Rosaceae Juss Research Articles

Distribution of useful species of family Rosaceae Juss in the flora of Zhetysu Alatau

In the article the results of an analysis of the species composition of wild plants of the Rosaceae Juss familywere presented. As a result of floristic analysis, it was established that in the northwestern part of the ZhetysuAlatau there are 91 species belonging to the Rosaceae family, belonging to 24 genera. The leading genera inthis area are: Potentilla — 24, Cotoneaster — 9, Rosa -9, Alchimilla -7, Crataegus — 5, etc. According toecological and morphological classifications, all useful species were ranked into 4 groups (trees, shrubs, subshrubs,herbaceous perennials). Spectra of useful properties were shown (use in scientific medicine and infolk medicine, such as vitamins, decorative, food, etc.). 12 groups of medicinal types were ranked accordingto pharmacotherapeutic activity.

Concerning structure-functional features of the leaf apparatus of some stone crops varieties belonging to <i>Prunus</i> (Rosaceae Juss.) genus

For the Rosaceae family (Rosaceae Juss.), which is part of the group of families with the highest species abundance, one of the largest genera is the Prunus genus, which, according to the Catalog of Life, includes 395 species, 16 subspecies, 55 variations. Various sources for this genus indicate from 250 to 400 species of trees and shrubs widely distributed in the northern temperate zone, subtropical and tropical regions, from forests to deserts, in altitude ranges from sea level to alpine zones. In the Samara Oblast, among 67 species of woody Rosaceae, there are 30 native and 36 introduced species (adventitious and wild). The genus is most widespread in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, is widely represented in North America, Europe and Northern Asia, and includes a number of cultivated species of global economic importance. The active involvement of interspecific hybridization between representatives of the Prunus genus is considered by experts as a determining factor in the evolutionary development of its species diversity, which manifested itself in the appearance of a number of hybridogenic species that were able to overcome successfully the effects of abiotic stressors in the process of expanding ranges, the formation of cultigenic species of stone crops and their varietal diversity. In recent decades, the characteristics of leaves have gained special place in the research programs of plant ecologists as significant indicators of various aspects of growth, reproduction and functions of the plant organism, water use, nutrients, adaptation to environmental changes, including projected climatic changes. Leaf indicators are the most accessible for study throughout almost the entire growing season, they can be evaluated quickly enough, without involving expensive equipment, the screening procedure for leaf apparatus indicators is well standardized. The combined efforts of researchers led to the creation of large and complete databases of leaf apparatus features for various plant species. For the leaves of 15 varieties of stone crops (cherry Olechka, Chernookaya, Kalinka, Nyusha, Pervinka; apricot Samara, Yantar Povolzhya; Russian plum Dolgozhdannaya, Konservnaya, Velikansha, Naryadnaya, Kompotnaya, Lunnaya; domestic plum Dachnaya, Doch Eurasii) quantitative indicators determined for samples selected in July 2020, 2021 and 2022 are analyzed. In order to visualize the possible features of the leaf apparatus in groups of varieties of various fruit crops, the construction of dot diagrams with a limited area of location for each group of points was used. This technique made it possible to identify both the presence of separate groups of points corresponding to one indicator of the leaves of individual stone fruits, and the overlap of the corresponding ranges of other indicators of values. Probably, this picture is a reflection of a certain ecological and physiological heterogeneity in groups of stone fruit varieties, which are cultigenic hybrids of complex origin.

CONTENT OF CATECHINS IN LEAVES AND ROOTS OF COMARUM SALESOVIANUM AND COMARUM PALUSTRE (ROSACEAE)

The search for additional sources of catechins among the local flora is relevant today. The method for determining the content of catechins by the spectrophotometric method in the leaves of the subshrub Zalesov's cinquefoil (Comarum salesovianum (Steph.) Asch. et Graebn.) from the Rosaceae Juss. family was validated. The content of catechins in terms of (±)-catechin in the leaves and rhizomes of two species of the genus Comarum ‒ C. salesovianum and C. palustre L. (marsh cinquefoil) was studied. The highest content of catechins was found in the roots of C. palustre (4%) and leaves of C. salesovianum (2.58%). A method for determining the composition and content of individual catechins in the leaves and roots of two representatives of the genus Comarum by high-performance liquid chromatography has been proposed. Three catechins [(±)-catechin, epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epicatechin] were found in leaves and roots. (±)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin are predominant in the leaves and roots of C. palustre and C. salesovianum. The content of epigallocatechin gallate does not exceed 0.1 mg/g. The concentration of (±)-catechin is highest in the roots (1.21 mg/g) of C. palustre, and (-)-epicatechin is highest in the leaves (1.35 mg/g) of C. salesovianum.

