Room Space Research Articles

Construction of the regression model of the specific air consumption for an automobile pneumoengine

Abstract. Problem. The object of the investigation is a detailed assessment of the cost-effectiveness of the PD and the selection of optimal valve openingclosing settings. The method of this work was based on a series of rapid indicators and indicator diagrams of PD, determined by the extremum of the multifactorial occurrence of this PD. Methodology. To achieve the goal of the current task: the duty of the parameter – at the business indicator flow of the PD simultaneously from four independent changes (the valves of the inlet and outlet no valves). Weekly graph of universally wideranging characteristics, plotted as a result of projection onto the XY area (φ vpn, φ vpk, φ vpn, φ vpk) from cross-sections of the surface gi = f (φ) for given values of gi in trivial room space gi , φ vpn, φ vpk, φвипн, φвипк. The subject of investigation is the interconnections between the indicator and the pressure of the compressed air and the opening-closing of the PD valves. Goal. based on a series of speed characteristics and indicator diagrams of PD, determination of the extremum of the multifactorial dependence of this PD. Task. construction of the dependence of the parameter – the specific indicator air flow of the PD simultaneously on four independent variables (opening-closing angles of the intake and exhaust valves). Construction of a graph of universal multiparameter characteristics, determination of the mutual influence of the studied factors and their projection on the XY plane Results. As a result of the research carried out to determine the optimal modes of the PD robot, it was established that the curves of the compressed wind indicator power consumption can be adequately described using a regression model of another stage of the cutter function. This is the closing of the intake and exhaust valves, which is an important result. A model of a different order has been removed, which is a real advantage, and in work, a number of works have similar directness. Originality. Proposal method for determining the extremum of the pet's indicator waste of the compressed area. This is the goal of conducting an extreme experiment to induce a rich factor function due to the upcoming resolution of the problem of insane optimization with the use of the simplex method. Practical value. Among the parameters for assessing the technical level of PD, the level of the minimum feed indicator value of the compressed air from the point of opening - closing of the valves is determined

Nanotechnology and its role in raising the efficiency of the internal environment in negative patient isolation rooms in Egyptian hospitals-Evidence-Proofs

Despite the development of nanotechnology materials and the discovery of new properties that have contributed to improving various fields, especially the field of architecture, as it has been able to harness some materials to serve the architectural environment, whether internal or external to buildings, and combat the challenges that hinder the harmony of buildings with the natural external environment. Among the most important of these materials are coatings, which of course have an effective role in buildings, especially healthcare buildings, as nanotechnology has been able to produce materials that help support the internal environment of patient isolation rooms to combat the spread of infection and the spread of bacteria and fungi within that environment, which poses a clear danger to the patient and the medical staff responsible for his care. Despite all this, there is controversy over the effectiveness of these materials in that they are useless and similar to their counterparts from traditional materials. Here comes the role of the research to prove through experiments the effectiveness and validity of nanotechnology materials techniques and their role in combating infection in the internal space of patient isolation rooms, and also combating the heat flow through the outer shell to the patient isolation room, which increases the aggravation of bacterial infection particles in the spaces

Design and Development of a Gaming Controller for Ankle Therapy

Abstract Although rehabilitation therapies are still the most common treatment for those who have had a stroke, they can be dull and repetitive. Despite recent advances in the field of rehabilitation robots, they can be complicated to operate and needs plenty room space in most cases. This paper presents a gaming controller (GC) that acts as an interface system between the rehabilitation system and the patient. It is connected to a mechanically actuated ankle rehabilitation mechanism, which incorporates the usage of the patients’ upper limbs to work on the range of motion of the ankle. The mechanical mechanism (MM) provides the base for gamified ankle rehabilitation; adopting the mechanism with the developed GC that comprises commercial games. The GC translates the rotary actions of MM to corresponding controller in the games.

