Root Stress Research Articles

Multiple-Bird-Strike Probability Model and Dynamic Response of Engine Fan Blades

Bird strikes pose one of the most significant threats to aviation safety, often leading to substantial loss of life and economic damage. Many bird strike incidents involve multiple birds. However, in previous bird strike studies, the problem of multiple bird strikes has often been neglected. In this paper, the bird slicing process of a rotating engine fan is examined, and a probability model is introduced to assess the risk of multiple impacts on the fan blades. In addition, this paper utilized an implicit–explicit calculation method. The parameters of blade root stress, tip displacement, plastic deformation, and energy were selected to investigate the effects of the time interval and strike position of a bird strike on the dynamic response of and damage to the blades. The results indicated that the position of bird strikes has a more pronounced effect on blade damage compared to the time interval between impacts. Damage to a blade is most severe when the blade root is struck multiple times. Multiple bird strikes may not always lead to a significant increase in maximum blade tip displacement, and may even have a dampening effect.

BR regulates wheat root salt tolerance by maintaining ROS homeostasis.

Trace amounts of epibrassinolide (EpiBL) could partially rescue wheat root length inhibition in salt-stressed situation by scavenging ROS, and ectopic expression of TaDWF4 or TaBAK1 enhances root salt tolerance in Arabidopsis by balancing ROS level. Salt stress often leads to ion toxicity and oxidative stress, causing cell structure damage and root development inhibition in plants. While prior research indicated the involvement of exogenous brassinosteroid (BR) in plant responses to salt stress, the precise cytological role and the function of BR in wheat root development under salt stress remain elusive. Our study demonstrates that 100mM NaCl solution inhibits wheat root development, but 5nM EpiBL partially rescues root length inhibition by decreasing H2O2 content, oxygen free radical (OFR) content, along with increasing the peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities in salt-stressed roots. The qRT-PCR experiment also shows that expression of the ROS-scavenging genes (GPX2 and CAT2) increased in roots after applying BR, especially during salt stress situation. Transcriptional analysis reveals decreased expression of BR synthesis and root meristem development genes under salt stress in wheat roots. Differential expression gene (DEG) enrichment analysis highlights the significant impact of salt stress on various biological processes, particularly "hydrogen peroxide catabolic process" and "response to oxidative stress". Additionally, the BR biosynthesis pathway is enriched under salt stress conditions. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of wheat BR synthesis gene TaDWF4 and BR signaling gene TaBAK1 in salt stress responses in roots. Our results demonstrate that ectopic expression of TaDWF4 or TaBAK1 enhances salt tolerance in Arabidopsis by balancing ROS (Reactive oxygen species) levels in roots.

Apo-siderophores promote growth of iron-deficient Arabidopsis plants by mobilizing iron from roots to shoots and reducing oxidative stress in roots

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for most organisms that is, however, poorly bioavailable in the soil. Acquiring this element is therefore a major issue for both plants and microorganisms. Bacteria acquire Fe by secreting siderophores that chelate the ferric ion with a high affinity and that can contribute to Fe nutrition in plants, under certain conditions including stressful ones. Our previous work has shown that pyoverdine, a siderophore purified from a beneficial Pseudomonas sp., leads to plant growth stimulation when supplied in its Fe-free form (apo-pyoverdine/apopyo) to Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown hydroponically under Fe-deficient conditions. To better understand siderophore-mediated growth promotion, we studied the impact of an apo-siderophore with a different structure from pyoverdine, deferoxamine (DFO), on the same model. Here we show that growth stimulation is linked to the ability of siderophores to chelate Fe, as DFO also promotes growth after 3 to 6 days when provided at 25 µM to 4-week-old A. thaliana plants starved for Fe for 1 to 7 days. The extent to which the siderophore stimulates root and shoot growth depends on the amount of Fe stored in the roots prior to the addition of DFO, and likely involves the remobilization of Fe from the roots to the shoots. The promotion of root growth by DFO does not appear to depend on coumarin production or secretion, but is associated with an increase in the expression of genes of the HOMOLOG OF BEE2 INTERACTING WITH IBH1 (HBI1)-dependent brassinosteroid signaling pathway. DFO stimulates lateral root elongation concomitant with a significant decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized glutathione levels and a decrease in stress-related gene expression in roots. In addition, DFO decreases the expression of the UPBEAT (UPB1) gene involved in H2O2-mediated root growth inhibition, and thus lifts the inhibition of the expression of its target genes, the class III peroxidases that stimulate root growth. Overall, this work indicates that growth promotion by apo-siderophores in an iron-poor environment is likely linked to their ability to induce a stronger response to Fe deficiency while decreasing oxidative stress in roots, thus stimulating Fe remobilization from root Fe pools to shoots and promoting secondary root growth.