Фитонцидные свойства представителей семейства розоцветных (Rosaceae Juss.) и их устойчивость к патогенной микобиоте

Comparative results of the integrated experimental evaluation of seasonal antifungal activity of volatile emissions from the leaves of woody plants (39 species and cultivars) related to the Rosaceae family and natural observations of their stability against pathogenic mycobiota, most frequently causing diseases in plants involved into introduction experiment and used for urban gardening in Siberia are described. The phytoncide effect of volatile exometabolites of intact leaves was studied by exposing pathogen cultures in Petri dishes to the action of plant emissions. The stability of plants to phytopathogenic diseases, evaluated relying on the literature data, was compared with the extent of fungicide action on Candida albicans as the test object. A scale of phytoncide activity was developed for some representatives of Rosaceae family. This scale is of interest for landscape architecture and landscape development, as well as for arranging comfortable environment over the territories intended for recreation and revitalization. Keywords: ROSACEAE, ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY, VOLATILE COMPOUNDS, SEASONAL DYNAMICS, INTENSE GROWTH, GROWTH TERMINATION, LEAF COLORATION AND FALL

Variability in the Qualitative and Quantitative Composition of Phenolic Compounds and the In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) Leaves.

Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is a deciduous tree belonging to the Rosaceae Juss. family. Cherry leaves are an underutilized source of biologically active compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of the phenolic compounds, as well as the total antioxidant activity, in leaf samples of P. cerasus cultivars and to elucidate the cultivars with particular phytochemical compositions. The phytochemical profiles of P. cerasus leaves vary significantly in a cultivar-dependent manner. The total content of identified phenolic compounds varied from 8.254 to 16.199 mg/g in the cherry leaves. Chlorogenic acid ranged between 1413.3 µg/g ('North Star') and 8028.0 µg/g ('Note'). The total content of flavonols varied from 4172.5 µg/g ('Vytenu zvaigzde') to 9030.7 µg/g ('Tikhonovskaya'). The total content of identified proanthocyanidins varied from 122.3 µg/g ('Note') to 684.8 µg/g ('Kelleris'). The highest levels of phloridzin (38.1 ± 0.9 µg/g) were found in samples of 'Molodezhnaya', while the lowest level of this compound was determined in the leaf samples of 'Turgenevka' (6.7 ± 0.2). The strongest antiradical (138.0 ± 4.0 µmol TE/g, p < 0.05) and reducing (364.9 ± 10.5 µmol TE/g, p < 0.05) activity in vitro was exhibited by the cultivar 'Vytenu zvaigzde' cherry leaf sample extracts. 'Kelleris', 'Note', and 'Tikhonovskaya' distinguish themselves with peculiar phytochemical compositions.

Effects of fertilizer application on the growth of Stranvaesia davidiana D. seedlings.

Wild plants represent a potential source of urban landscape trees. Stranvaesia davidiana Dcne. is a member of the Stranvaesia Lindl. Genus, which belongs to family Rosaceae Juss. It has great ornamental value. It can contribute to urban color foliage and fruit species. However, the most effective fertilizer application strategy required for its cultivation is unknown. Therefore, we conducted an orthogonal experiment to investigate the fertilizer type and level (pure nitrogen) using ten experimental groups, including an untreated control group. Pot experiments were used to determine the growth indices of seedlings, including plant height, basal diameter, and chlorophyll content post-fertilizer treatment. This study explored the most appropriate fertiler application model for the growth of S. davidiana seedlings. The results revealed that enhanced seedling growth depended on the type and amount of fertilizer used, and their interaction. Fertilizer application increased the plant height by 2.67 cm to 12.26 cm, basal diameter by 0.39 cm to 0.75 cm, and chlorophyll content by 5.66 to 19.86. Among the different types of fertilizer, organic fertilizer increased the plant height by 0.42 cm to 9.59 cm and basal diameter by 0.01 cm to 0.05 cm, compared with the control group. Organic fertilizer had the maximum effect on seedling growth, especially at medium levels. The total growth of basal diameter and chlorophyll content was 1.58 ± 0.04 cm and 39.53 ± 2.37, respectively. Basal diameter is the most critical index in seedling reproduction . The study results suggest that the application of 4.06 g of organic fertilizer per plant was the most effective, and served as a basis for further field trials.