Adaptable management for cooling cyclic air in ship power plants by heat conversion – Part 1: Downsizing strategy for cogeneration plants

The ship power plants (SPP) are generally based on Diesel engines. Their fuel efficiency is gradually sensible to cyclic air temperatures and drops with their rise. A sustainable performance of ship engines with high fuel efficiency is possible by cooling intake and charge air as two objects in waste heat conversion chillers. The peculiarities of marine engine application are associated with constrained space of machine room. Whereas, the chiller's downsizing leads to inevitable lack of their cooling capacity and incomplete cooling air which results in reduction of fuel saving. The research objective is to develop the heat conversion management adaptable to balanced downsizing and fuel saving strategies due to flexible heat distribution between the chillers of different efficiencies (COP) in response to current thermal loads on engine cyclic air cooling system along the ship routes which enables to foresee a sustainable thermally stabilized and fuel saving operation of SPP. For the first time, such conflicting challenges are satisfied by flexible heat distribution between different chillers in response to intake and charge air cooling needs. The unique of such approach lies in unloading the high efficient but cumbersome chiller (absorption with COP about 0.7 as example) to boost the less efficient but easy to place in machine room ejector chiller (COP of about 0.2). The method of flexible heat distribution to minimize chiller sizes as constraints is realized in methodology based on step-by-step comparing the gap between heat demand and production to minimize shortage in fuel reduction simultaneously. It has been proved that cooling engine air by compact but less efficient ejector chiller (ECh) and high effective but cumbersome lithium bromide absorption chiller (ACh) of reduced capacity and sizes by about 30 % accordingly provides a specific fuel consumption reduced by about 3 %. The loss of route fuel saving by about 10 % is considered as the "cost" for downsizing. These findings have been verified by the calculation results on current and summarized values of the cooling capacities lack, caused by the chiller's downsizing, and fuel saving along the ship route. The novel strategy of heat conversion by combined chillers is especially useful for upgrading the existing engine air cooling system to implement it into the ship machine room. It can be successfully applied for any type of combustion engines and stationary application while space limitation, for instance, mobile autonomous trigeneration plants of container type.

Active noise control of refrigerator based on cascaded notch feedback algorithm

Refrigerators bring convenience to people, but the noise they produce can also affect people’s lives. Refrigerator noise is dominated by low-frequency noise, and the active noise control method is more effective for this kind of noise. However, the existing active noise control methods for refrigerators do not take into account factors such as the limited space and complex structure of the refrigerator compressor room, and external interference signals will be introduced to affect the noise reduction performance during the error signal collection. Given that, this paper proposes the cascade notch feedback algorithm, which can well reduce the influence of external interference signals to better achieve the refrigerator noise reduction. The algorithm consists of the cascaded notch filtering algorithm and the feedback algorithm. The cascade notch filtering algorithm is formed by cascading the adaptive notch filtering algorithm, which is used to deal with the main frequency and harmonic noise generated by the refrigerator. The feedback algorithm consists of a robust algorithm for dealing with external interference signals introduced during error signal collection. The simulation experiment proves that the algorithm has advantages in terms of noise reduction and computational cost compared with the adaptive notch filtering algorithm and the improved algorithm. The experimental test platform is set up to carry out the actual refrigerator noise reduction experiments under different conditions. The algorithm has the effect of noise reduction under different robust algorithms.

Multi-Domain Environmental Quality of Indoor Mixed-Use Open Spaces and Insights into Healthy Living—A Quarantine Hotel Case Study

In the post-pandemic context, data-driven design interventions that can endow architectural spaces with mixed-use and open characteristics that are adaptable and environmentally resilient are increasingly important. Ubiquitous semi-public architecture, such as hotel buildings, plays a crucial role in public health emergencies. Many hotels adopt mixed-use and open room spatial layouts, integrating diverse daily functions into a single tiny space, fostering flexible utilization and micro-scale space sharing; however, these also introduce potential health risks. This study offers a comprehensive evaluation of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of a hotel room space and discusses feasible intervention strategies for healthier renovation and rehabilitation. Taking a hotel in Shenzhen as a case, a multi-domain environmental assessment was conducted during the COVID-19 quarantine period in the summer of 2022. The study examines the health risks inherent in the hotel’s guest room and the varying patterns of IEQ factors across the hotel’s domains, including volatile organic compound concentrations, physical environmental parameters, and heat stress indices. The results illustrate diverse change trends in the chemical, physical, and heat stress factors present in the tested quarantined hotel room space throughout a typical summer day. Although most of the examined environmental factors meet local and global standards, some problems draw attention. In particular, the PM2.5 concentration was generally observed to be above the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline (AQG) standards, and the interior lighting did not meet required standards most of the time. Moreover, correlation and multiple regression analyses uncover significant influence by physical environmental conditions on the concentrations of chemical pollutants in the hotel room. The study preliminarily identifies that higher relative humidity could lead to a lower concentration of CO2 while a higher PM2.5 concentration. Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was observed to positively affect CO2 concentration. Further, the results suggest that even with relatively rigorous initial adjustment and re-renovation, multi-domain environmental quality in air-conditioned quarantine hotel rooms should be monitored and ameliorated from time to time. Overall, this study offers a scientific foundation for healthier upgrades of existing hotel buildings as well as provides insights into achieving environmental resilience in newly constructed hotel buildings for the post-pandemic era.

