Root Canal Filling Material Research Articles

Effect of Root Canal Filling Materials and Pretreatment with Solvents on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin with Primary Tooth Dentin.

Aim Root canal filling materials have the tendency to inhibit adhesion of resin-based composites. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of root canal filling materials and their solvents on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite with the primary tooth dentin. Methods and Materials Seventy-two intact anterior primary teeth were selected. Smooth dentinal surfaces were prepared to a minimum diameter of 3 mm and thickness of 1.5–2.0 mm. The samples were equally divided into six groups (n = 12). In group 1: control group, no root filling material; in group 2: Metapex, no solvent; in group 3: Metapex+ethanol solvent; in group 4: ZOE, no solvent; in group 5: ZOE+ethanol solvent; and in group 6: ZOE+orange oil solvent were applied. Then, dentin surfaces were etched, and composite restorations were placed and cured. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. SBS values were determined using a universal testing machine. Results The SBS values of composite to dentin in groups 2 and 4 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001). Cleansing of the specimens with 96% ethanol after removal of Metapex significantly increased the composite-dentin bond (P < 0.001). Applying ZOE, only orange oil solvent significantly increased the SBS of the composite to the primary tooth dentin (P = 0.01). Conclusion To reduce the negative effects of endodontic root filling materials on the SBS of composite and primary tooth dentin, ethanol is a suitable solvent when Metapex is used, while orange oil might be a better choice than ethanol when applying ZOE.

Efficacy of A Novel File in Removing Root Canal Filling Material from Root Canals of Endodontically Treated Teeth - An In Vitro Study

Efficacy of A Novel File in Removing Root Canal Filling Material from Root Canals of Endodontically Treated Teeth - An In Vitro Study

MTT versus other cell viability assays to evaluate the biocompatibility of root canal filling materials: a systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to compare the cytotoxicity of root canal filling materials (RCFMs) assessed using tetrazolium salt-based tests (TSBT), including the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, with those obtained using other cell viability assays. A search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and OpenGrey up to March 2019, followed by a manual search. According to the Participants, Exposure, Comparator and Outcomes (PECO) criteria, in vitro studies that evaluated the cytotoxic effect of RCFMss on animal and/or human cells through TSBT and at least one other viability assay were compared. The methodological quality of selected papers was assessed using ToxRTool® and SciRAP® . Data were analysed using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test for paired samples and linear weighting kappa. A total of 230 non-duplicated records were identified. After applying the eligibility criteria, 55 studies were selected for methodological evaluation, seven were selected by manual searching, 22 were excluded for methodological reasons, and 40 were included. A total of 410 comparisons were performed between TSBT and distinct cell viability tests (DCVT). MTT had moderate concordance with DCVT using human cells (n=138 samples) (P=0.507; k=0.4225) and animal cells (n=122 samples) (P=0.124; k=0.5775). XTT had good concordance using human (n=110 samples) (P=0.507; k=0.6336) and animal cells (n=12 samples) (P=0.564; k=0.6604). MTT, XTT, WST and MTS assays showed moderate concordance with DCVT (n=410 samples) (P=0.375; k=0.5138) and complete agreement in 226 samples. The included studies had methodological heterogeneity that was minimized by the systematic review methodology. MTT and XTT do not cause over- or underestimation of cell viability during cytotoxicity screening of root canal filling materials, implying that these assays can be considered reliable for this purpose. Nonetheless, the development of protocols for the cytotoxic screening of these materials on 3D tissue-like cultures aiming to improve their predictability in the clinical scenario is suggested.

The Efficacy of Rotary, Reciprocating, and Combined Non-Surgical Endodontic Retreatment Techniques in Removing a Carrier-Based Root Canal Filling Material from Straight Root Canal Systems: A Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis.