Comparative study of pollen morphology and fertility in Pyrus L. species under in situ and ex situ conditions in Greater Caucasus, Azerbaijan

A number of negative changes are observed in the pollen of the vast majority of plants distributed in polluted areas: morphological immaturity or the observation of sterile pollen grains during pollination, a quantitative decrease in the total productivity of pollen, and a decrease in the germination capacity of the pollen tube.For this reason, pollen analysis is considered one of the most reliable and effective methods in environmental quality assessment as the main component of phytoindication. Light microscopy (LM) has been used to study the morphology and fertility characteristics of pollen grains in five species of Rosaceae Juss. (Pyrus L.) in detail. The study used pollen that was collected in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In this research were used Harley methods. The main purpose of the work was the comparative study of the quality and morphological characteristics of the pollen of Pyrus L. species in natural and cultural conditions.It were determined that underex situ conditions, it was found that the pollen productivity coefficient was the highest in Pyrus vsevolodii (86%), and the lowest in Pyrus georgica (72%), but under in situ conditions, the highest P.vsevolodii (89%) and the lowest P.georgica (72%) species were found in pollen.

Assessment of the decorativeness of wood species of the family Rosaceae juss. Green zones of the Kherson region

Assessment of the decorativeness of wood species of the family Rosaceae juss. Green zones of the Kherson region

About floristic records of the Mangystau flora

This article presents the geographical novelties of the Mangystau flora discovered during the botanical expedition in 2023. One of the oasis territories of the Mangistau desert is the mountainous and foothill strips of the mountainous Karatau. For the first time, three species of woody plants, Prunus spinosa L., Rosa iliensis Chrshan, Armeniaca vulgaris L. from the family Rosaceae Juss, were found in the gorges of Kogez, Akmysh, Samal of the Mountain Karatau in the valleys of streams and along the slopes of the mountains. Thickets of bushes Prunus spinosa L. and endemic species of South Kazakhstan Rosa iliensis Chrshan occupy an area from 100 to 200 m2, and there are several single specimens of a rare and endemic species with a decreasing range of Armeniaca vulgaris L several specimens. All species are in good condition, plants have a high vitality, and no signs of damage were noted. Prunus spinosa and Rosa iliensis also showed abundant flowering and fruiting.

Study of Hedysarum theinum (Fabaceae Lindl.) in the flora of Kazakhstan

Analysis of historical data on the distribution of Hedysarum theinum Krasnob. in Kazakhstan presented in this paper is based on herbarium collections kept at the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty and the Digital Herbarium of Moscow State University, Moscow, as well as a list of species of Hedysarum theinum on the Ivanovsky Ridge, Kazakhstani Altai with specimens collected as a result of expedition trips to the study area. The cenoflora includes 176 species from 120 genera and 41 families. The hierarchical order of the leading families is as follows: Asteraceae Dumort, Poaceae Barnhart, Ranunculaceae Juss., Rosaceae Juss. Comparative analysis of life forms shows that short rhizomatous plants prevail – 33%, as taproot plants constitute 24% and tussock plants – 11%. The basis of communities in relation to the temperature, moisture and substrate structure are made of the following ecological groups of plants: mesophytes – 30%, and, in a smaller proportion, of mesohygrophytes – 19%, mesoxerophytes – 20% and mesopsychrophytes – 18%.

STRUCTURES OF THE DENDROFLORA OF PARK-MONUMENTS OF LANDSCAPE ART IN THE UKRAINIAN POLISSYA

This article is devoted to the study of the systematic, biomorphological, and ecological classifications of the dendroflora of eleven park-monuments of landscape art established in the second half of the 20th century in the Ukrainian Polissya. In the protected parks, we identified 193 taxa of woody plants that belong to 82 genera and 34 families. The most common one was the family Rosaceae Juss. Among encountered woody plants, 14.2% species were indigenous and occurred in 5-11 parks. Fifty-nine woody plant species, among which 64.4% were rare, were associated with a single park and were represented by 1-7 specimens. At the same time, 69 woody plant species were associated with 2-4 parks, with 40.4% rare and 17.4% indigenous plant species. Life forms were represented by phanerophytes (36, 63, and 76 species of megaphanerophytes, mesophanerophytes, and micro- and nanophanerophytes, respectively) and a chamaephyte. In turn, the ecological structure was dominated by mesophytes (39.8%), hemisciophytes (46.6%), and mesotrophs (51.7%). Except for Bairak PMLA and Novostavskyi dendropark, the dendroflora of the surveyed parks was diverse.