Calculating the local and overall view factors of a multi-segment human model

In non-uniform environments, such as spaces with radiant ceilings or floors, or with hot or cold windows, view factors (VFs) of a person towards these surfaces are needed for calculating the heat exchanges between the person and the surroundings. Multi-body segmented human models can simulate the heat exchanges of individual body parts with the environment. Simulating heat transfer at the local body parts is important for assessing comfort in non-uniform environments. These models require VFs for each individual body part. Accurately determining these VFs is time-consuming, often requiring methods such as ray-tracing techniques. A fast calculation method to accurately determine the view factor (VF) for each segment has yet to be investigated. This study employed a 16-segment human model into various architectural radiation scenarios. The surface-to-surface model in computational fluid dynamics was utilized to simulate VFs for the 16 body segments in relation to radiant surfaces at different locations. Through a series of simulations, comprehensive formulas for VFs were derived for each individual at various positions within a room, encompassing 16 body segments and computing parameters for 24 building surfaces. The accuracy of these general formulas was validated by comparing the whole-body VF with results from several available studies. Additionally, this study developed a visualization tool for calculating VF and mean radiant temperatures with different room space dimension and embedded radiant surfaces. The users can use this online tool to easily calculate VFs and mean radiant temperatures for each body parts, and for the whole-body. The tool offers valuable insights for predicting thermal comfort in asymmetric radiant environments and facilitating control over building environments.

Hand Surgical Operating Room Size Allocation: A Comparative Space Utilisation Study.

Background: This study evaluated operating room (OR) space required for various hand surgical procedures. We analysed the size requirements for hand surgical cases divided into four settings: (1) large OR setting requiring fluoroscopy and microsurgical equipment, (2) medium-sized OR setting for cases requiring fluoroscopy, (3) smaller OR setting and (4) minor procedural room without anaesthesia with the aim to describe room size requirements for hand surgery practices. Methods: A variety of hand surgical cases were selected: large cases (microvascular digit replantation), medium-sized cases (closed reduction percutaneous pinning [CRPP] of phalangeal fractures) and smaller cases (carpal tunnel release [CTR]) with and without anaesthesia. Space requirements were compared to general surgery cases (laparoscopic appendectomy) and general orthopaedic surgery cases (cephalomedullary nail [CMN]). Necessary operative equipment was measured (ft2) to calculate requirements for each procedure. Results: Large hand cases such as digit replantation necessitated the most OR space (125 ft2), followed by general orthopaedic cases (CMN; 118 ft2), medium-sized hand cases (CRPP phalanx; 107 ft2), general surgery laparoscopic appendectomy (68 ft2), small hand cases (CTR; 85 ft2) and minor procedures (49 ft2). Conclusions: Hand procedures can be divided into major procedures requiring significant OR space (125 ft2), medium procedures in standard OR suites (107 ft2), procedures in small ORs with anaesthesia (81 ft2) or office-based setting without anaesthesia (49 ft2). These findings help define space utilisation for hand procedures and may have practical implications related to efficiency, cost and patient safety in the hospital and outpatient setting. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Economic and Decision Analyses).

