Rorschach Method Research Articles

Can an artist be mature? Rorschach studies of prominent Polish actors

Introduction: The peculiarities of being a prominent actor - the unity of the person and the work, recognition and significance - have made possible new and relevant from the point of view of personality and creativity psychology to analyze using the Rorschach method. Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the personality maturity, type of experiencing, social contacts of prominent Polish actors by means of a qualitative method. Method: The Rorschach Test according to the American signing system of Z. Piotrowski. The study group consisted of 120 Polish actors: 40 outstanding Polish actors, also known in the world from international films or received awards (group A), 40 actors working in theaters in large cities (B), 40 actors employed in theaters in small cities(C). The groups were matched for age (M= 44.7 years, SD 9.31). Results: Analysis of the level of differences in maturity proved statistically significant. The study showed indicators of rivalry, which can stimulate aggressive behavior, for example, but the overall profile indicates good adaptation and control of emotions. The psychogram was dominated by signatures indicating an ambidextrous, differentiated type of experiencing,signifying creative imagination, a tendency to reflect, which is at the same time balanced by external activity,good adaptation. Discussion: The respondents' life activity is characterized by decisiveness, with a tinge of aggression. This attitude can be a cause conflicts with people who may be perceived as rivals, the results of other researchers also indicate. Conclusions: The study of prominent actors using the Rorschach test was conducted for the first time on such a scale, providing many valuable findings. Keywords: Rorschach Test, type of experiencing, emotional sphere, interpersonal relations

Bullying na Adolescência: Avaliação Psicológica com Métodos Projetivos (Escola de Paris)

ABSTRACT This work aims to assess the psychological impact of school bullying on adolescents. This study is about an exploratory clinical-qualitative research with multiple case studies of four teenagers, who had been victimized by bullying acts aged between 15 and 17 years old. This study applied the following instruments: Semi-structured interview; SCL-90-R scale; Rorschach Method and Thematic Apperception Test (Parisian School). The results show depression, anxiety, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal attempts. On the SCL-90-R Scale, five out of nine psychopathological factors stood out in two cases. On Rorschach, the coercion and extroversion predominate as a Type of Intimate Resonance. Thematic Apperception Test results points lability and rigidity. The presence of bullying points to an own psychological dynamic in each case.

The Value of the Rorschach Method in Clinical Assessment of Migraine Patients

Abstract. Approximately 15% of the world’s population suffer from migraine. This affliction is recognized as one of the 20 leading causes of disability globally and therefore constitutes a public health problem. Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress are involved in migraine. However, mentalization abilities are considered a protective factor against physical illness. The last study of migraine in adults using the Rorschach test goes back to 2001 in Italy. We propose to update the data in a French sample comparing migraine patients ( N = 32) with standards focusing on the mentalizing factors defined by de Tychey, Diwo, and Dollander (2000) . The results highlight significant differences between migraine patient functioning in the Rorschach and the general population: There are few representations and affective expression is restricted. Migraine patients have difficulties to mentalize excitations. In conclusion, mentalization-based treatment could be a beneficial intervention for migraine patients.

Crianças institucionalizadas e sintomas depressivos por meio do Rorschach e do CDI

Os sintomas depressivos em crianças podem ser sutis e variados. Este estudo investigou sintomas depressivos em crianças institucionalizadas para a adoção, comparando-as com crianças não institucionalizadas, utilizando para isso o método de Rorschach Sistema Compreensivo e o CDI. Participaram do estudo 84 crianças, com idades entre 7 e 11 anos. Para a análise de dados foram utilizados: o teste t de student, a correlação de Pearson e o d de Cohen. Os resultados revelaram que as crianças institucionalizadas se mostraram com mais baixa autoestima, problemas afetivos, ideações suicidas, dificuldade escolar e dificuldade na relação com o outro quando comparadas com as crianças não institucionalizadas. Esses dados sugerem uma possível síndrome depressiva, sendo aconselhável a investigação clínica mais aprofundada para providenciar diagnóstico e tratamento, especialmente nas crianças institucionalizadas. Além disso, foram observadas associações entre as variáveis do Rorschach e CDI. Implicações desses achados e sugestões de pesquisas futuras são apresentadas ao final.

Special Phenomena in Rorschach Protocols in Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia.

The Rorschach method has been proved as an effective tool for personality dynamics assessment, as well as for identify psychopathological patterns, especially with regard to the dissociation of consciousness, which makes it relevant in the context of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to contribute to the evaluation of the so-called special phenomena in Rorschach protocols in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of ten patients previously diagnosed with ICD-10 F20 who were hospitalised in the Federal District, Brazil, in the Centre for Living and Psychosocial Care (Life Mansion). The participants were chosen in the free choice form by the lead researcher. All were under regular psychiatric care and used medication continuously to treat the illness. Data were analysed according to the interpretative principles of Bruno Klopfer's theoretical and clinical approach. It was found eight fixed special phenomena in the schizophrenic patients' responses to Rorschach tests. All patients responses showed the following special phenomena: confabulation; contamination; named colour; self-referential ideation; referential ideation; looking at the back of the card; perseveration and position response. Normal patients did not present high frequency and intensity of special phenomena in their respective protocols. Taken together, this clinical study supports the conclusion that the Rorschach technique is an important tool for the evaluation of schizophrenic patients.

