Root Cause Research Articles

Root Cause Analysis: Unraveling Common Laboratory Challenges.

Diverse errors occur in a pathology laboratory and manual mistakes are the most common. There are various advancements to replace manual procedures with digitized automation techniques. Guidelines and protocols are available to run a standard pathology laboratory. But, even with such attempts to reinforce and strengthen the protocols, the complete elimination of errors is yet not possible. Root cause analysis (RCA) is the best way forward to develop an error-free laboratory, In this review, the importance of RCA, common errors taking place in laboratories, methods to carry out RCA, and its effectiveness are discussed in detail. The review also highlights the potential of RCA to provide long-term quality improvement and efficient laboratory management.

Investigating healthcare workforce recruitment and retention: a mixed-methods study protocol

IntroductionAlthough the sustainability of the health workforce has been identified as essential to achieving health and wider development objectives, challenges with securing and retaining the healthcare workforce persist. In the...

Implementation of Nawa Cita's 5th Agenda in The Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach

ABSTRACT The Healthy Indonesia Program is one of Nawa Cita's 5th agenda programs to improve the quality of life of Indonesian people. PIS-PK at the Nipah Community Health Center in 2022 has not achieved 100% on all indicators, so an assessment of the input, process and output is needed to determine the implementation of PIS-PK at the Nipah Community Health Center as a first step to finding the root cause of the problem. This research was conducted at the Nipah Community Health Center, using a case study approach with descriptive analysis. The data collection method is through observation, document review and FGD with 6 key informants. The results found that the implementation of PIS-PK on input indicators was still not optimal in the aspects of human resources, facilities and infrastructure, and funding. In the process indicator, further intervention has not been implemented in families that are in the unhealthy category and the IKS output indicator is at 0.16 < 0.80, which means it is in the unhealthy category. So it can be concluded that the implementation of PIS-PK at the Nipah Community Health Center has not been carried out optimally. Keywords: Public, Health, Policy

Challenges in patient-centered germline testing delivery for veterans with advanced prostate cancer (APC).

71 Background: In a quest to tailor care to tumor biology, oncologists now offer germline testing to all patients with APC. We explored the degree to which germline testing decisions reflect patient preferences about potential benefits and harms discussed by oncologists. Methods: We conducted a prospective qualitative study of consecutive patients with APC who were offered germline testing at an oncology visit at the San Francisco VA. We audio-recorded visits and conducted semi-structured interviews using a theory-informed guide with patients after their visit to understand their decision-making process for germline testing. We analyzed the interviews using the Critical Incident Technique to identify positive or negative deviations from well-informed, preference-based decisions. We also reviewed consent documentation in the electronic health record. Results: Of 61 patients approached, 30 completed interviews after their germline testing discussion. Mean age was 75y; 19 (63%) were White, 9 (30%) Black, and 2 (6%) Other race; and 13 (43%) were service-connected for APC. Twenty-six (87%) patients consented to germline testing; the primary reasons were altruistic (to help family and contribute to knowledge). Four patients (13%) declined testing, all primarily due to the fear of potential loss or reduction of service-connected benefits. All four patients reported they would reconsider testing if assured that these benefits would be protected regardless of test results. Of the four patients, two had initially consented to testing with their oncologist but later changed their minds and did not notify anyone. The two patients received germline testing when they underwent PSA testing, but they were not aware that they had germline testing performed. Both had negative test results, and they therefore did not experience threats to their service-connected benefits. Conclusions: Some Veterans with service-connected benefits for APC decline germline testing due to the fear of potential loss or reduction of these benefits, thereby foregoing potential treatment benefits. An advisory board is working with the Veterans Benefits Administration to protect service-connected benefits for these Veterans. In addition, a few Veterans may agree to germline testing with their oncologist, but then change their minds due to concerns surrounding service-connected benefits. From a quality improvement perspective, the experiences of the patients in this study who changed their minds counts as a near-miss. Although uptake of germline testing was high in this cohort, current workflows may need to be addressed to account for a change of heart, and further research is needed to understand root causes and identify possible remedies of the near-misses. Overall, our findings illustrate the importance of informed consent for germline testing to ensure that results are desired and valued by both oncologist and patient.

