Roots Of Instability Research Articles

Great Middle Eastern instability: Structural roots and uneven modernization 1960‐2012

AbstractThe paper deals with the structural roots of political instability in the Middle East that has been manifested by the Arab Spring throughout the region since early 2011. The roots of the instability are seen in cumulative effects of highly uneven long‐term social change in its three main dimensions since 1960s: (1) rapid social and demographic changes, (2) slower and fluctuating economic development, and (3) rigid political subsystem. The Middle Eastern uneven social change is also under way in a specific (4) cultural and (5) international context. The political instability is thus seen as a consequence of multiple and complex interactions among various dimensions of uneven modernisation process, Islamic political imagination and the international context. The paper deals with the interactions on the macro‐level and with its politically destabilizing consequences on micro‐level using selected examples of causal mechanisms. The Middle Eastern uneven modernisation pattern is systematically documented by empirical macro‐indicators and is compared with the modernisation process in other post‐colonial world macro‐regions.

Limit Cycle Occurrence During Reactive Power Generation by Interlinking Converter in Hybrid Microgrids

This paper is concerned with the analysis of an instability phenomenon, known as limit cycle, in hybrid microgrids (HMGs). The rapid growth of distributed energy resources and their integration into existing distribution networks has opened a new era for electricity generation and distribution markets. The appearance of microgrids, both in the form of ac and dc, is the result of this integration. When both ac and dc microgrids (AC-MGs and DC-MGs) are in the vicinity of each other, they can be interconnected via ac-dc converters, also known as interlinking converters (ICs). Such a structure allows more efficient use of all resources in the system by enabling energy exchange between DC- and AC-MGs. In this paper, it is shown how the reactive power compensation method in IC leads to unstable operation of the HMG. Detailed analysis of this instability reveals that it is caused by a phenomenon known as limit cycle. By knowing the roots of instability, it is possible to eliminate it. Then we studied how the limit cycle that occurred is avoided by nonlinear control techniques support. The analytical studies are backed up by the simulation of a sample HMG.

Physics-based stability analysis of MOS transistors

In this work, a physics-based model is derived based on a linearization procedure for investigating the electrical, thermal and electro-thermal instability of power metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistors. The proposed model can be easily interfaced with a circuit or device simulator to perform a failure analysis, making it particularly useful for power transistors. Furthermore, it allows mapping the failure points on a three-dimensional (3D) space defined by the gate-width normalized drain current, drain voltage and junction temperature. This leads to the definition of the Safe Operating Volume (SOV), a powerful frame work for making failure predictions and determining the main root of instability (electrical, thermal or electro-thermal) in different bias and operating conditions. A comparison between the modeled and the measured SOV of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) LDMOS transistors is reported to support the validity of the proposed stability analysis.

We are family? governance and the prospects for instability in Europe

While Europe has faced trials during the financial crisis and subsequent austerity, the European continent is still considered one of the most stable areas on the planet. This article argues, however, that there are overarching trends in Europe which, left unaddressed, will reinforce one another to cause instability. The article applies Arend Lijphart’s theory of consociational democracy, or elite accommodation, and Robert Putnam’s theory of the two-level game to European integration, using these theories as the lenses through which to view growing roots of instability in the European environment: demographic decline, immigration, populism, and educational and labor shortfalls. These trends are analyzed in terms of their magnitude and persistence as well as their social, economic, and political impacts on the EU member states, highlighting the choices the elite must make in order to successfully navigate those trends and preserve the European project.

Transatlantic Security Relations: An Irish Contribution

The June 2004 EU-US summit takes place at a time of great challenge and great opportunity in transatlantic relations. Thus, the Irish Presidency of the EU Council of Ministers has the potential to make an impact upon both the tenor and substance of those relations and, in the longer term, Ireland has its own national contribution to make to that relationship. The Union’s own response to the tragic events in Madrid, within the context of an ongoing battle against terrorism pursued on both sides of the Atlantic, gives a very particular focus to the bilateral agenda in the short to medium term. While much of this agenda is related to domestic security issues, it also has an impact upon bilateral security and defence relationships, EU-NATO relations and the struggle against the proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). This paper argues that, despite the challenges which face it, the Transatlantic alliance has the potential to make a positive and significant contribution to international peace and security – and one which focuses upon the roots of instability as well as dealing more effectively with the imminent physical threats that derive from such instability. It argues that the European Union and the United States have differing but perhaps complementary strengths and that the Irish EU Council Presidency has an opportunity to contribute to the development of a positive, strong and effective bilateral agenda.

Stiffness of Cable-based Parallel Manipulators With Application to Stability Analysis

The stiffness of cable-based robots is studied in this paper. Since antagonistic forces are essential for the operation of cable-based manipulators, their effects on the stiffness should be considered in the design, control, and trajectory planning of these manipulators. This paper studies this issue and derives the conditions under which a cable-based manipulator may become unstable because of the antagonistic forces. For this purpose, a new approach is introduced to calculate the total stiffness matrix. This approach shows that, for a cable-based manipulator with all cables in tension, the root of instability is a rotational stiffness caused by the internal cable forces. A set of sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the manipulator is stabilizable meaning that it never becomes unstable upon increasing the antagonistic forces. Stabilizability of a planar cable-based manipulator is studied as an example to illustrate this approach.

Albania and Kosovo: Roots of instability

Both Albania and Kosovo are extremely unstable at the moment. For Albania, stability in the long‐term is a realistic possibility, but the prospects for stability in Kosovo in the foreseeable future are far less promising. Instability in either country directly affects the broader Balkan region. Along with security concerns, this article argues that Canada also has humanitarian and human rights interests in Albania and Kosovo.

Linear Stability of Equatorial Zonal Flows

Abstract The instability of zonally and temporally invariant, equatorial, zonal flow is found to be tied directly to the presence of critical layers within the fluid. Insight into the mechanism of instability can, therefore, be gained through the use of the ideas of wave over-reflection. For idealized flows, where it can be directly applied, over-reflection successfully predicts the phase speed and wavelength of the most unstable waves. In complex flows, where application is difficult, the character of the energy exchanges is consistent with the ideas of over-reflection. Whereas at the scales of the tropical instability waves, instability arises by extracting energy from the background state through varying mixes of baroclinic, barotropic, and Kelvin-Helmholtz mechanisms (depending upon the details of the flow), the importance of the critical layer as the root of instability suggests that attempting to classify the instability through these energy conversions is misleading.

India's rise to power: in the twentieth century and beyond

Acronyms - List of Figures, Tables, Maps - Preface - Introduction - PART 1: THE MEANS TO POWER - Indian Science and Technology and the Defence Industries - Arming India - The Economy and Defence - Performance and Prospects - PART 2: LIMITS TO POWER - Instability and Power - The Roots of Instability - Politics, Instability and the South Asian Setting - Consequences of Instability - Breaking the Vicious Circle - PART 3: THE CONTEXT OF POWER - South Asia and the End of the Cold War - India and South Asia - The Southwest Asian Nexus - India 'looks East' - India as an Indian Ocean Power - Conclusion - Bibliography - Index

Tradition, Migration, Urbanization, Modernity, and Unemployment in Africa: The Roots of Instability

Tradition, Migration, Urbanization, Modernity, and Unemployment in Africa: The Roots of Instability

Tradition, Migration, Urbanization, Modernity, and Unemployment in Africa: The Roots of Instability

(1969). Tradition, Migration, Urbanization, Modernity, and Unemployment in Africa: The Roots of Instability. Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des etudes africaines: Vol. 3, Unemployment in Africa, pp. 343-365.