Rosa Damascene Research Articles

Metabolic and genes expression analyses involved in proline metabolism of two rose species under drought stress

An investigation was conducted to assess proline anabolism and catabolism pathway genes under drought stress. Treatments were irrigation in three levels (25, 50 and 100% field capacity) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 d and two rose species (Rosa canina L. and Rosa damascene Mill.). The results showed that the potential for proline accumulation in R. damascena was higher than R. canina under drought. Simultaneous with proline accumulation, expression of P5CS and P5CR genes increased from 1 to 12 d under 50% FC whereas their expression had an increasing trends from 1 to 6 d at 25% FC and expression of both genes decreased at 12 d in both species. The highest accumulation of proline was observed under 25% FC at 12 d, but expression of genes involved in proline synthesis main pathway decreased on this day. Furthermore, expression of genes (PDH and P5CDH) involved in proline catabolism pathway decreased in 50% FC from 1 to 12 d while their expression remarkably decreased from 1 to 6 d and increased at 12 d under 25% FC. These findings showed that under conditions of 50 and 25% FC, arginine accumulation resulted in the increased expression of the ARG gene, which led to ornithine production. Furthermore, ornithine accumulation increased OAT expression. Therefore, it seems that OAT-induced P5C is transported from the mitochondria to the cytosol and reduced to proline by the P5CR.

Persian Herbal Medicine in Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review.

According to Rome IV, functional dyspepsia is diagnosed with the presence of dyspepsia in the absence of organic or metabolic causes. FD caused by several factors, such as impaired gastric accommodation and hypersensitivity to gastric distention. Several studies have reported the effectiveness of herbal medicine on FD. This article, thus, reviews Persian herbal medicine in FD. Electronic databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of science and Ovid, were searched so as to find clinical articles related to dyspepsia and herbal medicine by July 2019. Our search strategies were traditional medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, herb, plant, and dyspepsia. We excluded all articles except Persian clinical trials. We found 34 clinical trials with 15 herbs and 4 compound herbal remedies like Asparagus racemosus, Brassica oleracea, Cynara scolymus, Ocimum basilicum, Mentha longifolia, Mentha pulegium, Mentha piperata, Pimpinella anisum, Nigella sativa, Mastic gum, Curcuma longa, Pistatio Atlantica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Solanum tuberosum and Zingiber officinale and compound remedies of Rosa damascene & Crocus sativus, Trachyspermum copticom & Apium graveolence, Carum carvi & Mentha pipperata, Gingiber officinalis & Cynara scolymus are effective in functional dyspepsia. Many people use herbal and traditional remedies for the treatment of disorders such as gastrointestinal disorders, especially in Asian countries. Several studies reported the efficacy of herbal medicine in functional dyspepsia. Although their mechanisms are not fully understood, it seems they can modulate GI motility and improve symptoms of FD.

Extraction and identification of chemical and molecular compounds of Rosa damascene Mill) essence in different genotypes cultivated in some provinces of Iran

The Rosa damascena Mill. is cultivated in different parts of Iran. For evaluation of its essence, the experiment was carried out on 50 accessions during 2014-17 using randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Results showed that the essence of Kermanshah11 (0.412 g), Yazd 1 (0.400 g), Isfahan 4 (0.364 g), Lorestan 1 (0.361 g), Kermanshah 2 (0.350 g) and Isfahan 3 (0.331 g) accessions had a higher amount of essence. Strong positive correlation coefficients (p≤0.01) were found between essence of citronellol- n-eicosan (0.845), citronellol- n-heneicosane (0.879), n-nonadecane-geraniol (0.883), n-heneicosane-geraniol (0.842), n-heneicosane- geraniol (0.850), n-eicosane- geraniol (0.885), n-nonadecane- geraniol (0.930). Comparing the years, the accessions of Isfahan 5, Arak 1, Kordestan 1, West Azarbaijan 1, Tehran 1, Arak1, Fars 1 and Zanjan1 had the highest citronellol, geraniol, geraniol, n-tetradecanal, n-nonadecane, n-eicosane, n-pentacosane, n-heneicosane, respectively.