ТЕОРЕТИКОПРАКТИЧНІАСПЕКТИВИМІРЮВАННЯТАОЦІНЮВАННЯІНТЕГРАЛЬНИХХАРАКТЕРИСТИКПРОФЕСІЙНОЇКОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІПЕДАГОГА

The article highlights the actual aspects of the interpretation of the notion of computation, competence, their use and priority directions of diagnostics of the components of professional competence of the teacher. The analysis of modern works on the competencies and competence as a multidirectional and variety of their characteristics is proved, which testifies to the very large complexity of their measurement and evaluation; an attempt was made to find ways to solve this urgent problem, which is connected with the improvement of the quality of education in the general context of its humanization. The aim is to highlight the individual professional qualities of the teacher: the general orientation of the motivational sphere, the degree of manifestation of a personal sense of professional freedom and abilities. these problems are coverage from the position of J. Raven and his emphasis on motivation and values of the individual. The role of the acmeological orientation of the individual is emphasized as an important factor in achieving pedagogical success. The acmeological orientation acts as a personal potential, which is a component of the individual psychological characteristics of the individual. The concept of personal potential has been developed in his works by D.O. Leontev and is interpreted as the ability of the individual to maintain the stability of activity under the influence of external conditions. An attempt has been made to gauge their specificity more deeply with the help of the Rorschach method. The general tendency is highlighted concerning the peculiarities of the study of the general orientation of the motivational sphere, the degree of manifestation of the personal feeling of professional freedom and abilities, which, in our opinion, is that it is relatively autonomous and its meaning lies in the field of determining the state and trends of the functioning of professional freedom, in general. Further searches are seen in solving the problem of developing effective methods for the professional diagnosis of the competence of educators in education and the creation of a continuous experimental system, which learns on the basis of own samples and errors, corrects its actions and initiates the forms of activity.

Life History and Personality Characteristics of Marital Aggressors: Psychoanalytic Contributions

Abstract Research indicates that trauma (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse) is a factor commonly present in the life of marital abusers. This study aimed to investigate the life history characteristics and personality of men who perpetrated violence against women and were detained in the Central Prison of Porto Alegre, Brazil. We also identified sociodemographic characteristics, the presence of psychopathological symptoms and understood the intrapsychic dynamics involved in the participants’ marital choice, as well as their perception regarding the experience of detention. Three participants filled out a personal data sheet, answered the Rorschach method, the MINI Interview, and participated in three semi-structured interviews. The interviews were examined from the interpretative analysis technique based on psychoanalytic theory. The results allow us to understand the violence committed by the participants as a result from a life story marked by traumatic experiences that produced narcissistic flaws and the expression of aggressiveness.

The Rorschach method for obesity assessment: clinical study on a group of obese women

The purpose of this study is to explore through the Rorschach method the psychological and personological profile of the woman with obesity. The Rorschach test was administered to 10 women with body mass index of 41.86±9.9 kg/m2 at the clinic for obesity surgical treatment at the University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone" of Palermo. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Rorschach responses detected in the study show: limited practical and creative sense in managing daily life situations, rigid control of emotions, affective turmoil, sense of inadequacy; sufficient examination of reality and adaptation social. The Rorschach method can be the privileged instrument for obesity, for its remarkable projective value, because it allows to capture the psychic suffering of the obese person, the representation and the image of the self, to identify the interaction between psycho-physical state and emotional investments.

Reassessment (after 15 Years) of Non-Patient Adults by the Rorschach Method.

The investigation of personality using the Rorschach Method has been historically established, however, its proper use requires continuous study, especially in regard to reliability, validity and normative references. This study's objective was to verify stability indicators of Rorschach (French Approach) through a reassessment (after 15 years) of non-patient adults previously addressed in the normative study by Pasian (1998). A total of 88 adults, aged between 34 and 69 years old, of both sexes, with different socio-economic and educational levels, were reassessed in 2013 in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The responses were independently rated by different judges, with adequate precision. The average results obtained collected in 1998 and 2013 were analyzed to determine if these two sets of data were significantly different from each other (Student's t test, p ≤ .05) and the following variables were compared: Productivity indices, Apprehension Modes/Location, Formal Quality, Determinants, Contents and Banality. The overall stability level in these variables is considerable (mean r = .28, ± SD = 0.21). We discuss the theoretical approach of the Rorschach method regarding structural aspects of personality and developmental issues in personality assessment.