Improving the emergency services using quality improvement project and Donabedian model in a quaternary teaching hospital in South India

IntroductionThe primary goal of quality improvement is to enhance patient outcomes, particularly in the emergency department (ED). Timely and effective care is crucial in these situations. By comprehending the challenges,...

Dextrose-containing fluids causing false-positive serum galactomannan: a case-control study and interrupted time series analysis

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the cause of false-positive serum Aspergillus antigen galactomannan (GM) results in our centre. MethodsWe performed a case-control study aiming to elucidate the factors associated with false-positive GM results. Independent risk factors for false-positive GM were evaluated through a multivariable regression analysis. An interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention removing the identified factors. ResultsAmong 568 patients tested, GM was positive in 130 patients of whom 97 had false-positive GM (cases). These were compared with 427 patients with true-negative GM (controls). Administration of dextrose-containing fluids within 6 days before GM testing was an independent predictor for false-positive GM results (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 18.60; 95% CI, 8.95–38.66. An analysis of GM presence in different dextrose-containing fluids revealed positivity in 34.8% (8 of 23) (manufacturer A) and 33.3% (5 of 15) (manufacturer B) of the samples. Investigation of the manufacturing process revealed that the saccharification process employed enzymes derived from Aspergillus niger. After identifying the root cause of false positivity, GM-containing dextrose fluid use was restricted. Interrupted time series analysis showed an immediate reduction of GM false-positivity (−6.5% per week, p = 0.045) and a declining trend (−0.33% per week, p = 0.005) postintervention. ConclusionsAdministering dextrose-containing fluids was the primary factor causing false-positive serum Aspergillus antigen GM assay results. Our investigation led to a modification of the manufacturing process of the dextrose-containing fluids.

Automated Mapping Methodology and Case Study of Healthcare User Activities and Spaces from a Sustainable Perspective

Operational inefficiencies in healthcare buildings and sustainability issues have become increasingly prominent. The root cause of this phenomenon is the irregular and incomplete structured data related to hospital user activities and spaces that are difficult to resolve using traditional manual methods. In order to solve this problem, an automated mapping approach is presented for hospital user activity and space. Using the Revit API technology and the C# language on the Visual Studio platform, a program for automated mapping is developed. It achieves the automatic mapping of hospital user activities and spaces, along with automatic calculation of utilization rates. An illustrative case study is conducted, focusing on the activity data and building space utilization of healthcare users at Shanghai Renji Hospital. The results indicate that (1) This method can realize the automatic combination of hospital user activities and hospital spaces, and hospital administrators can optimize the utilization rate of hospital spaces quickly and accurately. (2) This approach is highly adaptable, especially to changes in hospital user activities and hospital spatial data. (3) This method promotes the sustainable development of healthcare buildings and has great practical application value.

Role of Machine Learning in Cybersecurity: Techniques and Challenges

Abstract: Machine learning (ML) plays a crucial role in cybersecurity across various aspects of threat detection, prevention, and response. Here are specific roles and applications of machine learning in cybersecurity. Machine Learning (ML) represents a pivotal technology for current and future information systems, and many domains already leverage the capabilities of ML. However, deployment of ML in cybersecurity is still at an early stage, revealing a significant discrepancy between research and practice. Such a discrepancy has its root cause in the current state of the art, which does not allow us to identify the role of ML in cybersecurity. The full potential of ML will never be unleashed unless its pros and cons are understood by a broad audience. In the computer world, data science is the force behind the recent dramatic changes in cybersecurity's operations and technologies. The secret to making a security system automated and intelligent is to extract patterns or insights related to security incidents from cybersecurity data and construct appropriate data-driven models. Data science, also known as diverse scientific approaches, machine learning techniques, processes, and systems, is the study of actual occurrences via the use of data. Recent breakthroughs in Machine Learning (ML) methods promise new solutions to each of these infamous diversification and asymmetric information problems throughout the constantly increasing vulnerability reporting data-bases. Due to their varied methodologies, those procedures themselves display varying levels of performance. The authors provide a method for cognitive cybersecurity that enhances human cognitive capacity in two ways. To create trustworthy data sets, initially reconcile competing vulnerability reports and then pre-process advanced embedded indicators