A 500 kW hydrogen fuel cell-powered vessel: From concept to sailing

This paper presents the “Three Gorges Hydrogen Boat No. 1”, a novel green hydrogen-powered vessel that has been successfully delivered and is currently sailing. This vessel, integrated with a hydrogen production and bunkering station at its dedicated dock, achieves zero-carbon emissions. It stores 240 kg of 35 MPa gaseous hydrogen and has a fuel cell system rated at 500 kW. We analysed the engineering details of the marine hydrogen system, including hydrogen bunkering, storage, supply, fuel cell, and the hybrid power system with lithium-ion batteries. In the first bunkering trial, the vessel was safely refuelled with 200 kg of gaseous hydrogen in 156 min via a bunkering station 13 m above the water surface. The maximum hydrogen pressure and temperature recorded during bunkering were 35.05 MPa and 39.04 °C, respectively, demonstrating safe and reliable shore-to-ship bunkering. For the sea trial, the marine hydrogen system operated successfully during a 3-h voyage, achieving a maximum speed of 28.15 km/h (15.2 knots) at rated propulsion power. The vessel exhibited minimal noise and vibration, and its dynamic response met load change requirements. To prevent rapid load changes to the fuel cells, 68 s were used to reach 483 kW from startup, and 62 s from 480 kW to zero. The successful bunkering and operation of this hydrogen-powered vessel demonstrates the feasibility of zero-carbon emission maritime transport. However, four lessons were identified concerning bunkering speed, hydrogen cylinder leakage, hydrogen pressure regulator malfunctions, and fuel cell room space. The novelty of this work lies in the practical demonstration of a fully operational, hydrogen-powered maritime vessel achieving zero emissions, encompassing its design, building, operation, and lessons learned. These parameters and findings can be used as a baseline for further engineering research.

Experimental and numerical study on upper-room Far-UVC system under different ventilation schemes to disinfect airborne microorganisms in indoor environments

Many deadly infectious diseases are transmitted through airborne routes in indoor environments. Far UV upper-room system combined with proper ventilation is regarded as an effective approach to disinfect airborne microorganisms. Despite the current advances in the far UV upper-room system, various types of data are still lacking to guide the efficient design and the safe operation. This study combines field air sampling, laboratory experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations to advance the knowledge on the potential of far UV radiation for disinfection and its safety design. Our findings reveal that seven out of the eight measured room spaces are categorised as slightly polluted (1201–2000 CFU m−3) or polluted (>2000 CFU m−3). Proteobacteria and Firmicutes constitute 65.2 ± 10.6 % and 21.2 ± 5.68 % of the bacterial composition in congregate settings, respectively. Ultraviolet radiation proves effective in deactivating pathogenic microorganisms, characterized by a decay rate constant ranging from 0.0446 m2 J−1 to 0.464 m2 J−1, depending on the wavelength and the type of pathogenic microorganisms. The time response of Ultraviolet radiation is up to 12 min to achieve 92.1 % sterilisation. Despite the reduction in the sterilisation ratio of Ultraviolet radiation, maintaining a high ventilation rate is highly recommended to eliminate genetic material from pathogenic microorganisms. When the excimer lamp is installed higher than 1.9 m above the floor level, the radiation intensities at both standing and sitting height become lower than the safety threshold value of 0.166 W m−2. A combination of UV radiation at 222 nm and ventilation is effective for neutralising both gram-positive and -negative bacteria and can contribute to stop the spread of infectious diseases in congregate settings.

Intelligent generation method of infection risk map and management system in hospital waiting room for respiratory infectious diseases

Respiratory infectious diseases, such as seasonal influenza, pose significant risks to public health safety through airborne transmission. This study aims to explore methods for controlling airborne infection risk in waiting rooms, a hotspot for cross-infection. A database of 990 samples was established by integrating the results of computational fluid dynamics and social force model simulations into the Wells-Riley equation. We introduced two indicators, Pr (Particle Removal Efficiency) and Hr (High-risk Area Ratio), to evaluate the cleanliness performance of waiting room spaces. Additionally, the Sci (Space Cleanliness Index) was proposed as a criterion for evaluating architectural designs and fine-tuning fresh air system operational parameters. We also unveiled the mapping relationship between spatial morphology parameters and ventilation design parameters in relation to the cleanliness performance of waiting rooms. An infection-risk prediction proxy model was established based on machine learning methods, suitable for rapid prediction of spatial infection risks in waiting rooms and optimization of fresh air system operational parameters. The findings can be applied to the selection of hospital design schemes and the optimization of ventilation operational control strategies, aiding in strengthening infectious disease control and reducing the public health safety risks of cross-infection from respiratory infections during peak seasons in hospitals.

