Room Size Research Articles

Queueing with Negative Network Effects

Problem definition: In a Markovian queueing system with strategic customers, a reward is gained from completing service, and a loss is incurred while waiting to be served. The common assumption in the queueing literature is that such loss is a function of the customer’s waiting time. This paper takes a different and novel approach in that it models the customer’s loss incurred because of negative network effects while waiting with others, which increases as the exposure to others increases. Methodology: Waiting time is complemented by two innovative measures that capture negative effects on a tagged customer joining an M/M/c queue: the total number of customers the tagged customer meets and person-time exposure to these customers while waiting to be served. Threshold joining strategies inducing M/M/c/n–type queues are studied in this context. Results: The distributions of exposure size and exposure time of a customer joining the queue at a given position are analytically derived. Equilibria under conditions of no reneging are identified as threshold strategies. If the customer’s loss function is concave (such as an exponential model for the chance of infection during a pandemic), there is an equilibrium threshold strategy under which customers do not renege from the queue, even if reneging is allowed. The price of anarchy caused by lack of coordination among the individuals acting is identified. Unlike the equilibrium threshold built under the restrictive assumption that all potential customers have the same utility function, a novel safe threshold concept is introduced, a queue size at which a customer who joins the facility and stays until completing service has positive expected utility regardless of the actions of the other customers. Managerial implications: The implications of negative network effects caused by congestion in a queueing system are of interest to queue managers and, in particular, affect the optimal size of the waiting area. Safe and equilibrium thresholds are contrasted with the socially optimal threshold set by a regulator, and the safe threshold is suggested as a managerial tool to design the waiting room size. Funding: This work was supported by the Israel Science Foundation [Grants ISF 1898/21 and ISF 852/22]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1223 .

Purse Seine Vessel Design under 100 GT Based on the Characteristics of South Sulawesi Waters in Indonesia

The waters of the Makassar Strait of South Sulawesi, where various Purse Seine vessels operate, have characteristics of very high biodiversity, the strength of very strong ocean currents, and the temperature and cultural characteristics of Bugisness and Makassar fishermen. It is necessary to design a purse seine ship that perfectly matches the designs of traditional ships operating in South Sulawesi waters so far. This research aims to create a purse seine vessel design under 100GT with International Maritime Organization standards that match the characteristics of the Makassar Strait. The Design Implementation Method is carried out by considering the length, width, height, shape of the ship's body, the volume of loading space, and construction weight by analyzing the main dimension ratio, hydrostatic parameter analysis and purse seine ship stability analysis. The design results were carried out using a length of 24 meters, width of 4.4 meters, and height of 1.9 meters. The shape of the purse seine vessel body is V-bottom shape, and the middle part towards the stern is U-V flat bottom. The tamping capacity of the first, Second and Third loading room size Volume is 29.48, 26.87 and 15.98 tons, respectively, and The Stowage factor fish is 0.5 tons/m. Ship stability or KG value to three conditions, namely the state of the ship heading to the fishing ground has a KG/VCG fluid value of 1.25 m, this value meets the IMO recommended standards, the second condition is the ship conducting fishing operations, the KG/VCG fluid value in the second condition is 1.22, and the third condition is the condition of the ship heading back to the fishing base, the KG/VCG value of 1.25 meters. The VCG/KG value of the three conditions has met the minimum value issued by IMO. The shape of the ship's body at the bow forms a "V-bottom" model, and at midship to stern has two forms of the ship's body, namely, a Round bottom and U-V flat bottom following the characteristics of South Sulawesi Waters.

Udo Krüger Charts TechnoTeam's Journey

Udo Krüger Charts TechnoTeam's Journey

Design of A Mobile Photovoltaic Direct-drive Refrigeration Compartment

The large consumption of nonrenewable energy has caused energy shortages and environmental climate problems, and improper food storage has caused a large amount of food waste. To solve the problem of energy shortage and waste in grain transportation, a photovoltaic direct-drive refrigeration compartment based on apple transportation is designed. The design adopts a 15-foot refrigeration compartment and uses lightweight crystalline silicon PV modules to reduce the overall weight of the refrigeration compartment. According to the room size, eight parallel PV modules are selected for power generation. In conjunction with the PV modules, the rated power of the chosen compressor is 2.6 kW. Based on the storage conditions of apples, the design storage temperature is 0 °C, and HM-EO-2 is used as the refrigerant for cold storage. According to the transportation requirements of apples, the designed cold storage capacity of the cryogen should meet the 48h cold load. The mathematical models of the cold load of refrigeration compartments, refrigerant storage, and solar irradiation are established, which verify that the refrigeration system is correctly selected, and the critical parameters of the cold storage system are designed. It is calculated that the maximum hourly cold load and the daily total cold load of the refrigeration compartment are taken on June 29. The maximum hourly load is 1.355 kW, and the daily total load is 16.781 kW. The selected compressor can meet the real cooling demand.