Phytochemical study of leaves and inflorescences of two genus Sorbus L. species native for the Ukrainian flora

Rowan species (genus Sorbus L., Rosaceae Juss.) are widespread in the Northern Hemisphere under different climatic and ecological conditions. Recent molecular-phylogenetic studies confirmed that genus Sorbus L. is polyphyletic and must be divided into the segregate genera. Accordingly, the native for the Ukrainian flora species Sorbus domestica L. and Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz., having very distant morphological features of vegetative and generative organs, must belong to different genera. In this regard we assumed the chemotaxonomic importance of the specificity in the phenolic content and composition of two indicated rowan species. Young leaves and inflorescences of S. domestica and S. torminalis were collected in Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar DNU in May 2023. Analyses of isopropanol plant extracts revealed the higher levels of total phenolic content (2.5 times), flavonoids (1.5 times) and phenolic acids content (3.2 times), as well as ferric-reducing power (1.2 times), and total antioxidant capacity (1.7 times) in leaves of S. domestica, as compared to S. torminalis leaves. In general, S. domestica leaves accumulated higher total phenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids content than the inflorescences, while the opposite ratio was found for S. torminalis. Study results confirmed the chemotaxonomic importance of polyphenols content and composition of two rowan species. However, more detailed investigations are necessary to establish the correlation between the individual phenolic compounds and the rowan species features.

Perspectives for the conservation of rare species of the genus Potentilla L. (Rosaceae) of the flora of the Republic of Bashkortostan

The article presents the results of the primary introduction experience of rare species of the genus Potentilla L. (Rosaceae Juss.) of the flora of the Republic of Bashkortostan. There are 5 rare species in the collection: the Pleistocene relic species Potentilla agrimonioides Bieb., P. arenosa (Turcz.) Juz., P. nivea L., the South Ural endemic P. eversmanniana Fisch. ex Ledeb., the Ural endemic P. kuznetzowii (Govor.) Juz. These species are included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan (2021). In the collection, each species is represented by one sample. The mobilization was carried out by seeds from natural populations. Species of the genus Potentilla were grown in monoculture in the introduction nursery of the Ufa Institute of Biology. Plants go through a full cycle of annual development of shoots and give viable seeds (except P. arenosa). According to the scale of introduction resistance proposed by N.V. Trulevich (1991), under cultivation in the forest-steppe zone of the republic, P. agrimonioides and P. kuznetzowii are resistant species, P. eversmanniana and P. nivea are weakly resistant, P. arenosa is unstable species.

Morphology of wintering shoots of a rare species Exochorda serratifolia S. Moore in Primorsky Krai

The paper studies the morphology of winter shoots of the rare species Exochorda serratifolia S. Moore (Rosaceae Juss.) included in the Red Book of Primorsky Krai (Russian Federation) in the natural population (Khankaisky district of Primorsky Krai) and in culture (the arboretum of the Mountain Taiga Station of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) during 2020-2021. The studied morphological features (linear dimensions of the stem, buds and leaf scars, the number of metamers, bud scales, etc.) vary slightly. A number of morphological characteristics of the buds of Exochorda serratifolia – polyscaly, type of budding, the presence of a waxy coating are adaptive features to temperate continental climatic conditions. The obtained data on the morphology of overwintering shoots of Exochorda serratifolia can be used as additional diagnostic features for identification of the plant in a leafless state.

Morphological and anatomical structure of two species of the genus Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae Juss.) in the Alpine belt of the northwestern Caucasus

Two species of the genus Alchemilla L. growing in the alpine zone of the Northwestern Caucasus are considered. A. sericea Willd. occupies rock crevices, A. caucasica Buser grows in alpine lichen tundra. A. sericea, in comparison with A. caucasica, has more compact sizes, a reduced leaf series, rare branching, and later formation of adventitious roots, which secondarily thicken only one season. Its main root is secondary thickens and preserved for a long time. When dying, it is replaced by a lateral one, in which an additional cambium is formed for secondary thickening. A. caucasica forms more branches and adventitious roots to feed and take over new territory. It has the system of epigeogenic rhizomes with a supply of nutrients lying in the upper soil layer. In anatomy, the general plan of the structure of organs is preserved, with the exception of the structure of the main root. A. caucasica is characterized by the accumulation of orange or black contents in the endodermis, phloem, in the cells layer under the epidermis, to protect against the adverse effects of ultraviolet light.