The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the efficacy of three non-surgical endodontic retreatment techniques in removing a carrier-based root canal filling material from straight root canal systems. The study was performed on 99 single-rooted extracted teeth using the ProTaper Gold endodontic rotary system up to the F2 file (Dentsply Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland), which were sealed with GuttaCore (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and AH plus epoxy resin sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) and randomly assigned to the following non-surgical retreatment techniques: ProTaper Retreatment endodontic rotary instruments (D1–D3 files, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland; n = 33, PTR), Reciproc Blue endodontic reciprocating instrument (R50, VDW, Munich, Germany; n = 33, RCB50), and a combined root canal retreatment technique between Gates-Glidden drills (sizes #3 and #2, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and Hedstrom files (file size 35, 30, and 25, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland; n = 33; H-GG). All of the teeth were submitted twice to a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan, before and after non-surgical endodontic retreatment procedures. The volume of root canal filling material (mm3), volume of remaining root canal filling material (mm3), non-surgical endodontic retreatment working time (min), proportion of remaining root canal filling material (%), and efficacy of root canal filling material removal between the non-surgical endodontic retreatment techniques were analyzed using ANOVA one-way statistical analysis. Statistically significant differences were observed between the proportions of remaining root canal filling material of PTR and H-GG (p = 0.018), between the non-surgical endodontic retreatment working times (min; p < 0.001), and between the efficacies of root canal filling material removal by the non-surgical endodontic retreatment techniques (p = 0.009). However, the non-surgical endodontic retreatment systems allow for similar carrier-based root canal filling material removal.

Efficacy of Passive Ultrasonic Activation Assisted Hand vs. Rotary Retreatment Files in the Removal of Root Canal Filling Material: An In Vitro Study

Efficacy of Passive Ultrasonic Activation Assisted Hand vs. Rotary Retreatment Files in the Removal of Root Canal Filling Material: An In Vitro Study

In vitro cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential of calcium silicate-based dental cements in a root canal-filling model.

ObjectiveTo investigate the in vitro cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential of an experimental calcium silicate-based cement and the inflammatory response in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).MethodsCellular responses, osteogenic-related gene expression, and the production of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were studied in hPDLSCs exposed to the experimental root canal-filling material C-Root, the commercial tricalcium silicate-based material BioRoot RCS, and the epoxy resin-based material AH Plus. Differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparison.ResultsExposure to BioRoot and C-Root caused time-dependent increases in cell proliferation. Significantly more mineralized nodules were formed in cells exposed to AH Plus and BioRoot compared with the negative control. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was significantly lower in AH Plus cells compared with negative control, BioRoot, and C-Root cells. ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor2 (RUNX2) mRNA expression levels were all significantly higher in C-Root compared with AH Plus cells at day 7. IL-6 and IL-8 levels differed significantly among the experimental groups, with the highest IL-8 levels in BioRoot cells at days 7 and 14.ConclusionThe experimental root canal-filling material C-Root has similar in vitro cytocompatibility to BioRoot and better osteogenic potential than AH Plus.

Bioactive Glass-Based Endodontic Sealer as a Promising Root Canal Filling Material without Semisolid Core Materials.

Endodontic treatment for a tooth with damaged dental pulp aims to both prevent and cure apical periodontitis. If the tooth is re-infected as a result of a poorly obturated root canal, periapical periodontitis may set-in due to invading bacteria. To both avoid any re-infection and improve the success rate of endodontic retreatment, a treated root canal should be three-dimensionally obturated with a biocompatible filling material. Recently, bioactive glass, one of the bioceramics, is focused on the research area of biocompatible biomaterials for endodontics. Root canal sealers derived from bioactive glass-based have been developed and applied in clinical endodontic treatments. However, at present, there is little evidence about the patient outcomes, sealing mechanism, sealing ability, and removability of the sealers. Herein, we have developed a bioactive glass-based root canal sealer and provided evidence concerning its physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, sealing ability, and removability. We also review the classification of bioceramics and characteristics of bioactive glass. Additionally, we describe the application of bioactive glass to facilitate the development of a new root canal sealer. Furthermore, this review shows the potential application of bioactive glass-based cement as a root canal filling material in the absence of semisolid core material.

Antimicrobial Effect of Eucalyptus Oil as a Root Canal Filling Material for Primary Teeth in Comparison with other Filling Materials against C. albicans and Streptococcus spp.

Antimicrobial Effect of Eucalyptus Oil as a Root Canal Filling Material for Primary Teeth in Comparison with other Filling Materials against C. albicans and Streptococcus spp.