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy of a Child with Internalizing Symptoms: A Study of Outcomes

When psychopathology is considered as a developmental phenomenon, the data on child psychotherapy must be of interest to all therapists. The aim of this study was to assess the results of psychodynamic psychotherapy in a child with internalizing symptoms using data obtained from the patient, her mother, her teacher and her psychotherapist. A systematic single case study was performed. The data were obtained using the following tools: interviews, the Rorschach Method, the Child Behaviour Check List for Children and Adolescents, the Teachers Report Form and questionnaires completed by the patient's mother and therapist. The psychotherapeutic treatment lasted for 40 sessions and the patient was 8 years old at the start of therapy. She presented with head and stomach aches after the sudden death of her father, as well as difficulty adapting to her new school. The Rorschach results indicated improvement in cognitive triad variables, interpersonal relations and expressing affection. Data from the patient, mother and therapist converged to yield the clinical picture of a more spontaneous girl, dealing better with her feelings and more socially integrated. This points to the importance of using mixed methods to assess psychotherapies and of consulting multiple informants.

Color and form quality in the Rorschach method in a group of 11/12 year-old children

Color and form quality in the Rorschach method in a group of 11/12 year-old children

Problemática narcísica-identitária em adolescentes abusadores sexuais: contribuições do Rorschach Escola de Paris

This article analyzes the narcissistic-identitary problematic of adolescents who commit sexual abuse. It starts with the hypothesis that in adolescence, a psychic rearrangement occurs and difficulties begin within the psychic apparatus that exercises the stop-excitation function, which may lead to a violent act. We used the Rorschach Method in the French Approach of Parisian School, with a group of four adolescents aged 15 to 18 who had committed acts of sexual violence. The interpretation of the protocols considered the investment in the limits; the narcissistic defense and its effects, investment in the representation of the self, the identity and the identification. The study concluded that the difficulty of defining the limits, identification problematic, inhibition and limited drive management, in addition to the establishment of specular relations using narcissistic defenses indicated flaws in the process of subject choice.

New Contributions of the Rorschach Method on the Effects of Sexual Abuse in Childhood

This study aimed to verify the effects of sexual abuse and maternal abandonment and to explore the utility of the Rorschach method to understand the victims’ interior life. The qualitative analysis focused on 12 protocols of children between six and eight years of age, including five girls and seven boys from Brazilian institutions. The presence of recursive responses of inanimate movement (m), morbid (MOR), aggressive (AG), sexual (Sx) contents and anatomy (An) was evidenced. The results suggest traumatic experiences with primary objects, hostile and aggressive human interactions, damaged self-perception and early abusive sexualization. The findings illustrate the harmful effects of sexual abuse and maternal abandonment in child development, and ratify the use of the Rorschach for evaluation processes in an ideographic approach, beyond the nomothetic perspective.

Thematic Apperception Test: an original proposal for interaction analysis

The TAT as projective technique gives the opportunity to explore the inner world and the intra-psychic functioning, as well as the objectual representations and the prevailing thinking processes. Our hypothesis is that the TAT could also be deployed as a valid tool in the analysis of inter-personal functioning, specifically within the couple. From this assumption originates our proposal for an original methodology of TAT deployment and reading, which integrates the classical individual TAT methodology with the Common Rorschach method suggested by Willi. The goal is to experiment a parallel utilisation of the test that could contribute to the understanding of personalities and of how these intertwine in couple interaction. “ In the relationship with the partner, the personality takes new shapes, given personality and character traits are strengthened, while others lose importance ” , (Theodore Lidz, in Willi, 1990). The couple TAT presupposes a sequence of pictures proposed following procedures identical to the Common Rorschach ones to the single individuals at first and then to the couple. From the initial individual task follows the one of building a commonly shared history starting from the stimulus. The suggested methodology shall be exemplified through the presentation of clinical cases belonging to the research sample. The comprehension of the inter-personal dynamic, in a common task, could allow to explore the ways in which conflict expresses itself, the roles and prospects for collaboration, the “ generativity ” of the couple and the management of affects and anxieties in the interaction and could be successfully deploy ed as a tool in the context of couple counselling.