Tooth Root Stress Prediction of Helical Gear Pair With Misalignment Errors Based on PSO-BP Neural Network

Tooth Root Stress Prediction of Helical Gear Pair With Misalignment Errors Based on PSO-BP Neural Network

Heterologous expression of the maize transcription factor ZmbHLH36 enhances abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are widely distributed in eukaryotes, and in plants, they regulate many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, development, metabolism, and stress responses. Few studies have focused on the roles of bHLH transcription factors in regulating growth, development, and stress responses in maize (Zea mays), even though such information would greatly benefit maize breeding programs. In this study, we cloned the maize transcription factor gene ZmbHLH36 (Gene ID: 100193615, GRMZM2G008691). ZmbHLH36 possesses conserved domains characteristic of the bHLH family. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that ZmbHLH36 was expressed at the highest level in maize roots and exhibited different expression patterns under various abiotic stress conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants heterologously expressing ZmbHLH36 had significantly longer roots than the corresponding non-transgenic plants under 0.1 and 0.15 mol L−1 NaCl treatment as well as 0.2 mol L−1 mannitol treatment. Phenotypic analysis of soil-grown plants under stress showed that transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring ZmbHLH36 exhibited significantly enhanced drought tolerance and salt tolerance compared to the corresponding non-transgenic plants. Malondialdehyde contents were lower and peroxidase activity was higher in ZmbHLH36-expressing Arabidopsis plants than in the corresponding non-transgenic plants. ZmbHLH36 localized to the nucleus when expressed in maize protoplasts. This study provides a systematic analysis of the effects of ZmbHLH36 on root growth, development, and stress responses in transgenic Arabidopsis, laying a foundation for further analysis of its roles and molecular mechanisms in maize.

Approaches to reducing gear mass and their effects on gearing stresses and deformations

AbstractThis study compares empirical and topology optimization methods for reducing gear body mass. Specimens produced via empirical guidelines and topology optimization were compared to referent full-disc gear, focusing on stresses and deformations. Values were determined numerically (Ansys was used) and the calculation method was verified using ISO 6336. The empirical approach exhibited substantial increases in stress and deformation while topology optimization method had promising outcomes. While decreasing mass, it also diminished tooth root stress on the tensile side by 17.1%.

Integrated physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide insights into phosphorus-mediated cadmium detoxification in Salix caprea roots

Phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in facilitating plant adaptation to cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying P-mediated responses to Cd stress in roots remain elusive. This study investigates the effects of P on the growth, physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome of Salix caprea under Cd stress. The results indicate that Cd significantly inhibits plant growth, while sufficient P alleviates this inhibition. Under Cd exposure, P sufficiency resulted in increased Cd accumulation in roots, along with reduced oxidative stress levels (superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide contents were reduced by 16.8% and 30.1%, respectively). This phenomenon can be attributed to the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as increased levels of antioxidants including ascorbic acid (AsA) and flavonoids under sufficient P conditions. A total of 4208 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 552 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in the transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, with 2596 DEGs and 113 DAMs identified among treatments with different P levels under Cd stress, respectively. Further combined analyses reveal the potential roles of several pathways in P-mediated Cd detoxification, including flavonoid biosynthesis, ascorbate biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Notably, sufficient P upregulates the expression of genes including HMA, ZIP, NRAMP and CAX, all predicted to localize to the cell membrane. This may elucidate the heightened Cd accumulation under sufficient P conditions. These findings provide insights into the roles of P in enhancing plant resistance to Cd stress and improving of phytoremediation.

Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Complex Regulation Mechanisms Underlying Rice Roots' Response to Salt Stress.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a crucial food crop that sustains over half the world's population, is often hindered by salt stress during various growth stages, ultimately causing a decrease in yield. However, the specific mechanism of rice roots' response to salt stress remains largely unknown. In this study, transcriptomics and lipidomics were used to analyze the changes in the lipid metabolism and gene expression profiles of rice roots in response to salt stress. The results showed that salt stress significantly inhibited rice roots' growth and increased the roots' MDA content. Furthermore, 1286 differentially expressed genes including 526 upregulated and 760 downregulated, were identified as responding to salt stress in rice roots. The lipidomic analysis revealed that the composition and unsaturation of membrane lipids were significantly altered. In total, 249 lipid molecules were differentially accumulated in rice roots as a response to salt stress. And most of the major phospholipids, such as phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylserine (PS), as well as major sphingolipids including ceramide (Cer), phytoceramide (CerP), monohexose ceramide (Hex1Cer), and sphingosine (SPH), were significantly increased, while the triglyceride (TG) molecules decreased. These results suggested that rice roots mitigate salt stress by altering the fluidity and integrity of cell membranes. This study enhances our comprehension of salt stress, offering valuable insights into changes in the lipids and adaptive lipid remodeling in rice's response to salt stress.

The NAC056 transcription factor confers freezing tolerance by positively regulating expression of CBFs and NIA1 in Arabidopsis

Freezing stress can seriously affect plant growth and development, but the mechanisms of these effects and plant responses to freezing stress require further exploration. Here, we identified a NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 (NAC)-family transcription factor (TF), NAC056, that can promote freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. NAC056 mRNA levels are strongly induced by freezing stress in roots, and the nac056 mutant exhibits compromised freezing tolerance. NAC056 acts positively in response to freezing by directly promoting key C-repeat-binding factor (CBF) pathway genes. Interestingly, we found that CBF1 regulates nitrate assimilation by regulating the nitrate reductase gene NIA1 in plants; therefore, NAC056–CBF1–NIA1 form a regulatory module for the assimilation of nitrate and the growth of roots under freezing stress. In addition, 35S::NAC056 transgenic plants show enhanced freezing tolerance, which is partially reversed in the cbfs triple mutant. Thus, NAC056 confers freezing tolerance through the CBF pathway, mediating plant responses to balance growth and freezing stress tolerance.

Light Intensity: A Key Ecological Factor in Determining the Growth of Pseudolarix amabilis Seedlings

The notable absence of juvenile Pseudolarix amabilis trees in forest understories suggests their vulnerability to ecological niche competition, leading to limited survival prospects. This study examines the key factors limiting the growth of P. amabilis seedlings by investigating the effects of five ecological factors: light intensity, rainfall, groundwater level, soil type, and type of fertilization, on the growth of one-year-old P. amabilis seedlings. Our results demonstrate that increasing the light intensity promotes plant growth by augmenting the leaf count, leaf biomass, plant height, stem biomass, root biomass, and total biomass. Further analysis reveals that increased light intensity influences biomass allocation, reducing the specific leaf area and leaf–stem biomass ratio, and favoring root and stem growth over leaf investment. Rainfall, groundwater level, fertilization type, and rhizosphere soil type primarily influence root growth by impacting the soil’s physicochemical properties. Specifically, rising groundwater levels lower the soil temperature and increase the soil moisture, total potassium content, and soil pH, leading to reductions in root biomass, plant height, net height increment, leaf number, and total biomass. When groundwater levels reach 21 cm and 28 cm, submerging the surface soil layer, root biomass decreases by 1.6 g/plant (−51.6%) and 2.3 g/plant (−74.2%), respectively. Further analysis reveals a gradual decrease in the root–shoot ratio above the 14 cm groundwater level, while the specific leaf area and leaf–stem biomass ratio remains unaffected, indicating stronger belowground root stress compared to aboveground stem and leaf components. The results highlight light intensity as the key ecological factor determining the growth of P. amabilis seedlings. These findings underscore the importance of considering light intensity in the management of natural stands, the cultivation of artificial forests, and the nursery cultivation of endangered P. amabilis.