SCOPE OF UNANI MEDICINE IN THE PROPHYLAXIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an acute infectious disease caused by infection with a novel coronavirus SARSCoV-2. The disease severity can range from mild to developing into critical with pneumonia and even life-threatening complications such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), shock, or multi-organ system dysfunction. The clinical picture of Nazla-e-Wabaiya is almost similar to that of Covid-19 like body ache, sore throat, nasal irritation, burning sensation in eyes sneezing, cough, and fever. As per the Unani scholars, the prophylaxis and management include various single and compound drugs to be used orally. They also prescribed various drugs as disinfectants to be used for fumigation, incense, and spray. Ibn Sina advised that houses should be sanitized daily by spraying Arq Gulab (Rosa damascene), Arq Bed Sada (Salix caprea), or Arq Nilofer (Nymphaea alba) and recommended Bukhoor (incense) of Sa'ad Kufi (Cyperusrotundus), Habb-ul-Aas (Myrtuscommunis), Kundur (Boswelliaserrata), and Sandalwood (Santalum spp.). For the treatment of Nazla-e-Wabaiya, the decoction (Joshanda) of Unnab, Sapistan, and Behidana along with Sharbat Banafsha have been recommended by many eminent Unani scholars. They have also recommended using various types of Khamiras like Khamira Gaozaban, Khamira Abresham SheeraUnnabWala, Khamira Marwareed to improve general health and immunity.

Pharmacological properties of Rosa damascene

Pharmacological properties of <i>Rosa damascene</i>

Ethnobotanical Approaches of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Asthma in Iran

Context Asthma is the most common respiratory disease that has increased in prevalence worldwide during the last decade and causes an estimated 250,000 deaths annually. Due to adverse effects of chemical medicines, patients are seeking alternative therapy for management of asthma. This review aims at medicinal properties of Iranian traditional medicine and potential uses of these plants as antiasthmatics (both extrinsic and intrinsic).Evidence Acquisition Information was sourced from Iranian traditional medicine textbooks and scientific databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, SID, IranDoc and MagIran. The data search was up-to-date as of October 31, 2017.ResultsThis review reveals significant ethnobotanical information on medical plants to manage asthma from literature, which consists of botanical name, part used, preparation and administration. According to the main traditional Persian medicine texts Crocus sativus, Carum Carvi, Nigella sativa, Myrica sapida, Portulaca oleracea, Rosa damascene, Viola odorata and Zingiber officinale were the most efficacious medicinal plants for the improvement of asthma.ConclusionsIran has a precious traditional plant-based knowledge on healthcare and important scientists such as Razi and Avicenna used a lot of plants and plant extracts for treatment a large number of diseases. This study represents some pharmacological and phytochemical reports available on medicinal plants using for treatment asthma and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Due to no scientifically proven cure for asthma, this review introduces many traditional herbs that can be used for asthma treatment.

The protective effect of Damask rose, Rosa damascena extract on the liver of Cyprinus carpio following zinc exposure

This study aimed to examine two concentrations of Rosa damascene extract on toxic effect of Zn on the liver of common carp. For this purpose, four treatments with three replicates were designed as following: treatment one as control, treatment 2 exposed to 3 mg/l ZnSO 4 , and treatments 3 and 4 supplemented with 2.5 and 5 g of R. damascene extract along with exposure to 3 mg/L ZnSO 4 . After 45 days, the bioaccumulation of Zn and histopathological alternation in the liver, as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), triglyceride, cholesterol and albumin were measured. The results showed the highest concentration of Zn in treatment, and its decreasing trend in treatments 3 and 4. The histopathological examinations showed the most alternations in treatment 2, but lower changes in treatment 3 and 4 due to application of R. damascene extract. In addition, those measured biochemical parameters had increased in treatment 2 following exposure to ZnSO 4 , whereas they had decrease in treatments 3 and 4. These results revealed positive effect of R. damascene extract to decrease toxicity of Zn on the liver of common carp.