Larger operating rooms have better air quality than smaller rooms in primary total knee arthroplasty.

Operating room air quality can be affected by several factors including temperature, humidity, and airborne particle burden. Our study examines the role of operating room (OR) size on air quality and airborne particle (ABP) count in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We analyzed all primary, elective TKAs performed within two ORs measuring 278 sq ft. (small) and 501 sq ft. (large) at a single academic institution in the United Statesfrom April 2019 to June 2020. Intraoperative measurements of temperature, humidity, and ABP count were recorded. p values were calculated using t test for continuous variables and chi-square for categorical values. 91 primary TKA cases were included in the study, with 21 (23.1%) in the small OR and 70 (76.9%) in the large OR. Between-groups comparisons revealed significant differences in relative humidity (small OR 38.5% ± 7.24% vs. large OR 44.4% ± 8.01%, p = 0.002). Significant percent decreases in ABP rates for particles measuring 2.5μm (- 43.9%, p = 0.007) and 5.0μm (- 69.0%, p = 0.0024) were found in the large OR. Total time spent in the OR was not significantly different between the two groups (small OR 153.09 ± 22.3 vs. large OR 173 ± 44.6, p = 0.05). Although total time spent in the room did not differ between the large and small OR, there were significant differences in humidity and ABP rates for particles measuring 2.5μm and 5.0μm, suggesting the filtration system encounters less particle burden in larger rooms. Larger studies are required to determine the impact this may have on OR sterility and infection rates.

MANAJEMEN AKOMODASI SYARIAH DI PULAU LOMBOK

Halal tourism is a sector in the Islamic economy that is experiencing rapid development. Tourism development on Lombok Island still focuses on the development of natural and cultural tourism. The development of sharia tourism on the island of Lombok is not optimal. The tourism industry is of course very closely related to the accommodation business. Therefore, there is a need for a study on the potential management of sharia accommodation on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. This research is a descriptive research. According to the NTB MUI, the reason for the lack of sharia accommodation was triggered because many hotels were afraid that their guests would disappear after their hotels obtained the legality of a halal certificate. In fact, sharia accommodation is a very prospective potential in accordance with Lombok's branding as a Halal Tourism Destination. Sharia accommodation management needs to implement facilities and services, both physical and non-physical. Non-physical Islamic service standards, for example: dress etiquette, greeting greetings, congregational prayers for employees, and good and polite behavior when interacting between hotel managers and guests. Physical Islamic services, such as: facilities in guest rooms that provide Qibla direction, ablution facilities, prayer equipment, the Koran, and seats for those who are not muhrim. Apart from preparing several prayer facilities in the room, the room was also set to a size that almost matched the size of the Prophet's room. Other facilities that are of Islamic standard are swimming pool facilities. Swimming pools need to be separated between men's and women's pools. Sharia hotel accommodation restaurant facilities provide halal-standard food that has been certified by the Indonesian Ulema Council.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN HUNIAN KAMAR DI UBUD PADA MASA NEW NORMAL (STUDI KASUS HOTEL THE SHALA UBUD)

The purpose of the study was to find out marketing strategies to increase room occupancy in Ubud during the new normal period. Based on the data analysis that has been carried out, the results of the marketing strategy have not been optimally implemented by The Shala Bali, because there are several indicators of the 7P marketing mix that have not been implemented optimally, namely product quality indicators where there are several room facilities that are still problematic, brand indicators that are not well known, indicators transportation, namely the lack of lighting at night, the villa distribution channel has not collaborated with offline travel agents, the personal selling indicators owned by the villa are less diverse, and the direct marketing and public relations indicators are not implemented. The people villa element does not yet have a Sales & Marketing department and elements of physical evidence The Shala Bali does not have adequate lighting at night and lacks ample parking space. However, there has been a good implementation of marketing strategies at The Shala Bali, namely indicators of product variety, product design, room size, service, good price list indicators, clear payment periods and requirements, indicators of locations close to tourist destinations in Ubud. and the process elements are good and CHSE certified.