Fracture resistance of simulated immature roots using Biodentine and fiber post compared with different canal-filling materials under aging conditions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of simulated immature roots using Biodentine (BD) and fiber post (FP) compared with different root canal-filling materials under aging conditions. One hundred and forty maxillary central anterior teeth were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 20/group). Negative control received no treatment. In the other groups, the root canals were prepared to simulate immature teeth. The root canals were filled with a 4-mm apical plug of BD and restored intraradicular with BD, BD + FP, composite resin (CR), CR + FP, and gutta-percha (GP). Positive controls were instrumented but without restoration. Teeth were subjected to thermocycling and received cyclic loading before fracture resistance test. Fracture resistance was conducted using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min until fracture. Load to fracture was recorded in newtons (N). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test at P < 0.05. Root canals restored intraradicular with BD + FP and CR + FP showed the highest fracture resistance compared with the other experimental groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the fracture resistance between CR and BD groups (P = 0.998). GP and positive control groups were significantly lower resistance to fracture than the other groups (P < 0.001). Intraradicular reinforcement with BD + FP and CR + FP enhanced the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth than the other experimental groups. Biodentine or composite resin combined with fiber post could be used to reinforce immature teeth with an apical Biodentine plug.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Techniques for the Removal of Root Canal Filling Material in Artificial Teeth: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of canal filling material removal using three different techniques after filling with a Gutta–Percha (GP) cone and calcium silicate-based sealer, by measuring the percentage of volume debris of GP and sealer remaining intracanal with micro computed tomography (micro-CT). The filling material was removed from 30 plastic teeth by a nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) rotary retreatment system. Final irrigation was performed with 2 mL of saline and 10 specimens were randomly allocated to a conventional group. In the passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) group, ultrasonic irrigation was added to the conventional group (n = 10). In the Gentlefile Brush (GF Brush) group, irrigation with GF Brush was added to the conventional group (n = 10). Remaining filling material was measured using micro-CT imaging analysis. The total mean volume of residual filling material after retreatment in the conventional group, PUI group and GF Brush group were 4.84896 mm3, 0.80702 mm3, and 0.05248 mm3, respectively. The percentage of filling material remaining intracanal was 6.76% in the conventional group, 1.12% in the PUI group and 0.07% in the GF Brush group. This study shows that the cleaning effect of the GF Brush system is superior to those of Ni–Ti retreatment files and the PUI system in the apical area.

Comparative assessment of manual, rotary and reciprocating instruments for removal of root fillings, using stereomicroscope: An in vitro study

Background: To investigate the efficiency of Hedstrom (H; Dentsply Maillefer) file, Protaper Universal Retreatment system (PTUR; Dentsply Maillefer), Mani NRT-GPR files (Mani, Japan) and WaveOne (WO; Dentsply Maillefer) Reciprocating files in removing Gutta Percha (GP) and sealer from root canals.&#x0D; Methods: Sixty canals with less than 10° curvature from extracted human maxillary incisors were used. Root canal reinstrumentation was performed with H, PTUR, Mani NRT-GPR and WO files. Amount of residual root filling material (Gutta-percha and or sealer) were measured by using stereomicroscope. Data of GP or sealer remnants were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test.&#x0D; Results: There were no significant differences among 4 groups in terms of residual root filling material in the apical third (p &gt; 0.05). H-file group showed highest amount of root residual root filling as compared to groups.&#x0D; Conclusions: Reciprocating file system proved to be more efficient in removing the root canal fillings material than other retreatment file systems. H file group showed highest amount of root canal filling material.&#x0D; Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 54-61

A Clinical and Radiographic Study of Four Different Root Canal Filling Materials in Primary Molars—An In Vivo Study

Abstract Introduction Pulpectomy helps in preserving a pulpally involved primary tooth by eliminating bacteria and their products and ensures hermetic seal of the root canals, so that the primary teeth can complete their function until normal exfoliation. For the success of endodontic treatment in primary teeth, the resorption of obturating material plays a vital role. The materials used for obturation in this study included zinc oxide propolis (ZOP) as a new paste, Endoflas, Metapex, and zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE). Objective To evaluate the success rate of pulpectomy of primary molars using four different root canal filling materials: ZOP as a new paste, Endoflas, Metapex, and ZOE. Materials and Methods A total of 48 primary molars were divided into four equal groups of 12 molars according to the type of root canal filling paste, that is, ZOE, Endoflas, ZOP, and Metapex. Results When Tukey’s test was applied, out of the four materials, ZOP was the most significant material as its p-value was &lt; 0.05, whereas other materials showed nonsignificant results as their p-value was &gt; 0.05. Conclusion Among the four groups, ZOP showed greater clinical success and its resorbability was similar to that of root.

