and 1.2813 for AC/Cs/MWCNTs at 303 K. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of RB dye is exothermic and spontaneous due to the negative value of ΔG and ΔH.

Dye-sensitized solar cell employing chitosan-based biopolymer electrolyte

Conductivity and transport properties of a cost-effective and environment friendly chitosan based solid biopolymer electrolytes which form mechanically robust thick film, have been reported here. A maximum ionic conductivity of ∼ 10-4 S/cm has been achieved by optimizing the concentrations of the salt (LiClO4) and the plasticizer (EC) in the biopolymer electrolyte. Ion transport properties of the biopolymer electrolytes are studied from Raman spectroscopy. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), with a sandwich structure, is fabricated with chemically synthesized ZnO (∼ 60 nm) as the nanoporous semiconductor material coated with Rose Bengal dye as a photosensitizer, the chitosan biopolymer as electrolyte and platinum as counter electrode. Linear Sweep Voltammetry analysis of the DSSCs illustrates the photovoltaic performance of these cells. Without any external addition of redox couple in the biopolymer electrolytic system, a maximum short-circuit current density of JSC = 0.556 mA/cm2 and open-circuit voltage Voc = 0.605 V with power conversion efficiency 0.051 % is achieved by the DSSC.

Synthesis of hydrogen bonded copper(II) coordination polymer: Photocatalytic degradation of Rose Bengal dye and luminescent sensing of Hg+2, Cr2O72−, and nitrofurantoin

A new helical coordination polymer, [Cu(Or)(H2O)3]n (KA@CP-ARS) has been synthesized at room temperature and examined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) and other analytical techniques. KA@CP-ARS formed 1D helical type structure via coordination bonding as well as a 3D supramolecular network through hydrogen bonding interactions. KA@CP-ARS manifested as a remarkable luminescent sensor for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 3-Nitrophenol, Cr2O72−, Hg2+, creatinine, nitrofurantoin and sucrose (200 mg/dl) in particular along with the remarkable photocatalytic degradation of Rose Bengal (RB) dye with 96.54% efficiency. Overall this study demonstrates that the synthesized Cu-orotate coordination polymer has good luminescent sensing and catalytic degradation activity, therefore could be employed for a range of applications such as sensing of biomolecules like sucrose and photocatalysis of toxic dyes.

Sulfonium-cation-containing aggregation-induced emission block copolymers: self-assembly, multicolor emission, and detection for DNA polyplexes

Amphiphilic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) polymers have emerged as highly attractive materials that exhibit the synergistic effect of functional polymeric self-assemblies with AIE luminogens. In this study, we design and synthesize block copolymers containing sulfonium cations and a hydrophobic tetraphenylethene (TPE) unit. These copolymers exhibit distinct self-assembly behaviors with AIE, polyplex formation with DNA, and tunable color emissions. Amphiphilic block copolymer PMTEAMe+Cl--b-PATPE, consisting of 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl acrylate (ATPE) and cationized 2-(methylthio)ethyl acrylate (MTEAMe+Cl-), was synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, followed by cationization. Self-assembled structures containing TPE-aggregated cores and cationic PMTEAMe+Cl- shells and their emission behaviors were investigated. By introducing charged fluorescent dyes (Rose Bengal and Rhodamine B) into aqueous solutions of amphiphilic PMTEAMe+Cl--b-PATPE, we observed a shift in the emission color from blue to orange/red, which was attributed to the electrostatic interactions and fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the dyes and the copolymers. The emission color and intensity were also governed by polyplex formation between the negatively charged DNA and the positively charged sulfonium segments in the shell, depending on the charged states of the dyes. This system provides a method for efficient visual detection of DNA polyplex formation using multicolor fluorescent coding.

Photocatalytic Degradation of RB dye via Cerium substituted SnO2 Photocatalysts

Scientists and citizens are highly worried about the dangers posed by ubiquitous presence of organic pollutants in water bodies as a result of industrial wastes, particularly phenolic compounds, organic dyes, and antibiotics. In the present study, a series of Ce-doped SnO2 (Ce = 0%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 3%, 5%) samples were synthesized by cost-effective sol–gel approach. XRD study confirms that synthesized samples have single phase crystalline nature. Using XRD, crystallite size have been calculated and found to be in the range 12.24–10.69 nm. Particle size obtained from HRTEM lying in the range 13.45–10.42 nm which was in well agreement with XRD. Raman, PL and XPS spectroscopy were used to identify defects/oxygen vacancies in the lattice. Magnetic investigations indicate that maximum magnetization was 24.44 × 10−3 emu/g for Ce 5%. UV-DRS further showed that band gap was reduced up to 5% Ce (Eg = 3.01 eV) in comparison to pure SnO2 (Eg = 3.71 eV) due to the formation of vacancy defects. In comparison to pure SnO2, Ce-doped SnO2 [Ce 5%] was found to have a maximum photodegradation efficiency of 96% in 60 min under UV irradiation for rose bengal dye. Henceforth, it can be concluded that SnO2 is a remarkable multifunctional material having uses in spintronic devices and as a catalyst for the degradation of organic dyes because of the improvement in ferromagnetic character and enhancement in catalytic behavior upon incorporation of rare-earth ions.