Predictive Analysis Using Web Scraping for the Real Estate Market in Gaziantep

For investors and people who want to own a property, real estate is a crucial industry. Real estate includes land and any enduring construction, whether natural or artificial, such as houses, residences, apartments, and commercial structures. In Turkey, it is common to believe that owning property makes you live comfortably. Therefore, house ownership is a common aspiration among Turkish families. However, a variety of factors, such as a country's economic structure, inflation, world events, politics, etc., have an impact on the real estate market. In addition, the location, neighborhood, size, and number of rooms of a house can all affect how much it costs to live there. Gaziantep city is considered for analysis in the proposed study. The goal of this study is to predict which neighborhood, given a prospective buyer's financial status and specific property attributes, someone can afford to live in. As a result, web scraping is used to collect real estate data from the website. Once the data has been gathered, forecasting the neighborhood of a house is done using machine learning algorithms including decision trees, random forest, and extra trees. The results demonstrate that all algorithms produce good results with a performance accuracy of over 80%. However, among these algorithms, decision tree classification offers the best performance.

Voice production in virtual reality: Effects of room size and fullness

This study explores the influence of visual input on voice production in virtual reality with healthy participants. The effects of the size and fullness of various virtual rooms on acoustic voice parameters and self-reported vocal status ratings are examined. Speech samples from healthy participants were recorded in six virtual conditions. After each condition, the participants provided subjective vocal status ratings on visual analog scales. The voice recordings were processed to calculate objective voice acoustic parameters including sound pressure level, standard deviation of fundamental frequency, mean pitch strength, time dose, and cepstral peak prominence smoothed. The effects of the virtual reality conditions on these acoustic parameters and the vocal status ratings were analyzed. The largest virtual room resulted in significantly higher (worse) vocal status ratings. The size of the virtual rooms had statistically significant effects on mean pitch strength and cepstral peak prominence smoothed, among associations with other objective voice acoustic parameters. This study provides evidence that larger and more full virtual rooms contribute to higher (worse) vocal status ratings and changes in objective voice parameters in healthy speakers.

MODERN LUXURY DESIGN CONCEPT ON APPLICATION OF ROOM INTERIOR ELEMENTS

Room is one of the spaces in the house that is classified as a private area. Rooms are often used as a place to rest, so a room needs to be designed as comfortable as possible for its occupants. The more the times, the more diverse the styles of interior design that are circulating and which are in demand by many people. The Modern Luxury Trend in Interior Design originated in Singapore which later developed in a design collaboration between modern and luxury styles. Modern Luxury style gives the impression of a modern, and also luxurious in an interior. This style is much favored by the millennial generation because it can be applied to various room sizes, and emphasizes a minimalist style with the use of high-quality materials. So, the research was conducted to find out the use of the right materials and colors will produce a luxurious but still modern interior. The type of research method used in this article is a qualitative descriptive design method. So that in this article, a luxury modern design concept will be produced in the application of room interior elements, so that readers are expected to know the application of room interior elements with modern luxury concepts. Therefore, this article is intended for students who are designing room interiors, students who are doing internships in the interior industry, and for designers who are doing room interior projects.

Four-dimensional indoor visible light positioning: A deep-learning-based perspective

Accurate indoor positioning has been a difficult problem as the last meter dilemma of localization and navigation due to lack of satellite navigation signals and complex characteristics of multipath and dynamic indoor channels. Indoor visible light positioning (VLP) provides a new possible paradigm for accurate and low-complexity indoor positioning using widely deployed light-emitting diodes (LED). In this paper, the received signal strength of the photodetector at a mobile terminal is utilized to extract the geometric features in order to infer the accurate position coordinate via deep learning. Specifically, a hybrid model, i.e., a convolutional-recurrent neural network (CRNN), is devised to learn the nonlinear mapping from the received signal strength to the position coordinates in the complex indoor visible light propagation environment. A four-dimensional (4D) VLP architecture based on CRNN is formulated to deal with the non-line-of-sight propagation of indoor visible light and different receiver orientation. Simulation results show that the proposed CRNN-based 4D VLP (CR4D-VLP) method can achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy, and significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art deep-learning-based schemes in both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight scenarios with various spatial patterns of LEDs and different room sizes.

Building acoustic performance prediction - Feedback from Adivbois CLT building mockup

The acoustic performance of a CLT based building mockup was investigated within the scope of AdivBois acoustic technical commission with the objective of defining wood building constructions fulfilling requirements. The CLT based building is a three floor construction, with four rooms on each level. Measurements from junction characterization to air-borne and impact sound insulations have been performed. Furthermore, acoustic measurements have been performed before and after linings and floor coverings were implemented. Moreover, several acoustic teams have carried out measurements in the building. This paper concentrates on the comparison between measured acoustic performance and the predicted one. Predictions are based on the EN ISO 12354-1 and -2 standards, using floor and wall acoustic performances measured in laboratory conditions. The effect of inserting resilient layers in junctions, floor covering and receiving room size is discussed.