Evaluation of Two Shaping Systems and Two Ultrasonic Irrigation Devices in Removing Root Canal Filling Material from Mesial Roots of Mandibular Molars: A Micro CT Study.

We assessed the efficiency of two shaping file systems and two passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) devices for removing filling material during retreatment. The mesial canals from 44 extracted mandibular molars were prepared and obturated. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups, and then one group was retreated with Reciproc R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) (n = 44) and the other group was retreated with 2Shape (TS, Micro Mega, Besançon, France) (n = 44). A micro-computed tomography (CT) scan was taken before and after the retreatment to assess the volume of the filling material remnants. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups to test two different PUI devices: Irrisafe (Satelec Acteon Group, Merignac, France) and Endo Ultra (Vista Dental Products, Racine, WI, USA). The teeth in Group A were retreated with 2Shape to test the Endo Ultra (n = 22) device, the teeth in Group B were retreated with 2Shape in order to test the Irrisafe (n = 22) device, the teeth in Group C were retreated with Reciproc to test the Endo Ultra (n = 22) device, and Group D was retreated with Reciproc to test the Irrisafe (n = 22) device. A third micro-CT scan was taken after the retreatment to test the PUIs. The percentage of Gutta-Percha (GP) and sealer removed was 94.75% for TS2 (p < 0.001) and 89.3% for R25 (p < 0.001). The PUI significantly enhanced the removal of the filling material by 0.76% for Group A (p < 0.001), 1.47% for Group B (p < 0.001), 2.61% for Group C (p < 0.001), and by 1.66% for Group D (p < 0.001). 2Shape was more effective at removing the GP and sealer during retreatment (p = 0.018). The supplementary approach with PUI significantly improved filling material removal, with no statistical difference between the four groups (p = 0.106).

Reciproc Blue, K3XF ve ProTaper Universal Retreatment Nikel-Titanyum Rotary Eğelerinin Kök Kanal Dolgu Materyalini Uzaklaştırma Kabiliyetinin Karşılaştırılması

Reciproc Blue, K3XF ve ProTaper Universal Retreatment Nikel-Titanyum Rotary Eğelerinin Kök Kanal Dolgu Materyalini Uzaklaştırma Kabiliyetinin Karşılaştırılması

Retreatability of root canals obturated using mineral trioxide aggregate-based and two resin-based sealers.

The aim of this study was to compare the retreatment time and the removal efficiency of different root canal sealers using WaveOne Gold reciproc file system by measuring required time. Forty-five mandibular premolars were prepared and randomly divided into three groups (n = 15). In Groups 1-3, the canals were filled with gutta-percha and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Fillapex, EndoREZ, and AH26, respectively. After 7 days, root canal filling materials (RCFM) were removed with WaveOne Gold reciproc files by measuring time. Teeth were grooved and sectioned longitudinally, then remaining RCFM was evaluated using digital camera. The images were transferred to image analysis software to measure the areas of remaining RCFM. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between groups according to time required for removing RCFM (P < 0.05). The time required for removing RCFM was significantly shorter in Group 1 and longer in Group 3 than the other groups (P < 0.05). In Group 1, the remaining RCFM was more than other groups at middle third (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between groups at coronal and apical thirds (P > 0.05). None of the sealers evaluated in this study could completely be removed from the root canals. MTA-based sealer was removed faster than resin-based sealers.

Determination of pH and Evaluation of the Efficiency of Different Definitive Root Canal Filling Materials in Conservative Treatment of Chronic Apical Periodontitis

The phisico-chemical properties of the root canal filling materials play an important role in the outome of the endodontic treatment. Zinc oxide-eugenol, mineral-trioxid-aggregate (MTA), calcim-hydroxide or glass ionomer cement are the most frequently used chemical components of the materials, which assure them antimicrobial, radiopacity and adhesive properties. The high pH value ensures the sealer antibacterial effects which lead to the lowering of the periodontal inflammation and stimulate the healing process. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro the pH value of five of the most used root canal filling materials and to evaluate their efficiency in vivo in conservative treatment of chronic apical periodontitis.According to our results SealApex (Kerr) presents the highest average pH value and the shortest healing period of chronic apical periodontitis.