Cytotoxic activity of Rosa damascene mill, Alliumsativum, Allium hirtifolium Boiss, and Prosopis farcta extracts on human cervical carcinoma cell line

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the major reasons of cancer-related mortality. Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection, which can lead to cervical cancer. There is no powerful chemotherapeutic agent for HPV infection and cervical cancer. Some plants have the proper potential to be used for treatment of cervical cancer caused by HPV type 18.Materials and Methods: In this study, cytotoxic effect of extract of four indigenous Iranian plants including Rosa damascene mill, Allium sativum, Allium hirtifolium boiss and Prosopis farcta were investigated on the HeLa cell line. HeLa cells were incubated with different concentrations of extracts and then the cell viability was measured by MTT assay.Results: The viable cell numbers were decreased by increase of the extracts concentration. The Allium sativum showed the higher cytotoxicity in all concentrations than the other ones. Afterwards, Allium hirtifolium Boiss, Rosa damascene mill, and Prosopis farcta showed maximum efficiency to decrease cell viability, respectively.Conclusion: The above four mentioned plants might be used for death of HeLa cell harboring HPV type 18. Therefore, they could be employed as a chemotherapeutic agent in the cervical cancer treatment in future.

Effect of aerobic training and Rosa damascena supplement on the memory of obese women

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8-week aerobic training and supplementation of Rosa damascene on the memory of obese women. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two obese women (age: 34.3 ± 5.6 years; fat percentage: above 35%; and waist-to-hip ratio: above 0.85) were selected based on convenience sampling in a quasi-experimental study, with pre- and post-test design with control group. The women were randomly divided and allocated into aerobic exercises with R. damascene supplement group (TS Group) (n = 9); aerobic training group with placebo (TP Group) (n = 8), aerobic training group (T Group) (n = 7), and control group (C Group) (n = 8). The memory status was evaluated by the Wechsler questionnaire at pretest and posttest. ANCOVA and paired t-test were performed for analyzing the data by SPSS for Windows. Results: The results suggested that all the three experimental groups had a significant improvement in memory index (P ≤ 0.05). The results also indicated that TS group had a significant improvement in memory condition compared to other groups (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the use of R. damascene with aerobic exercise had a significant effect on the memory of obese women. Therefore, given the positive effects of R. damascene and aerobic exercise, this strategy can be used to improve the memory of obese women.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Deuterium-Depleted Water plus Rosa damascene Mill. Essential Oil via Cyclooxygenase-2 Pathway in Rats

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Deuterium-Depleted Water plus Rosa damascene Mill. Essential Oil via Cyclooxygenase-2 Pathway in Rats

Influence of molecular distillation on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of rose essential oils

Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils (REOs) of roses including Rosa damascene (RD), Rosa centifolia (RC), Rosa pomponia (RP) and Rosa chinensis Jacq “Crimson Glory” H. T. (CG), and their fractions obtained through molecular distillation (MD) were investigated. The major constitutes were: β-citronellol and nonadecane in RDEO, RCEO and RPEO, 1-nonadecene and nonadecane in CGEO. After MD, a larger proportion of more volatile compounds existed in the distillates relative to their original oils and residues. The REOs and fractions exhibited not only moderate antioxidant activities in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and reducing power assays, but also obvious broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities towards the seven tested microorganisms. Notably, the higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were observed for the distillates of RDEO, RCEO and RPEO. Moreover, the active antioxidant constitutes in the REOs were characterized as eugenol and methyl eugenol, and the potential antimicrobial components were linalool, phenethyl alcohol, β-citronellol, geraniol, eugenol and methyl eugenol. Results demonstrated that MD could be used to obtain fractions from REOs with higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and the distillates of RDEO, RCEO and RPEO have potential to act as novel natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

GC-MS analysis of antibacterial compounds from floral part of methanolic extract of Rosa damascene