Role of Machine Learning in Cybersecurity: Techniques and Challenges

Abstract: Machine learning (ML) plays a crucial role in cybersecurity across various aspects of threat detection, prevention, and response. Here are specific roles and applications of machine learning in cybersecurity. Machine Learning (ML) represents a pivotal technology for current and future information systems, and many domains already leverage the capabilities of ML. However, deployment of ML in cybersecurity is still at an early stage, revealing a significant discrepancy between research and practice. Such a discrepancy has its root cause in the current state of the art, which does not allow us to identify the role of ML in cybersecurity. The full potential of ML will never be unleashed unless its pros and cons are understood by a broad audience. In the computer world, data science is the force behind the recent dramatic changes in cybersecurity's operations and technologies. The secret to making a security system automated and intelligent is to extract patterns or insights related to security incidents from cybersecurity data and construct appropriate data-driven models. Data science, also known as diverse scientific approaches, machine learning techniques, processes, and systems, is the study of actual occurrences via the use of data. Recent breakthroughs in Machine Learning (ML) methods promise new solutions to each of these infamous diversification and asymmetric information problems throughout the constantly increasing vulnerability reporting data-bases. Due to their varied methodologies, those procedures themselves display varying levels of performance. The authors provide a method for cognitive cybersecurity that enhances human cognitive capacity in two ways. To create trustworthy data sets, initially reconcile competing vulnerability reports and then pre-process advanced embedded indicators

The Government's Role in Enforcing the Law Against Perpetrators of Terrorism

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the government's role in countering terrorism in Indonesia, analyze the legal and institutional frameworks, and emphasize the significance of international collaboration in addressing the global nature of terrorism.
 
 Theoritical Framework: The theoretical framework for understanding counterterrorism dynamics in Indonesia integrates diverse perspectives. Drawing from criminology, the Routine Activity Theory explores root causes, emphasizing socio-political, economic, and ideological factors. The Legal Process Theory elucidates interactions within legal institutions, such as the Indonesian National Police, military, and BNPT. The framework advocates a holistic counterterrorism approach for societal security and global stability.
 
 Methodology: The research methodology combines normative juridical analysis with a thorough examination of legal literature and secondary data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal and conceptual framework underlying the government's role in countering terrorism in Indonesia.
 
 Findings: The Indonesian government has implemented a multifaceted strategy to combat terrorism, featuring specialized units like Densus 88 and the National Agency for Combating Terrorism (BNPT). Densus 88, part of the National Police, handles various terrorist threats, while BNPT formulates and implements national anti-terrorism policies. The establishment of the State Intelligence Agency (BIN) enhances intelligence capabilities. Recognizing terrorism's global nature, international cooperation is crucial. The study emphasizes the need for robust government policies, effective law enforcement, and collaboration to address terrorism's societal impact comprehensively.
 
 Research, Practical & Social implications: The research significantly contributes to academic understanding by comprehensively exploring terrorism, government policies, and law enforcement in Indonesia, employing a normative juridical methodology. With practical implications, it highlights the need for robust government policies, emphasizing the roles of key institutions like the Indonesian National Police, BNPT, and the military. Practical applications involve fostering collaboration, implementing preventive measures, and prioritizing international cooperation. Socially, the research underscores the government's vital role in ensuring societal security, promoting a collective sense of safety and resilience against terrorism.
 
 Originality/value: The study stem from its comprehensive exploration of terrorism, in-depth analysis of the government's role and legal institutions, highlighting international cooperation, and providing a holistic approach with practical policy recommendations. The integration of a normative juridical methodology further enhances the research's academic rigor and contributes to the understanding of legal aspects related to counterterrorism efforts.