Method for Collaborative Layout Optimization of Ship Equipment and Pipe Based on Improved Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning and Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm

The engine room is the core area of a ship, critical to its operation, safety, and efficiency. Currently, many researchers merely address the ship engine room layout design (SERLD) problem using optimization algorithms and independent layout strategies. However, the engine room environment is complex, involving two significantly different challenges: equipment layout and pipe layout. Traditional methods fail to achieve optimal collaborative layout objectives. To address this research gap, this paper proposes a collaborative layout method that combines improved reinforcement learning and heuristic algorithms. For equipment layout, the engine room space is first discretized into a grid, and a Markov decision process (MDP) framework suitable for equipment layout is proposed, including state space, action space, and reward mechanisms suitable for equipment layout. An improved adaptive guided multi-agent Q-learning (AGMAQL) algorithm is employed to train the layout model in a centralized manner, with enhancements made to the agent’s exploration state, exploration action, and learning strategy. For pipe layout, this paper proposes an improved adaptive trajectory artificial fish swarm algorithm (ATAFSA). This algorithm incorporates a hybrid encoding method, adaptive strategy, scouting strategy, and parallel optimization strategy, resulting in enhanced stability, accuracy, and problem adaptability. Subsequently, by comprehensively considering layout objectives and engine room attributes, a collaborative layout method incorporating hierarchical and adaptive weight strategies is proposed. This method optimizes in phases according to the layout objectives and priorities of different stages, achieving multi-level optimal layouts and providing designers with various reference schemes with different focuses. Finally, based on a typical real-world engine room engineering case, various leading algorithms and strategies are tested and compared. The results show that the proposed AGMAQL-ATAFSA (AGMAQL-ATA) exhibits robustness, efficiency, and engineering practicality. Compared to previous research methods and algorithms, the final layout quality improved overall: equipment layout effectiveness increased by over 4.0%, pipe optimization efficiency improved by over 40.4%, and collaborative layout effectiveness enhanced by over 2.2%.

Challenges in Urban Data Center Design

The data center market is experiencing significant growth, with each new facility requiring increased power density and cooling needs. This growth brings new challenges, including noise pollution and its impact on nearby communities, which becomes excessively difficult in urban environments. This presentation will explore the issues faced by data centers in urban environments and discuss potential solutions to create quieter facilities. Key points include: Physical challenges: Every site design faces numerous physical constraints, including limited rooftop and equipment room space, tight and complex adjacencies of neighboring sites, and design and performance standards for equipment. Political issues: Every site and community have a different set of laws and regulations that a site needs to meet, and often go beyond to ensure that the community will accept the site. People issues: Data centers must navigate contentious relationships with neighbors and address noise concerns to maintain a positive reputation. By addressing these challenges, data centers can minimize noise pollution and maintain positive relationships with surrounding communities, ensuring a sustainable future for the industry in urban environments.

A Rapid and Cost Effective Hardening Method for Tissue Culture Derived Banana Plantlets

The present study was aimed to develop a cost effective method for the hardening of tissue culture derived plants of banana var. Robusta. Two approaches were investigated to reduce cost. First, the shoots inoculated in rooting medium were incubated in (i) growth room under controlled temperature and light conditions for four weeks (RL) (ii) shadehouse exposed to natural light and ambient temperature (RP). The plants obtained from these treatments were given five hardening treatments (a) direct planting in polybags (filled with 1 : 1 Soil and leaf mould) (DP), (b) DP plants covered individually with transparent polybags (DPC), (c) DPC plants placed in tray of water (up to 3 cm height)-DPCW (d) DP plants kept in polytunnel (DPP) (e) DP plants placed in tray of water and kept in polytunnel DPWP, (f) control plants (CN)-primary hardened in potrays kept in polytunnel for four weeks followed by transplantation to polybags (filled with3:1 Soil and leaf mould). RP Plants were greener and sturdier with less hyperhydricity. Rooting outside the lab (RP) reduced the cost as the growth room space during rooting could be saved and so there is saving in electricity of lighting and climate control. 80% of plants in control and 50% plants in direct planting (DP) survived. In all other treatments 100% survival was observed. RP-DPCW and RP-DPWP plants showed the best performance in terms of visible appearance and accumulation of biomass. The method employed could reduce the hardening period from 12 weeks (CN) to 8 weeks. The cost reduction occurs in this process by a) omitting primary hardening process which requires costly potting media, manpower and climate controlled greenhouse, b) Lab space could be saved as incubation for rooting can be done in shade house thereby saving electricity c) As there is 4 weeks saving in hardening, shade house space could be utilized for hardening more plants. The method could be adopted for hardening in small nurseries to large industries and can result in cost reduction of plantlets. Saving of 4 weeks for hardening will be highly beneficial to the micropropagation industries for delivering plants to farmers in time during peak planting seasons. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 34(1): 11-24, 2024 (June)