Thione tautomer of hydrazone-carbodithioate chelator-derived Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes as potential antibacterial agents: DFT computations and UV-assisted photocatalytic degradation of Rose Bengal dye

A new hydrazone-carbodithioate ligand 3 and its Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were chemically synthesized. The structural profile was well-defined through various analytical techniques encompassing FT-IR, EI-MS, NMR, elemental analysis, EDX, and XRD. Their morphological microstructure was examined by SEM analysis. Also, their thermal stability and optical energy bandgap were studied through TGA and UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy, respectively. XRD patterns proved the crystallinity nature of the ligand and the amorphous behavior of its complexes. The Cu(II) chelate manifested an effective photocatalytic decolorization against RB dye under UV light with degradation efficiency (DE) approaching 96.9 % after 150 min. Whilst, the Zn(II) counterpart exhibited DE of about 86.8 % under the same conditions. TGA proved the absence of either water or solvent molecules in the complexes and authenticated the highest thermal stability of the Cu(II) complex. Furthermore, its kinetic constant (0.00972 min−1) compared to the zinc one (0.00689 min−1), confirmed its outstanding performance in the degradation process. Optical measurement as well supported this trend by the lowest energy bandgap of copper chelate (2.2 eV). Consequently, this Cu(II) complex could serve as an effective photocatalyst to remove RB dye and other pollutants. Theoretically, DFT computations approved the complexation reaction and emphasized the octahedral geometry of our coordinated compounds. The results of the antibacterial activity of the ligand and both Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were insignificant against P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and K. pneumoniae (ATCC27736), as representatives of Gram-negative bacteria. However, Cu(II) complex was the most effective with MIC of 64 µg/mL and MBC of 64 µg/mL compared with MIC and MBC of 128 µg/mL and 256 µg/mL, respectively for Zn(II) complex against S. aureus (ATCC 33592) as representative of Gram-positive bacteria. Meanwhile, the ligand scored MIC and MBC of 256 µg/mL and > 256 µg/mL, respectively, and ofloxacin scored MIC and MBC of 0.5 µg/mL and 1 µg/mL, respectively against S. aureus (ATCC 33592).

Morphology mediated photocatalysis and room temperature ferromagnetism in cerium oxide

Present work is focused on fine-tuning of magnetic and photocatalytic properties of three samples of cerium oxide nano/micro-sized particles synthesized via different chemical routes. X-ray diffraction measurement infers the growth of single phase cubic fluorite structure of pure CeO2 with a space group of Fm3‾m. The route of synthesis significantly altered the morphology and particle size as evident from high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectra and XPS confirmed the existence of oxygen vacancies defects in CeO2 matrix. In this article, investigations of magnetic properties and photocatalytic activity of rose Bengal dye in the presence of UV light have been carried out. For SG, CO, and HB samples, room temperature ferromagnetism was observed with small magnetizations of 2.21, 16.8, and 3.58 emu/g × 10−4 respectively. The photocatalytic efficiency of CO sample was 76.3% for degradation of rose Bengal dye on UV illumination for 140 min. Thus, morphology dependent enhanced ferromagnetic and superior photocatalytic behavior of CeO2 make it a multifunctional material for its use as a photocatalyst for organic dye decomposition and in spintronics devices.

Investigation on structural, particle size of nano particles for visible light photocatalytic dye degradation

The sol–gel approach is used to prepare the undoped TiO2 and Zr/P doped nano photo catalysis. The XRD pattern reveals that the lattice parameters of all the samples are almost comparable, indicating that no structural changes have occurred. E-Dax spectrums of photo catalysis confirm that the Weight% and Atomic% of every element in each nanoparticle exactly match the desired Weight% of every element in the preparation of nanoparticles. TEM exhibits the average particle size of the 0.25Zr1PT is 8.023 nm and this size of various particles in 0.25Zr1PT is in accordance with the Gaussian distribution described. The absorbance of undoped TiO2 with Rose Bengal dye is very high hence most of the light is absorbed in undoed TiO2. The absorbance of 0.25Zr1PT photo catalysis falls more due to smaller particle size among the various weight percentages of Zr and P doped in TiO2 nanoparticles. Among all photo catalysis, 0.25Zr1PT has a higher percentage of photo degradation of Rose Bengal. The percentage of degradation is higher at 50 mgL−1 than at other catalyst dosages. Kinetic studies that suit pseudo first order reactions provided the rate constant for all doped TiO2 nanoparticles.

Neuroprotective effects of pravastatin in cerebral venous infarction in a rat model.

Pravastatin sodium is reported to have multiple beneficial effects in cerebral atherosclerosis and neuronal injury; however, the preventive effects on cerebral venous ischemia are still unknown. Herein, we aimed to examine the neuroprotective effects of transoral prior administration of pravastatin sodium against cerebral cortical venous ischemia with suppression of apoptosis. Thirty 8-week-old male Wistar rats were divided equally into two study groups (n=15 vs. n=15); the pravastatin group was fed 1% pravastatin sodium with their usual diet for 2 weeks, while the control group only received the usual diet. Two-vein occlusion (2VO) model was applied for this study, and two adjacent cortical veins in each animal were permanently occluded photochemically with rose bengal dye. During photo-thrombosis, regional changes of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in area of the venous ischemia were recorded. At 48-h after 2VO, animals were euthanized using perfusion fixation, and we histologically measured ratios of infarcted area to contralateral hemisphere, and counted Bax- and Bcl-2-positive cells in the penumbra to investigate the implications for apoptosis. The ratio of infarcted area was significantly decreased in the pravastatin group compared to the control group (P<0.01). The number of Bax-positive cells also decreased significantly in the pravastatin group (P<0.01). In contrast, immunolabeling for Bcl-2 was essentially negative in all areas in both groups. There were also no significant differences in regional CBF changes after 2VO between the two groups (P=0.13). Pre-emptive administration of pravastatin sodium mixed in the food has neuroprotective effects against cerebral cortical venous ischemia with suppression of apoptosis associated with inhibition of Bax expression but has little influence on regional CBF.