Optimization of lubrication characteristics of wind turbine’s transmission system based on Newton Raphson method

To improve the reliability and lifespan of wind turbines, this paper takes the two-stage fixed shaft gearbox experimental platform of wind turbines as the research object. Based on Hertz contact theory, the oil film pressure and thickness in the contact area are solved by combining the equations of elastohydrodynamic lubrication and the Newton Raphson method; And the lubrication characteristics of the transmission system were analyzed to verify the correctness of the method; At the same time, in response to partial load phenomenon caused by system coupling deformation, genetic algorithm was selected to modify the gear teeth. The results show that the max unit load on the tooth face and the maximum stress of tooth root decreased by up to 26.48 % and up to 20.35 % respectively after modification which can improve the uneven distribution of oil film and the lubrication performance of the tooth surface.

A review: Revealing the important of bio stimulant coated microbeads biofertilizers for improving the effectiveness of inoculant for enhancing the agronomic traits and productivity of crops

The utilization of biofertilizers and inoculants has emerged as a promising strategy in modern agriculture to bolster crop productivity sustainably. However, maximizing the effectiveness of these microbial agents remains a challenge. To address this, biostimulant-coated microbeads biofertilizers have been introduced, aiming to enhance the interaction between microorganisms and plants. These innovative formulations combine biofertilizers with biostimulants, substances that stimulate biological activity in the soil and enhance plant nutrient absorption. Biostimulant-coated microbeads are designed to improve agronomic traits such as root growth, disease resistance, and stress tolerance, ultimately leading to increased crop yields. Various studies have demonstrated the efficacy of biostimulant-coated microbeads in enhancing nutrient uptake, promoting plant growth, and reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers. However, several challenges persist in their implementation, including ensuring efficacy and consistency, navigating regulatory frameworks, achieving cost-effectiveness, and promoting awareness among farmers. Addressing these challenges through research, innovation, and education is crucial for the successful integration and widespread adoption of biostimulant-coated microbeads in sustainable agriculture.

Glutamine induces lateral root initiation, stress responses, and disease resistance in Arabidopsis.

The production of glutamine (Gln) from NO3- and NH4+ requires ATP, reducing power, and carbon skeletons. Plants may redirect these resources to other physiological processes using Gln directly. However, feeding Gln as the sole nitrogen (N) source has complex effects on plants. Under optimal concentrations, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings grown on Gln have similar primary root lengths, more lateral roots, smaller leaves, and higher amounts of amino acids and proteins compared to those grown on NH4NO3. While high levels of Gln accumulate in Arabidopsis seedlings grown on Gln, the expression of GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE1; 1 (GLN1; 1), GLN1; 2, and GLN1; 3 encoding cytosolic GS1 increases and expression of GLN2 encoding chloroplastic GS2 decreases. These results suggest that Gln has distinct effects on regulating GLN1 and GLN2 gene expression. Notably, Arabidopsis seedlings grown on Gln have an unexpected gene expression profile. Compared with NH4NO3, which activates growth-promoting genes, Gln preferentially induces stress- and defense-responsive genes. Consistent with the gene expression data, exogenous treatment with Gln enhances disease resistance in Arabidopsis. The induction of Gln-responsive genes, including PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1, SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1, WRKY54, and WALL ASSOCIATED KINASE1, is compromised in salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic and signaling mutants under Gln treatments. Together, these results suggest that Gln may partly interact with the SA pathway to trigger plant immunity.

Clonal integration of stress signal induces morphological and physiological response of root within clonal network.