Seismic Performance of Cross-Shaped Partially Encased Steel–Concrete Composite Columns: Experimental and Numerical Investigations

Special-shaped partially encased steel–concrete composite (PEC) columns could not only improve the aesthetic effect and room space use efficiency, but also exhibit good mechanical performance under static load when used in multi-story residential and office buildings. However, research on the seismic performance of special-shaped PEC columns is insufficient and urgently needed. To investigate the seismic performance of cross-shaped partially encased steel–concrete composite (CPEC) columns, three CPEC columns were designed and tested under combined constant axial load and lateral cyclic load. The test results show that the CPEC columns had good load capacity and ductility, and that the columns failed because of concrete crushing and steel flange buckling after the yielding of the steel flange. The plump hysteresis loops indicated that the CPEC column also had good energy dissipation capacity. Due to the constraint of hydraulic jacks, increasing the load ratio would decrease the effective length, thereby increasing the load capacity of the CPEC column and decreasing the ductility. A finite element model was also established to simulate the response of the CPEC columns, and the simulated results agree well with the experimental results. Thereafter, an extensive parametric analysis was performed to study the influences of different parameters on the seismic performance of CPEC columns. For the CPEC column with an ideal hinged boundary condition at the top, its lateral load capacity gradually decreases with the growth of the load ratio and link spacing and increases with the rise of the steel yield strength, concrete compressive strength, flange and web thickness, and sectional aspect ratio. This research could provide a basis for future theoretical analyses and engineering application.

The Use of Transparent Structures to Improve Light Comfort in Library Spaces and Minimize Energy Consumption: A Case Study of Warsaw, Poland

Light plays a key role in shaping the quality and atmosphere of interior spaces, and its importance and contradictions are amplified in the design of libraries. This study focuses on the problems associated with both insufficient natural light and excessive light. In both cases, visual discomfort is the result. The reason for these problems lies in the use of translucent structures with different parameters and properties in library architecture. This study analyzed the lighting environment in the main reading rooms of two university libraries in Warsaw. The research methods were based on a field survey of objects and an analysis of the architectural and construction parameters of the premises, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of various types of translucent materials used in the reading rooms. The results of this study shed light on the relationship between the interior space of the reading room and the geometry of transparent structures, as well as the effectiveness of daylighting in libraries in the natural conditions of Warsaw. The key point of the present study was to recognize the critical role that transparent materials and structures play in mitigating potential operational problems in library spaces. Wise selection of these elements at the design stage can help minimize problems related to thermal energy regulation, ventilation control, acoustic insulation, and increased visual comfort. The importance of this research area lies in its potential to optimize library buildings by increasing energy efficiency and reducing reliance on artificial lighting, heating, and air conditioning. Careful consideration of transparent materials at the design stage promises long-term benefits in the form of sustainable library spaces that not only meet functional requirements, but also contribute to a more environmentally conscious architectural landscape.

MOBILE APPLICATION FOR RESERVATION OF MEETING ROOMS AND EVENT SPACES AT MARQUEE EXECUTIVE OFFICES

Increasing efficiency and ease in the meeting room and event space reservationprocess is an important need for modern companies such as Marquee Executive Offices. Making a mobile application is an effective solution for managing the reservation process. Utilizing Laravel technology and the Flutter framework, this application is able to provide users with the convenience of making reservations quickly and accurately. At the development stage, the main problems faced were the complexity in integration between the backend and frontend platforms, as well as the need for a system that could handle many reservation requests simultaneously. The solution adopted involved a structured approach to development using Laravel for the backend and Flutter for the frontend, allowing the application to run smoothly and responsively. The main benefit of the application that hasbeen developed is increasing efficiency and productivity in the meeting room and event space reservation process. Users can easily view space availability, make reservations directly via mobile device, and receive instant reservation confirmation. This not only optimizes the use of space, but also improves the overall user experience, thereby strengthening the company's image as a sophisticated and efficient service provider.