Prefabricated Volumetric Modular Construction: A Review on Current Systems, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Rapid urbanization and population growth worldwide has stimulated the requirement of fast and efficient construction techniques. An emerging trend in the construction industry focuses on prefabricated volumetric modular construction (PVMC), wherein individual room size prefabricated modules are manufactured off-site and transported to the site for assemblage using joint connections. This paper provides a comprehensive review on prefabricated modular structural systems, general concepts, joint connections for steel and concrete modules, and their structural behavior. Further, the impediments in current PVMC systems are outlined and technical challenges that restrict the widespread acceptance of PVMC systems are discussed. PVMC is advantageous over conventional construction with regard to construction efficiency, material optimization, speed, safety, and quality control, along with reduced environmental impact. However, application of PVMC in construction industry is very limited due to lack of sufficient understanding on joint connections, seismic behavior, and design methods. It is inferred that reasonable research has been carried out to study the behavior of connection systems at the local level, while research on global seismic performance of prefabricated modular buildings is scarce, which calls for extensive experimental investigations on full-scale modular buildings subjected to lateral loading.

Study on the Applicable Room Size Dimension of Stratum Ventilation for Heating Based on Multi-Criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process-Entropy Weight Model

With the implementation of clean heating and the outbreak of COVID-19, stratum ventilation with both energy-saving and healthy indoor environments has become a research hotspot. Room size dimension is one of the critical factors affecting the air distribution, thermal comfort, and ventilation performance of space heating, which is still a research blank at present. This study determined the applicable room size dimension of stratum ventilation for space heating by using a multi-criteria analytic hierarchy process-entropy weight (AHP-EW) model. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation verified by experiments was conducted. To investigate the ventilation performance of different room sizes in energy utilization and thermal comfort, airflow distribution, ventilation efficiency (Et), dimensionless temperature, effective ventilation temperature (EDT), air distribution performance index (ADPI), and predicted mean vote (PMV) were calculated. The multi-criteria AHP-EW method is used to evaluate every case comprehensively. The results show that the maximum room size obtained by multi-criteria APH-EW is 6 m, and considering the single criteria, the suitable height for stratum ventilation for heating is below 5.7 m. The data obtained in this paper can be used as a reference for further study on the application of stratum ventilation and heating in the future.

Effect of Office Design Characteristics and Anthropometrics on Thermal Comfort in Malaysian Universities Air-Conditioned Buildings

Apart from indoor environmental and personal factors, contextual factors have significantly influenced several thermal comfort studies. In air-conditioned spaces, thermal comfort is conveniently attainable by adjusting the temperature settings, but indoor design elements might alter thermal perceptions and provide adaptive opportunities. This study examines the influence of office design characteristics and anthropometrics on thermal comfort parameters and perceptions. Nineteen university offices in Kuala Lumpur and Shah Alam, comprised of twelve shared and seven private spaces, were investigated, and 628 responses were collected from 42 participants with even gender distributions. The results showed that room occupancy and size were statistically significant with Griffiths’ comfort temperature. Offices with five or more people had lower mean comfort temperature (24.1 ℃) than private offices (25.0 ℃). The mean comfort temperature in offices larger than 80 m2 was 23.7 ℃ with warmer thermal preference, while offices smaller than 40 m2 were approximately one-degree Celsius higher. Offices with no shading device, window blinds opened, and tiled floorings had mean comfort temperatures higher than 25.0 ℃. The findings also indicated that offices with more than a 60% glazing ratio have a slightly higher mean comfort temperature at 24.9 ℃. The thermal sensation during closed blinds was much cooler than opened ones. The anthropometry of the human body impacts how heat is regulated; thus, respondents with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) and above-average body surface area (higher than 1.7 m2) had significantly lower comfort temperatures and preferred more humid surroundings. Mean comfort temperature was statistically significant with BMI with a noticeable difference between underweight (25.1 ℃), normal (24.5 ℃), and obese (23.9 ℃) BMIs. In this study, it is recommended that BMI be considered when positioning occupants in shared offices, and window blinds are an integral shading device for adjusting indoor thermal comfort levels.

Pricing Strategy for a Smart-Tourist Area: Does Location Matters?