Clonal integration of defense or stress signal induced systemic resistance in leaf of interconnected ramets. However, similar effects of stress signal in root are poorly understood within clonal network. Clonal fragments of Centella asiaticas with first-young, second-mature, third-old and fourth-oldest ramets were used to investigate transportation or sharing of stress signal among interconnected ramets suffering from low water availability. Compared with control, oxidative stress in root of the first-young, second-mature and third-old ramets was significantly alleviated by exogenous ABA application to the fourth-oldest ramets as well as enhancement of antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT and APX) activities and osmoregulation ability. Surface area and volume in root of the first-young ramets were significantly increased and total length in root of the third-old ramets was significantly decreased. POD activity in root of the fourth-oldest and third-old ramets was significantly enhanced by exogenous ABA application to the first-young ramets. Meanwhile, total length and surface area in root of the fourth-oldest and third-old ramets were significantly decreased. Ratio of belowground to aboveground biomass in the whole clonal fragments was significantly increased by exogenous ABA application to the fourth-oldest or first-young ramets. It is suggested that transportation or sharing of stress signal may induce systemic resistance in root of interconnected ramets. Specially, transportation or sharing of stress signal against phloem flow was observed in the experiment. Possible explanation is that rapid recovery of foliar photosynthesis in first-young ramets subjected to exogenous ABA application can partially reverse phloem flow within clonal network. Thus, our experiment provides insight into ecological implication on clonal integration of stress signal.

Efficient semi-analytic method for single tooth contact analysis of loaded spiral bevel gears

Accurately and fast calculation of single tooth load contact state of a gear pair is the basis for accurate calculation of multi-tooth load contact analysis. Therefore, this study proposed a semi-analytical quick single tooth load tooth contact analysis (Q-SLTCA) method. First, the ease-off tooth contact analysis (ease-off TCA) method was established, and a numerically stable initial contact stress distribution and contact ellipse analytical model was derived. Then, considering the influence of edge contact, the real-time division method of gear tooth slice was derived. Based on this, the equivalent principle of contact elliptical node and the load correction strategy were innovatively proposed. Then, the calculation method of the meshing characteristics of the tooth slice was established by coupling the boundary element method (BEM) with the equivalent cylindrical Hertz contact theory. The bending deformation, tooth root stress distribution, contact stress, contact deformation and meshing stiffness of the tooth slice were analyzed and calculated, and the instantaneous meshing stiffness of the single tooth was determined by combining the parallel method of the gear tooth stiffness. Finally, a single-tooth finite element method (FEM) meshing model was created for comparison with the method in this study, which verified the calculation accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. This method can be easily developed into a quick multi-tooth load contact analysis algorithm, which can provide a new method for gear tooth crack and failure analysis.

Silicon improves root functioning and water management as well as alleviates oxidative stress in oilseed rape under drought conditions.

The aim of our study was to examine how silicon regulates water uptake by oilseed rape roots under drought conditions and which components of the antioxidant system take part in alleviating stress-induced ROS generation in the roots. The study analyzed mainly the changes in the roots and also some changes in the leaves of oilseed rape plants, including total silicon content, relative water content, osmotic potential, stomatal conductance, abscisic acid level, the accumulation of BnPIP1, BnPIP2-1-7 and BnTIP1 aquaporins, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. It was shown that plants growing in well-watered conditions and supplemented with silicon accumulate smaller amounts of this element in the roots and also have higher relative water content in the leaves compared to the control plants. It was demonstrated for the first time that BnTIP1 accumulation in oilseed rape roots is reduced under drought compared to wellwatered plants, and that this effect is intensified in plants supplemented with silicon. In addition, it was shown that silicon supplementation of oilseed rape increases catalase activity in the roots, which correlates with their high metabolic activity under drought and ultimately stimulates their growth. It was shown that silicon improves water balance in oilseed rape plants subjected to drought stress, and that an important role in these processes is played by tonoplast aquaporins. In addition, it was demonstrated that silicon reduces oxidative stress in roots under drought conditions by increasing the activity of catalase.

Assessing the effects of interference fit assembly on gear tooth surface deviations

When shafts and gears are assembled with an interference fit, the tight connection between the two parts is achieved through deformation. To maximize the amount of torque the gear assembly can transmit, it becomes necessary to apply the maximum possible interference fit. However, this will cause areas of high stress in the gear root and deformations that adversely affect the contacting surfaces of the gears. In this work, the modified gear tooth surfaces that provide the desired meshing and contact conditions considering the deformations caused by the interference fit assembly will be established. For that, a finite element (FE) model will be developed to simulate gear-shaft interference fits by the finite element method. The FE model will comprise the entire gear along with the corresponding portion of the shaft, replicating the intended interference fit. Consequently, the model will enable the determination of the stresses at the root of the gear teeth as well as the deviations throughout the active gear tooth surfaces. With them, the deviated gear tooth surfaces will be reconstructed and virtually inspected by using the IGD computer program. Thus, the deviations caused by the interference fit will be assessed and the needed modifications of the gear tooth surfaces established to have these deviations compensated. A numerical example of design and compensation of deviations caused by interference fit assembly is presented.