Anatomical and histochemical characterization of glands associated with the leaf teeth in Rhaphiolepis loquata B.B.Liu &amp; J.Wen (Rosaceae Juss.)

Several representatives of Rosaceae are characterized by presenting leaf teeth. These projections on the leaf margins may be associated with different secretory structures such as extrafloral nectaries, hydathodes or colleters. Colleters are the secretory structures far less kwon in Rosaceae. Although colleters were previously mentioned in species from subfamily Amygdaloideae, authors fail to provide a detailed morphoanatomical description and the chemical nature of the secretion for those colleters. Therefore, we aimed to morphoanatomically describe the leaf teeth of Rhaphiolepis loquata, confirming the nature of the gland associated with the teeth and shedding light on the chemical composition of the gland exudates. For that, samples from the leaf margins at different stages of development were collected and fixed according to standard techniques for both light and scanning electron microscopy. The leaf teeth in R. loquata presented a colleter at its apex. Colleters were rounded with covered by single- or doubled-layered secretory palisade covered with thick cuticle and the central axis was made up of parenchyma cells. The presence of polysaccharides, pectins and proteins was confirmed in the exudates and phenolic compounds accumulated as the gland aged and ceased the exudate production. An abscission zone at the base of the colleter was observed what could cause the falling off of older, non-secreting colleters. This is the first study on the chemical composition of colleter exudates as interpreted through histochemical tests, being a novelty not only for R. loquata but for the Rosaceae family.

Дальневосточные виды семейства Rosaceae Juss. в ГБС РАН

Дальневосточные виды семейства Rosaceae Juss. в ГБС РАН

POLLEN OF TREES AND SHRUBS OF ARMENIA (ANGIOSPERMAE. XII. Rosaceae. Genus Rosa)

Pollen morphology of 12 Armenian species of the genus Rosa L. (family Rosaceae Juss.) was studied using light microscopy (LМ) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Expanding the knowledge about Aflatunia ulmifolia (Franch.) Vassilcz. (Rosaceae), a rare forest species of Central Asia

ABSTRACT Aflatunia ulmifolia (Franch.) Vassilcz. is a rare, poorly studied species from the Rosaceae Juss family. Its natural distribution range is limited to Central Asia (Western Tien Shan, Pamir-Alay, Dzhungarskiy and Kirghiz Alatau). Information on the current state of natural plant communities with the participation of A. ulmifolia, the introduction potential, and the methods of conservation of the species is limited. The aim of our study was to improve information about A. ulmifolia, by verifying its current distribution range, both in natural habitats and in places where it is introduced, and analyze the major ecological, morphological and biological characteristics of the species. We produced the most up-to-date species distribution map showing both natural and introduced populations of A. ulmifolia. For the first time, we provide a comprehensive list of tree and shrub species co-occurring with A. ulmifolia in Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. We present detailed information on the successful introduction of A. ulmifolia in nine European and Asian countries. Although the species is not of immediate conservation concern, it might become vulnerable to extinction if its distribution range continues to shrink because of anthropogenic impact and natural disturbances. We argue for the development of effective conservation strategies for A. ulmifolia in nature and for the creation of stable introduction populations of this species in botanical gardens and arboretums.

Кора ассимиляционных побегов кустарника спиреи Бовера (Spiraea beauverdiana S.K. Schneid.): структурные изменения в условиях вулканогенного стресса на южных Курильских островах и полуострове Камчатка

The article analyzes the bark of annual assimilation shoots of the Beauverd spirea shrub (Spiraea beauverdiana S.K. Schneid., Rosaceae Juss.) growing under the stressful conditions of volcanic and post-volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands (Kunashir, Iturup) and the Kamchatka Peninsula. The combination of negative environmental factors under the conditions of fumarolic, gas-hydrothermal activity and on pyroclastic deposits in volcanogenic landscapes causes disturbance in the activity of the lateral meristems of the stem – phellogen and vascular cambium. Under the conditions of volcanic stress, the functional activity of these meristems can be both constant and intermittent during the growing season, or may be completely absent (temporary dormancy of meristems). As a result of combinations of different functional activity of meristems in assimilation shoots and in their individual sections, different anatomical structures of the cortex can form in S. beauverdiana. Based on the totality of structural and functional features, we identified three types of anatomical organization of the one-year-old cortex in S. beauverdiana from volcanic habitats, which are visualized by light microscopy in the form of contrasting anatomical patterns. We believe the structural changes in the one-year-old crust formed as a result of the unstable activity of the phellogen and vascular cambium under the influence of volcanic stress, to be adaptive.