Acoustical analysis and optimization design of the hair dryers

Abstract The sound qualities and wind speeds of the four commercial hair dryers (Panasonic, Confu, Flyco, and Philips) were investigated through experimental methods in the present study. The sound qualities included loudness, sharpness, roughness, and fluctuation strength. The experimental results showed that the maximum sound pressure level (SPL) of all hair dryers occurred at about 200 Hz except Flyco hair dryer, which occurred at about 400 Hz. The highest loudness and highest sharpness were found when the hair dryers were set to hot mode and cold mode, respectively. No consistent relationship was found between the effect of room space and SPLs of the hair dryers. The Box–Behnken design method was used to design 13 pieces of oval and rectangular nozzles, and their sound levels and wind speeds were measured. Thereafter, these experimental results were used to derive correlation coefficients between the hair dryer nozzle area, aspect ratio, nozzle length, loudness, and wind speed using the Anova analysis method. Finally, an oval nozzle and a rectangular nozzle with an area of 0.0005 m 2 {}^{2} , an aspect ratio of 1, and nozzle lengths of 0.052 and 0.055 m, respectively, were designed and were tested. These nozzles managed to reduce the sound loudness by 15 and 9.6%, respectively, while maintaining the same level of wind speed.

An Experimental Study for Air Temperature Distribution in a Conditioned Room Using Various Vertical Locations of Conditioned Air Ducts

The Air distribution phenomenon is most useful in thermal environment study and its effectiveness. The main aim of this investigation is to examine and discover the thermal properties of the inside area and its thermal environment. The experimental work for research was studied at the first-floor lab of the government women’s polytechnic, Bhopal. The experiment was conducted in the summer and winter seasons in a closed-conditioned room with the arrangement of a conditioned air discharge duct. The conditioned air was discharged through the circular pipe duct which was set vertically. The duct has arrangements to discharge the air through various vertical positions as the lower duct (L), middle duct (M), and upper duct (U). This experimental work investigates supply air velocity and vertical temperature variation effectiveness inside said test room. The experiment results were collected with lower, middle, and vertical duct opening conditions respectively. The vertical temperature variation and air velocity at the outlet of the duct were noted with considerable points at 1 m from each inside the test room space. The outcome of the results shows the indoor thermal environment and vertical temperature distribution were affected by the discharge air duct position and supply air velocity. The temperature profile vertically impacted when the measuring test point position was near the discharge air duct and it became quite consistent in respective measurements from a large distance.

Not all operative time is created equal: operative time in relation to 30-day complications in benign laparoscopic hysterectomies

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between operative time and specific 30-day postoperative complications across different intervals of operation duration in total laparoscopic hysterectomies (TLHs).DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study.SETTING: American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2011 to 2020.PATIENTS: 131,146 TLH cases.INTERVENTIONS: Eligible cases included benign laparoscopic hysterectomies with operative times between 20 and 499 min. We excluded cases involving disseminated cancer, emergency surgery, supracervical approaches, or concomitant procedures.MEASUREMENTS: Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between specific postoperative complications and operative time. Spline regression was used to analyze differences in the association between postoperative complications and operative time across different tertiles of operative duration.MAIN RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between operative time and complication occurrence for each complication type investigated, including unplanned readmission, urinary tract infections, superficial surgical site infections, blood transfusion administration, return to the operating room, and deep organ space infections. Multivariable logistic spline regression demonstrated that operative time contributed more strongly to the odds of a complication for shorter procedures than longer procedures. This relationship was more pronounced for major complications than minor complications.CONCLUSION: Operative time is a stronger risk factor for developing complications for shorter duration procedures than longer procedures. This is especially evident in major complications such as return to the operating room and deep organ space infections. Our results suggest that longer procedure duration may not affect the likelihood of a complication as much as previously thought, and operative times should not be a primary factor in deciding to convert to laparotomy or alter post-operative management.