Interaction structures in the psychodynamic therapy of a boy diagnosed with Asperger’s disorder: a single-case study

It is important to investigate the outcomes of psychotherapy and, especially, its process. Regarding child psychodynamic psychotherapy, available studies are in smaller numbers. Therefore, we still do not fully know the mechanisms of change in treatments with this age group. The Child Psychotherapy Q-Set (CPQ) was designed to analyze the therapeutic process with children. It permits one to identify interaction structures (i.e., repetitive patterns of interaction) and how they change in the course of a treatment. Based on these assumptions, the aim of this study was to identify and to analyze the interaction structures in the psychodynamic therapy of a boy diagnosed with Asperger’s disorder and possible changes in his psychic organization. A mixed longitudinal study, based on the Systematic Case Study procedure, was performed. Approximately 30 months of the boy’s psychotherapy were analyzed using the CPQ. The Rorschach method was used as the outcome measure. Four interaction structures were identified, using the CPQ: Active, confident and lively child, competing with connected, mentalizing and accepting therapist; Withdrawn and defensive child with uncertain, unresponsive and didactic therapist; Accepting therapist with demanding, provocative and hostile child; and Reassuring, supportive, nondirective therapist with a compliant and not spontaneous child. Two interaction structures varied over time. Some changes in Rorschach variables were detected after two years of treatment.

Normative Study of Rorschach (Parisian School) for Brazilian Adolescents

ABSTRACTAmong the projective methods of psychological assessment, the relevance of the Rorschach method stands out in the investigation of personality, albeit without normative references in the Parisian School for adolescents in Brazil. This study addresses this gap by developing normative standards of the Rorschach method (Parisian School) for this age group, evaluating specificities of production associated with sex, age and school system. The Rorschach tests were individually administered to 180 students aged from 15 to 17 years old, with typical signs of development. Data considering the 54 Rorschach's variables were descriptively and inferentially examined. The main average results were: (a) productivity: R = 17.7; (b) modes of apperception: G = 35.0%, D = 33.4%, Dd = 30.3% and Dd = 1.1%; (c) determinants and formal indexes: F% = 54.5%, F+% = 55.6% and F+ext% = 57.3%; (d) predominant content: A% = 51.0% and H% = 20.9%; (e) Ban = 17.0%. Specificities of production according to sex, age and school system were identified, which supports the analysis and interpretation of Rorschach's variables with contemporary Brazilian adolescents.

Evidências de validade do Rorschach Performance Assessment System no diagnóstico da esquizofrenia

Evidence of validity of Rorschach Performance Assessment System in the diagnosis of schizophrenia The Rorschach method has proven an effective tool for personality assessment and identification of psychopathological patterns, in particular schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to seek validity evidences for the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) in a Brazilian context. Both R-PAS and the Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) were administered in 70 adults, 35 schizophrenic patients, and 35 non-patients. The results of the comparisons showed statistically significant differences for the variables (Hd), An, FQo, FQu, FQn, P, DV, DR, INC, CON, MAH, MAP, GHR, PHR, EII-3 and TP-Comp (p<0.05). There were positive and strong magnitude associations to the score obtained in MIS and the variables of the R-PAS, EII-3 and TP-Comp (r=0.84 and 0.85, respectively). Therefore the results can be interpreted as evidence of validity for the R-PAS in a Brazilian context.

ASSESSMENT or UNDERSTANDING? The Rorschach method in psychotherapy

Abstract : The Rorschach method has been submitted to a teenager who was threatening suicide. The case is examined by experts who meet regularly. From the seminary woks emerge some diagnostic elements which can facilitate the therapeutic relationship.

Self-Protective Strategies, Violence and Psychopathy: Theory and a Case Study

Although it has been proposed that attachment is a key factor in psychopathy and violence, conceptualization of its potential role remains limited. This article uses the dynamic-maturational model of attachment and adaptation (DMM; Crittenden, 2008) and a case study to illustrate an etiological model of psychopathy and violence. The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1984–1996), coded according to the DMM system (Crittenden & Landini, 2011), was used to identify the participant's self-protective attachment strategies, and to explore indexes indicating opportunities for change. To allow a more elaborated understanding of this participant's personality, AAI findings were compared and contrasted with the Rorschach method (Rorschach, 1921/1942). The AAI indicated unresolved loss and trauma, alternation between delusionally idealizing dismissive (Type A) and menacing-paranoid entangled (Type C) strategies, possible depression, and the potential for reorganization. The Rorschach showed many similarities with the AAI findings. Implications for the understanding of psychopathy, violence, and treatment are presented.

Marcas Psicológicas da Violência Doméstica Contra a Mulher

Domestic violence is considered a human rights violation and a public health issue. In its most common form is committed by intimate partner, in which is revealed the men's dominant behavior exercised over women in the privacy of the home and can cause serious problems in women's life quality. Considering the complexity of the problem, this research aims to identify the psychological and socio-demographic characteristics of four women located at Casa de Apoio a Mulher Vitima da Violencia in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. In accordance with qualitative methodological approach, it was a study of multiple cases using the following instruments: a personal and socio-demographic data sheet, Beck Scales, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and Rorschach Method (CS). The women in the research show signs of low self-esteem, clinical anxiety and depression, lack of ability to enter relationships, difficulties facing the stresses of everyday life, and difficulties to express their feelings.