Elucidating Gas Evolution of Prussian White Cathodes for Sodium‐ion Battery Application: The Effect of Electrolyte and Moisture

AbstractAs global energy storage demand increases, sodium‐ion batteries are often considered as an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries. Hexacyanoferrate cathodes, commonly referred to as Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), are of particular interest due their low‐cost synthesis and promising electrochemical response. However, because they consist of ~50 wt% cyanide anions, a possible release of highly toxic cyanide gases poses a significant safety risk. Previously, we observed the evolution of (CN)2 during cycling via differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), but were unable to determine a root cause or mechanism. In this work, we present a systematical investigation of the gas evolution of Prussian white (PW) with different water content via DEMS. While H2 is the main gas detected, especially in hydrated PW and during overcharge (4.6 V vs. Na+/Na), the evolution of CO2 and (CN)2 depends on the electrolyte conductive salt. The use of oxidative NaClO4 instead of NaPF6 is the leading cause for the formation of (CN)2. Mass spectrometric evidence of trace amounts of HCN is also found, but to a much lower extent than (CN)2, which is the dominant safety risk when using NaClO4‐containing electrolyte, which despite being a good model salt, is not a viable option for commercial applications.

Is the insomnia phenotype the common denominator in LUTS during transition periods? An expert NOPIA research group review.

As people age, sleep stages and characteristics transition over time, but sleep deficits can profoundly impact health and cognitive functioning. Chronic sleep deprivation is linked to impaired attention and productivity, weakened immunity, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and mental health disorders. Insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, hormonal changes, nocturia, neurological disorders, and life events interfere with sleep patterns and some are linked to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This NOPIA symposium on Lifelong LUTS aimed to analyze the literature on associations between sleep and LUTS, generate ideas for future research, and explore whether there is support for the concept of lifelong LUTS in relation to changes in sleep throughout the lifespan. An international panel of experts took part in an online meeting addressing the role of lifelong LUTS in relationship to sleep and the brain organized by the NOPIA research group. The manuscript summarizes existing literature, hypotheses, future research ideas, and clinical recommendations. Insomnia, sleep fragmentation, hyperarousal, and sensory processing disorders emerged as potential factors in the relationship between sleep and LUTS. Insomnia is often a persistent factor and may have been the initial symptom; however, it is often unrecognized and/or unaddressed in healthcare settings. By recognizing insomnia as a primary driver of various health issues, including nocturia, transitional care aims to address root causes and underlying problems earlier to initiate appropriate treatment. A multidisciplinary approach with collaboration between healthcare professionals from various disciplines, such as urology, sleep medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, and geriatrics, is needed and should include validated measurements such as the insomnia severity index and sleep and voiding diaries. Ensuring ongoing follow-up and monitoring through transitional care is crucial for individuals with persistent sleep problems and LUTS, allowing issues that arise or fluctuate over the lifespan to be addressed.

Effects of frequency on the AC flash sintering behavior and microstructure of Ga-LLZO

In this paper, the effects of frequency on the flash sintering behavior and microstructure of Li6.4Ga0.2La3Zr2O12(0.2Ga-LLZO) were investigated. The results showed that an increase in frequency had little effect on the onset temperature, but this increase reduced the duration of the weak current stage the incubation stage. Moreover, this phenomenon led to a decrease in the power loss during the constant current stage. Scanning Electron Microscope images showed that the microstructure was symmetrically distributed, and the uniformity increased with increasing frequency. Finite element simulations and an IR thermocamera were used to analyze the temperatures of the specimens. The symmetric distribution of temperature during the flash sintering process was the root cause. The results of AC impedance spectroscopy showed that when the frequency of flash sintering was ≥ 400 Hz, the ionic conductivity of Ga-LLZO was greater than that of conventional sintering. The results of this work demonstrated the important role of frequency in controlling the microstructures of ceramic materials in flash sintering.

Gravity Spy: lessons learned and a path forward

The Gravity Spy project aims to uncover the origins of glitches, transient bursts of noise that hamper analysis of gravitational-wave data. By using both the work of citizen-science volunteers and machine learning algorithms, the Gravity Spy project enables reliable classification of glitches. Citizen science and machine learning are intrinsically coupled within the Gravity Spy framework, with machine learning classifications providing a rapid first-pass classification of the dataset and enabling tiered volunteer training, and volunteer-based classifications verifying the machine classifications, bolstering the machine learning training set and identifying new morphological classes of glitches. These classifications are now routinely used in studies characterizing the performance of the LIGO gravitational-wave detectors. Providing the volunteers with a training framework that teaches them to classify a wide range of glitches, as well as additional tools to aid their investigations of interesting glitches, empowers them to make discoveries of new classes of glitches. This demonstrates that, when giving suitable support, volunteers can go beyond simple classification tasks to identify new features in data at a level comparable to domain experts. The Gravity Spy project is now providing volunteers with more complicated data that includes auxiliary monitors of the detector to identify the root cause of glitches.