Abstract The present study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the bioactive constituent in Rosa damascena, which is commonly called Demask rose, medicinal plant with biological significance and belongs to Rosaceae. The analyses were performed in methanolic extract with two fraction, Butanol and ethyl acetate. The analysis reveals presence of 09 bioactive compounds. Out of nine compounds, five were derivatives of methyl ester. Chemical compounds found in selected plants possessMethanolic extract of plant in butanol and ethyl acetate fraction are found to possess significant potential to kill different bacterial species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabillis. All these bacterial species were isolated from different sources such as pus, urine, vaginal sweat and sputum. Extract of Rosa damascena was able to kill all above mentioned species but was not capable to destroy Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from urine. Keywords: Bioactive compounds; GC-MS hyphenated technique; in-vitro Antibacterial assay; Medicinal plants; Rosa damascena http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2018.700206

Gül Yağının Sıçanlarda Penisilin İle Tetiklenen Epileptiform Aktivite Üzerine Etkileri: Elektrofizyolojik Bir Çalışma

Objective: Rose oil (from Rosa damascene) has several effects which are analgesic, antispasmodic, antioxidant and neuroprotective role. Its antiepileptic effect has not been yet studied enough. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate acute effects of rose oil on the epileptiform activity in penicillin-induced epilepsy model in rats.Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats weighing 230 to 260 g were divided into six groups with seven rats in each group. Control (+Penicillin), RO alone, Diazepam, and different doses of Rose oil including 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Rats were pretreated with different doses of RO 30 min prior to penicillin treatment. Electrocorticogram recordings were taken from each animal for 2 hours after penicillin treatment.Results: Only the dose of 100 mg/kg of rose oil reduced significantly epileptic spike-wave frequency of epileptiform activity. However, comparing in terms of latency and spike-wave amplitude of epileptiform activity, there were no significant difference between the groups.Conclusions: In conclusion, acute administration of rose oil reduces spike-wave frequency of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. Therefore, these findings indicate that rose oil has antiepileptic effects.

Antiglycation and antioxidant activity of four Iranian medical plant extracts.

ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder that defined by chronic hyperglycemia for the deficiency in insulin secretion or resistance. Hyperglycemia could induce non-enzymatic glycation of proteins. It has been suggested that some traditional plants can improve blood glucose and inhibit glycation process. This work evaluates and compares the anti-glycation activities of four Iranian plant extracts in vitro.MethodsThe methanolic extract of “Fumaria officinalis, Stachys lavandulifolia, Salvia hydrangea and Rosa Damascene” was prepared in three different concentrations. Phenolic, flavonoids content and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The multistage glycation markers-fructosamines (early stage), protein carbonyls (intermediate stage) and β aggregation of albumin were investigated in the bovine serum albumin (BSA)/ glucose systemt.ResultsAll plants showed the high potency of scavenging free radicals and glycation inhibition in the following order: Fumaria officinalis> Rosa Damascene> Stachys lavandulifolia > Salvia hydrangea. There was a significant correlation between antioxidant and anti-glycation activity. Also, the antioxidant and anti-glycation capacity of extracts correlated with total phenolic and flavonoids content.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that the studied plants are good sources of anti-glycation and antioxidant compounds and, these properties can primarily attributable to phenolics, particularly flavonoids.

Efficacy of combination of Viola odorata, Rosa damascena and Coriandrum sativum in prevention of migraine attacks: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

BackgroundMigraine is the second most common type of headache after tension headaches. In Iranian traditional medicine several herbal drugs are used for the treatment of headache. Including, a product of Iranian traditional medicine, a combination of Viola odorata L. flowers, Rosa damascena L. flowers and Coriandrum sativum L. fruits.ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of a combination of Viola odorata flowers, Rosa damascene flowers and Coriandrum sativum fruits on severity, duration and frequency of migraine headaches.MethodsThis randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 88 patients who had migraine and visited Besat Neurology Clinic No. 4 at Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, from September 2016 to march 2017. Patients were randomly divided into the intervention (n=44) or placebo group (n=44). The intervention group received a product of Iranian traditional medicine, a combination of Viola odorata L. flowers, Rosa damascena L. flowers and Coriandrum sativum L. fruits in 500 mg capsules three times a day and propranolol 20mg tablet twice a day, and the control group received placebo capsules (500mg) three times a day and propranolol 20mg tablet twice a day for four weeks. Patients were asked to report the frequency, duration and severity of their headaches in designed forms at home. Then at the end of the 2nd and 4th weeks of treatment, patients were followed for clinical efficacy.ResultsIn terms of duration, frequency and severity of headaches between the two groups of herbal medicine and placebo, the behavior of the two protocols was changed over time (p<0.001). During the 4 weeks, the time and drug interactions, were significant (p <0.001). In other words, the pattern of changes to the two protocols over time, was different. Also, at the end of the 4th week, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.001).ConclusionThe study findings suggest that the Iranian traditional product combination of Viola odorata flowers, Rosa damascena flowers and Coriandrum sativum fruits may be effective in improving headaches in patients with migraine.Clinical trial registrationThe trial was registered at the Iranian registry of clinical trials (IRCT: www.irct.ir) with registered NO. IRCT 2016110830776N1.FundingThe authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Dihydropyranoaurone compound damaurone D inhibits LPS-induced inflammation and liver injury by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling independent of AMPK.