Influence of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation on the Removal of Root Canal Filling Material in Straight Root Canals.

Objective:This study evaluates the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in removing root canal filling material from endodontically treated teeth after using one of two reciprocating systems, Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) or WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), or one nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary system, ProTaper Universal Retreatment (Dentsply Maillefer).Methods:One hundred and twenty straight root canals of extracted human maxillary incisors were instrumented and then obturated. The specimens were divided into six groups (n=20) as follows: Group R, Reciproc R25 instrument without PUI; Group W, WaveOne Primary instrument without PUI; Group PT, ProTaper Universal Retreatment system without PUI; Group R-PUI, Reciproc R25 with PUI; Group W-PUI, WaveOne Primary with PUI and Group PT-PUI, ProTaper Universal Retreatment system with PUI. After removing the filling material, the teeth were cleaved longitudinally and photographed. The total canal space and remaining material were quantified with the aid of an imaging software tool. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to identify significant differences between the groups.Results:No statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in residual filling material were observed between the groups.Conclusion:The use of PUI did not improve the removal of filling material from the root canals, regardless of the previously used instrumentation system.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Different Techniques for Supportive Removal of Root Canal Filling Material.

Objective:To compare the cleanliness of oval cross-sectioned root canals after using different supportive techniques for removal of root canal filling material as part of retreatment process.Methods:One hundred mandibular canine teeth with flat oval cross-sectioned canals were instrumented up to #40.06 and obturated using the warm vertical compaction technique. Removal of the gutta-percha and sealer was performed using the D-RaCe nickel-titanium retreatment instruments. The roots were randomly divided into four groups of 25 teeth, and the activation processes were applied: XP-endo Finisher (XP), EndoActivator (EA) and IrrıSafe (IS). Conventional needle irrigation (CI) was used as the control group. The teeth were sectioned, and digital images were captured. The photographs were analysed using AutoCAD software regarding the area of residual root filling. Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Dunn’s tests were performed for statistical analysis.Results:There was significantly less gutta-percha and sealer remnant in the XP group than in the other groups (P<0.05). The CI group contained significantly more gutta-percha and sealer remnant than the other groups (P<0.05). The apical third of the CI group had significantly more residual gutta-percha and sealer when compared to that of the other groups (P<0.05).Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, the amount of gutta-percha and sealer in the XP group was lower than that in the EA, IS, and CI groups.

Effectiveness of the ProTaper Next and Reciproc Systems in Removing Root Canal Filling Material with Sonic or Ultrasonic Irrigation: A Micro–computed Tomographic Study

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) systems in removing filling material from oval root canals using sonic or ultrasonic irrigation as additional cleaning methods. MethodsThirty-two human extracted mandibular premolars with oval canals were prepared using the ProTaper Universal system (Dentsply Maillefer) up to instrument F4 (40/.06) and then filled by the single-cone technique using Endofill sealer (Dentsply Maillefer). The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8) according to the instrumentation system and the additional cleaning method as follows: Reciproc 40 with ultrasonic activation, Reciproc 40 with sonic agitation, ProTaper Next (X2, X3, and X4) with ultrasonic activation, and ProTaper Next (X2, X3, and X4) with sonic agitation. All specimens were analyzed using micro–computed tomographic imaging before and after removal of the filling material and also after applying the additional cleaning methods. The data, in mm3 of remaining filling material, were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, and Mann-Whitney tests. ResultsNone of the retreatment protocols completely removed the filling material from the root canals, and there was no significant difference between the instrumentation systems or between root thirds assessed in terms of the average volume of remaining filling material (P > .05). Likewise, no significant difference was observed between the additional cleaning methods in any of the root canal thirds assessed (P > .05). ConclusionsThe ProTaper Next and Reciproc systems were equivalent with respect to effectiveness in removing filling material regardless of the additional cleaning method used. The additional cleaning methods were also equivalent and did not improve the removal of filling material significantly.

An in vivo Evaluation of Root Canal Filling Materials used in Primary Teeth

An in vivo Evaluation of Root Canal Filling Materials used in Primary Teeth