Iatrogenic Alzheimer’s disease in recipients of cadaveric pituitary-derived growth hormone

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in brain parenchyma and blood vessels (as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)) and by neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. Compelling genetic and biomarker evidence supports Aβ as the root cause of AD. We previously reported human transmission of Aβ pathology and CAA in relatively young adults who had died of iatrogenic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (iCJD) after childhood treatment with cadaver-derived pituitary growth hormone (c-hGH) contaminated with both CJD prions and Aβ seeds. This raised the possibility that c-hGH recipients who did not die from iCJD may eventually develop AD. Here we describe recipients who developed dementia and biomarker changes within the phenotypic spectrum of AD, suggesting that AD, like CJD, has environmentally acquired (iatrogenic) forms as well as late-onset sporadic and early-onset inherited forms. Although iatrogenic AD may be rare, and there is no suggestion that Aβ can be transmitted between individuals in activities of daily life, its recognition emphasizes the need to review measures to prevent accidental transmissions via other medical and surgical procedures. As propagating Aβ assemblies may exhibit structural diversity akin to conventional prions, it is possible that therapeutic strategies targeting disease-related assemblies may lead to selection of minor components and development of resistance.

Quality balanced scorecard for the outpatient clinic

The quality audit system for healthcare in various countries is based on the quality of medical services, the satisfaction of the patient and his relatives, as well as the quality of medical documentation. At the same time, quality indicators of healthcare facilities include criteria of the social and economic efficiency. Often these groups of indicators are considered by researchers separately from each other, and the literature available does not show balanced approaches to combining indicators from different groups within one process, which served as the basis for this work.Aim. The article is devoted to identifying the specifics of quality balanced scorecard for outpatient clinic using the example of the results of preventive examination for children in the first year of life.Material and methods. The study of quality indicators of the outpatient clinic was carried out from 2019 to 2023. The base of the study was the Clinical Consultative and Diagnostic Clinic № 27 in Novosibirsk. The study of the Clinic development was carried out from 2012 to 2023. The work used data from a social and expert survey of managers (20122018), as well as comparative modeling, general logical methods and techniques.Results. The longest multi-level and complex medical service is the process of preventive examination of children in the first year of life. Therefore, using his example, a quality balanced scorecard for the outpatient clinic was developed. At the first stage, medical quality criteria were determined. Patients were interviewed and quality criteria important for the patients' parents were determined. The complexity, multi-stage nature and short time frame for providing medical services determined the criteria for the economic efficiency. At the second stage, criteria for the management effectiveness and criteria for quality monitoring were developed, which allow department heads to track key performance indicators, as well as build coordinated work between various departments. At the third stage, the quality criteria were developed, which, on the one hand, reflect the clinic work, and, on the other hand, are not redundant and can be used to assess the effectiveness of the organization as a whole.Conclusion. The study showed that to increase the sustainability of the clinic development, effective monitoring based on key performance indicators is necessary. The classical approach to determining the effectiveness of medical facilities is based on general performance indicators to the quality criteria of individual processes, which does not allow identifying violations in individual medical and auxiliary processes, and, accordingly, does not allow identifying ways to solve them. It also does not indicate the level of violation. The use of a process and system approach in developing quality criteria allows developing a quality balanced scorecard with respect to the criteria of various groups, which ultimately reflects the effectiveness of processes as a whole, provides an understanding of cause-and-effect relationships and identifies the root cause of destabilization.