Recently, we reported the synthesis of damaurone D (DD), originally derived from Rosa damascene, and its anti-inflammatory effect in macrophages. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of DD in macrophages and further tested whether DD is protective against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. DD inhibited LPS-stimulated expression of pro-inflammatory genes and cytokine/chemokine secretion in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells and thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages. DD suppressed LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, as demonstrated by reduction in IκB kinase α/β phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, and levels of phosphorylated ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK. The luciferase reporter activity of NF-κB and activator protein 1 was also attenuated by DD pretreatment. Furthermore, DD treatment induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in cells and mouse liver, although the anti-inflammatory effect of DD was similar in dominant-negative AMPK-overexpressing cells. Lastly, DD-treated mice were protected against LPS-induced acute liver injury, based on morphologic and immunohistochemical observations; reduction in the plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, TNF-α, and MCP-1; and a decrease in inflammatory gene expression. In summary, our findings indicate that DD can protect against LPS-stimulated inflammation and liver injury at least partly by suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Iodosylbenzene (PhIO) mediated synthesis of rose oxide from β-citronellol and its application for in situ rose oxide enrichment led valorization of citronella essential oil

Rose oxide occupies top rank among the volatiles of high olfactory significance. Naturally it occurs as a minor but precious constituent of essential oils obtained from Rosa damascene and Pelargonium spp. High cost and limited availability of natural rose oxide restricts its pervasive application in high-value perfumes. Therefore, synthetic rose oxide is produced on a much larger scale as a mixture of the four (−)-cis-, (+)-cis-, (−)-trans-, and (−)-trans-stereoisomers, having aroma profile similar to naturally occurring rose oxide. However, the methods reported in literature for preparation of synthetic rose oxide involve harsh reaction condition, use of toxic metals salts and non-renewable chemicals and solvents.This paper discusses a novel, convenient, safe, scalable and cost effective process for manufacturing rose-oxide stereoisomers, predominantly the cis-rose oxide (∼90%) via radical peroxidation of β-citronellol using hypervalent iodine reagent iodosylbenzene (PhIO) at ambient temperature. The methodology provides an alternative to conventional process of rose oxide production via photooxidation of β-citronellol. A safe processing of β-citronellol to rose oxide could be achieved by working in a mixture of acetonitrile-water as solvent system at ambient temperature in the absence of any additive or catalyst. The product cis/trans-rose oxide (∼90:10) could be obtained in high purity through direct distillation from the reaction mixture followed by detection and quantification using GC-MS analysis.Despite significant advances in process designing and operation, the yields of essential oil obtained from Pelargonium spp. could not be enhanced significantly to affect its price and availability for creating rosy notes of commercial importance. Therefore, a semi-synthetic production of a compositional mimic oil of Pelargonium spp. from volatile oil of citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus), would be promising in catering to the demand for such an aroma oil. Thus, developed methodology of rose oxide production from β-citronellol was successfully applied for an in situ rose oxide olfactory value addition to low value citronella essential oil to obtain a compositional mimic oil of rose scented geranium, thereby provides newer opportunities of products, flavors and additives.