Effect of Rim and Web Thickness on Tooth Root Stress of Spur Gear

This study investigated the impact of spur gear rim and web thickness on root stress. A finite-element analysis model (FEM) was utilized and validated through a gear-bending test. Four gears with different rim and web specifications, including a solid gear, were designed and tested using strain gages to measure their root stress. The 3D FEM was validated by comparing the measured root stresses with that analyzed by the developed FEM. Using this model, a parametric study was conducted by varying the web position, pressure angle, and module to investigate the effect of the backup ratio on the root stress ratio of the gear. A stress-ratio map was generated based on the results. This stress-ratio map was compared with the rim thickness factor (YB\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${Y}_{B}$$\\end{document}) for external spur gears specified in ISO 6336-3. The comparison reveals that the rim thickness factor specified in ISO 6336 is overly conservative compared to values obtained in this study. Our results suggest that the thickness of both the rim and web should be considered to reduce the weight of spur gears. These findings can be applied to the design of lightweight spur gears.

Theoretical and experimental research on tooth root bending stress of face gear

A tooth root bending stress analysis method is proposed to study the tooth surface load distribution and tooth root bending stress during the meshing process of orthogonal face gear. Firstly, the tooth surface equation, transition surface equation and tooth width constraints are derived. Then, Through the tooth contact analysis (TCA), the contact path and spots of the face gear pair are obtained. What’s more, the proposed method based on Load tooth contact analysis (LTCA) is utilized to calculate the tooth surface load distribution and root bending stress of the face gear along the mesh cycle and compared with the finite element method. Meanwhile, root bending stress tests were carried out to verify the proposed method. The comparisons indicate that the proposed method has higher computational efficiency compared with the finite element method (e.g. the finite element method takes about 5 h for a mesh cycle and the proposed method costs 40 s). The results show that the tooth surface load distribution and root bending stress of the proposed method are consistent with those obtained by the finite element method and gear root stress experiment.

Functional and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Specific Roles of Dimocarpus longan DlRan3A and DlRan3B in Root Hair Development, Reproductive Growth, and Stress Tolerance.

Ran GTPases play essential roles in plant growth and development. Our previous studies revealed the nuclear localization of DlRan3A and DlRan3B proteins and proposed their functional redundancy and distinction in Dimocarpus longan somatic embryogenesis, hormone, and abiotic stress responses. To further explore the possible roles of DlRan3A and DlRan3B, gene expression analysis by qPCR showed that their transcripts were both more abundant in the early embryo and pulp in longan. Heterologous expression of DlRan3A driven by its own previously cloned promoter led to stunted growth, increased root hair density, abnormal fruits, bigger seeds, and enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. Conversely, constitutive promoter CaMV 35S (35S)-driven expression of DlRan3A, 35S, or DlRan3B promoter-controlled expression of DlRan3B did not induce the alterations in growth phenotype, while they rendered different hypersensitivities to abiotic stresses. Based on the transcriptome profiling of longan Ran overexpression in tobacco plants, we propose new mechanisms of the Ran-mediated regulation of genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis and expansion. Also, the transgenic plants expressing DlRan3A or DlRan3B genes controlled by 35S or by their own promoter all exhibited altered mRNA levels of stress-related and transcription factor genes. Moreover, DlRan3A overexpressors were more tolerant to salinity, osmotic, and heat stresses, accompanied by upregulation of oxidation-related genes, possibly involving the Ran-RBOH-CIPK network. Analysis of a subset of selected genes from the Ran transcriptome identified possible cold stress-related roles of brassinosteroid (BR)-responsive genes. The marked presence of genes related to cell wall biosynthesis and expansion, hormone, and defense responses highlighted their close regulatory association with Ran.