Beyond drug discovery: Exploring the physiological and methodological dimensions of zebrafish in diabetes research.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is now considered a global epidemic. Chronic diabetes conditions include type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both of which are normally irreversible. As a result of long-term uncontrolled high levels of glucose, diabetes can progress to hyperglycaemic pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, among many other complications. The complete mechanism underlying diabetes remains unclear due to its complexity. In this scenario, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have arisen as a versatile and promising animal model due to their good reproducibility, simplicity, and time- and cost-effectiveness. The Zebrafish model allows us to make progress in the investigation and comprehension of the root cause of diabetes, which in turn would aid in the development of pharmacological and surgical approaches for its management. The current review provides valuable reference information on zebrafish models, from the first zebrafish diabetes models using genetic, disease induction and chemical approaches, to the newest ones that further allow for drug screening and testing. This review aims to update our knowledge related to diabetes mellitus by gathering the most authoritative studies on zebrafish as a chemical, dietary and insulin induction, and genetic model for diabetes research.

Collateral Benefit of Systematic Improvement in Bariatric Surgery Outcomes Following a Single Quality Improvement Project for Bleeding.

The study's aim was not only to use quality improvement system techniques to improve patient care specifically for bleeding but also to track other adverse outcomes. Key drivers were identified and mapped to interventions, namely venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, root cause analysis, indications conference, and operative technique standardization. Bleeding was reduced by 88%, and overall postoperative complications also fell by 63%. A targeted quality improvement project not only was effective in improving outcomes for the specific aim of bleeding but also resulted in improvement for other patient outcomes.

Rethinking the Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa

The immediate post-colonial Africa was hitherto noted for incessant military incursions into politics, but the waves of democratisation that swept through Africa from the late 1970s to the 1990s led to the acceptance of liberal democracy as the most desirable political system. Over the past decade, stakeholders in Africa’s democratisation have had to ask whether democracy is being consolidated on the continent. Despite the promise of democracy, most African countries have failed to attain political development beyond what has become the ‘ritualistic’ conduct of elections and political transitions. The inability to institutionalise democracy has become more evident with several military coup d’états in the past 2 years on the continent. Through unstructured interviews, the article historicises military coups, examines their root and immediate causes and explores whether military coups constitute a democratic reversal in Africa. Indeed, consolidating democracy and restoring civilian governments to power have become cumbersome due to the complicit roles of external actors and foreign powers.

Validation of Aeolus L2B products over the tropical Atlantic using radiosondes

Abstract. Since its launch by the European Space Agency in 2018, the Aeolus satellite has been using the first Doppler wind lidar in space to acquire three-dimensional atmospheric wind profiles around the globe. Especially in the tropics, these observations compensate for the currently limited number of other wind observations, making an assessment of the quality of Aeolus wind products in this region crucial for numerical weather prediction. To evaluate the quality of the Aeolus L2B wind products across the tropical Atlantic Ocean, 20 radiosondes corresponding to Aeolus overpasses were launched from the islands of Sal, Saint Croix, and Puerto Rico during August–September 2021 as part of the Joint Aeolus Tropical Atlantic Campaign. During this period, Aeolus sampled winds within a complex environment with a variety of cloud types in the vicinity of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and aerosol particles from Saharan dust outbreaks. On average, the validation for Aeolus Rayleigh-clear revealed a random error of 3.8–4.3 m s−1 between 2 and 16 km, and 4.3–4.8 m s−1 between 16 and 20 km, with a systematic error of -0.5±0.2 m s−1. For Mie-cloudy, the random error between 2 and 16 km is 1.1–2.3 m s−1 and the systematic error is -0.9±0.3 m s−1. It is therefore concluded that Rayleigh-clear winds do not meet the mission's random error requirement, while Mie winds most likely do not fulfil the mission bias requirement. Below clouds or within dust layers, the quality of Rayleigh-clear observations are degraded when the useful signal is reduced. In these conditions, we also noticed an underestimation of the L2B estimated error. Gross outliers, defined as large deviations from the radiosonde data, but with low error estimates, account for less than 5 % of the data. These outliers appear at all altitudes and under all environmental conditions; however, their root cause remains unknown. Finally, we confirm the presence of an orbital-dependent bias observed with both radiosondes and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model equivalents. The results of this study contribute to a better characterisation of the Aeolus wind product in different atmospheric conditions and provide valuable information for further improvement of the wind retrieval algorithm.