Time and dose-dependent adverse effects of four medicinal plants on male reproductive system

Introduction: the point of the present survey was to evaluate time and dose-dependent adverse effects of four restorative herbs on male reproductive system.Methods: the study involved of seventeen distinctive gatherings of ten mice as takes after: group C1 to C4 (Cuminum cyminum), which received 0.1 ml Cuminum cyminum essential oil at dosage of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively. Group R1 to R4 (Rosa damascene), which received 0.1 ml Rosa damascene essential oil at dosage of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively. Group Z1 to Z4 (Zataria multiflora), which received 0.1 ml Zataria multiflora ethanolic extract at dosage of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day, respectively. Group O1 to O4 (Origanum vulgare), which received 0.1 ml Origanum vulgare ethanolic extract at dose of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day, respectively and finally group Normal which got similar amount of normal saline.Results: the results demonstrated that sperm density, mobility and viability in groups R4, O4, Z2, Z3, Z4, C2, C3 and C4 after 4 weeks were altogether diminished in comparison with normal group.Discussion: according to the results, mentioned medicinal plants should not be used frequently for prolonged duration

The effects of n-3 fatty acids and Rosa damascena extract on primary dysmenorrhea

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is painful contractions of the lower abdomen without abnormal pelvic pathology. Aims: Because high prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its effects on women’s social activities, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of separate and concurrent supplementation of n-3 fatty acid and Rosa damascene extract (RDE) on primary dysmenorrhea complaints. Study design: Double blind clinical trial. Methods: In this study, 120 university students were randomly allocated with equal size into two groups [Fish oil (FO) Factor groups: one with one-gram soft gel capsule of fish oil (60) and other without it (60)], then each group was randomly allocated with equal size into two groups (RDE Factor groups: one with one-gram capsules of RDE (30) and other without it (30)), for 2 months. And all data was measured three times in these four groups, at the beginning of the study 30th day and 60th day. Pain intensity and quantity of bleeding were measured by visual analog scale (VAS), Higham Pictorial blood loss assessment charts methods respectively. Results: After 2 months treatment, pain intensity was decreased significantly in FO (p=0.02), and RDE (p<0.01) groups but remained high among those who received both of FO and RDE (p=0.27). Reduction of bleeding days was significant (p<0.01) with separate supplementation of FO and RDE but concurrent use of them has no significant effect (p=0.75) on bleeding duration. The amount of bleeding does not changed significantly in any groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest, omega-3 fatty acids and RDE separately have analgesic effect on pain severity and can decrease bleeding duration of dysmenorrhea as nutritional supplements only when used separately.

Antihyperglycemic Effect of Rosa Damascena is Mediated by PPAR.γ Gene Expression in Animal Model of Insulin Resistance.

Insulin resistance is a condition in which insulin signaling and action are impaired in insulin sensitive tissues and result in hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our previous studies have shown that Rosa damascena has antihyperglycemic effects on diabetic and normal rats. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the effect of this medicinal plant on insulin sensitivity in rats. This study was performed on high fructose diet insulin resistant rats and pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizing drug, was used as a positive control. Insulin resistance was developed in animals by high fructose diet within six weeks. Then, Rosa damascena extract and pioglitazone were administered by gavage for two weeks and results were compared with two control groups. After treatment period, serum glucose, insulin, adiponectin, triglyceride, and cholesterol were assayed in fasting state. Plasma free fatty acid profile was analyzed by GC. Liver PPAR.γ and muscle GLUT.4 gene expressions were assessed by real time PCR and western blotting. Animals were treated with rosa damascena extract showed levels of insulin (42 ± 2.7 pmol/L). adiponectin (5.6±0.17 μg/mL). glucose (129±4.7 mg/dL). and triglyceride (75 ± 9 mg/dl) which were significantly improved as compared with control group insulin (137 ± 34 pmol/L), adiponectin (3.9±0.15 μg/mL). glucose (187±15 mg/dL). and triglycerides (217±18 mg/dL). PPARγ protein level was also significantly increased in Rosa damascene treated group. Our results demonstrated that rosa damascena extract has useful effects on insulin resistant animals and by increasing insulin sensitivity can be considered as a potential agent in control of diabetes.