This study aims to investigate the effect of hotel characteristics, particularly their locations, on room pricing strategy for hotels in the Bogor Area, Indonesia. The author applies the quantile hedonic regression model on a dataset of Bogor Hotels collected through a travel agent’s website. A total of 194 hotels were collected and used as data samples. Our findings suggest that locations near tourist attractions are a significant factor in explaining hotel room prices in the Bogor area, while in contrast, the city center location is not. In addition, we also find that hotel room size and stars-awarded have significant positive effects on room rates. The outcomes of this study advocate for the continuation of fine-tuning the existing pricing strategy adopted by hoteliers to optimize revenue.

Real-time sound synthesis of pass-by noise: comparison of spherical harmonics and time-varying filters

This paper proposes and compares two sound synthesis techniques to render a moving source for a fixed receiver position based on indoor pass-by noise measurements. The approaches are based on the time-varying infinite impulse response (IIR) filtering and spherical harmonics (SH) representation. The central contribution of the work is a framework for realistic moving source sound synthesis based on transfer functions measured using static far-field microphone arrays. While the SHs require a circular microphone array and a free-field propagation (delay, geometric spread), the IIR filtering relies on far-field microphones that correspond to the propagation path of the moving source. Both frameworks aim to provide accurate sound pressure levels in the far-field that comply with standards. Moreover, the frameworks can be extended to additional sources and filters (e.g. sound barriers) to create different moving source scenarios by removing the room size constraint. The results of the two sound synthesis approaches are preliminary evaluated and compared on a vehicle pass-by noise dataset and it is shown that both approaches are capable of accurately and efficiently synthesize a moving source.

Shielding Adequacy of Conventional X-ray Facilities in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria using RadShield Software

Over time x-ray department gains more patient throughput compared to when it was established, this may lead to changes in room usage, workload and occupancy factor. Therefore, it becomes imperative to re-evaluate the shielding adequacy of the facilities to ensure the appropriate shielding design goal is accomplished. The study was aimed at assessing the shielding adequacy of conventional x-ray rooms in ten radio diagnostic centres in Kano Metropolis using RADSHIELD software. This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. RadShield software version 1.1 was used in the study, parameters such as distances of each wall from a radiation source (D), the average number of patients per week (N), occupancy factor (T), and use factor (U) were inserted into the software together with the shielding design goal (P). Once the result was generated, the design and shielding variables were saved in .xml format. The data were analyzed using Excel 2016. Ten facilities were studied involving 14 x-ray rooms. Room III had the largest room size of 49.2 m2 while room X had the least room size of 12.8 m2. Room II had the longest source image distance (SOD) of 180cm while room IV had the shortest (120cm). The design barrier thickness was thickest (47 cm) in room II and thinnest (1.5 cm) in barrier 5 of room III. All the x-ray rooms had the ideal room size except facilities G and H. The design barrier thickness in the radiology department of all the conventional x-ray rooms involved in the study was adequate.

Role of Operating Room Size on Air Quality in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundAirborne biologic particles (ABPs) can be measured intraoperatively to evaluate operating room (OR) sterility. Our study examines the role of OR size on air quality and ABP count in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). MethodsWe analyzed primary THA procedures done within 2 ORs measuring 278 ft2 and 501 ft2 at a single academic institution from April 2019 to June 2020. Temperature, humidity, and ABP count per minute were recorded with a particle counter intraoperatively and cross-referenced with surgical data from the electronic health records using procedure start and end times. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate differences in variables. P-values were calculated using t-test and chi-squared test. ResultsA total of 116 primary THA cases were included: 18 (15.5%) in the “small” OR and 98 (84.5%) in the “large” OR. Between-group comparisons revealed significant differences in temperature (small OR: 20.3 ± 1.23 C versus large OR: 19.1 ± 0.85 C, P < .0001) and relative humidity (small OR: 41.1 ± 7.24 versus large OR: 46.9 ± 7.56, P < .001). Significant percent decreases in ABP rates for particles measuring 2.5 um (−125.0%, P = .0032), 5.0 um (−245.0%, P = .00078), and 10.0 um (−413.9%, P = .0021) were found in the large OR. Average time spent in the OR was significantly longer in the large OR (174 ± 33 minutes) compared to the small OR (151 ± 14 minutes) (P = .00083). ConclusionTemperature and humidity differences and significantly lower ABP counts were found in the large compared to the small OR despite longer average time spent in the large OR, suggesting the filtration system encounters less particle burden in larger rooms. Further research is needed to determine the impact this may have on infection rates.

The effects of spatial configuration on relative translation gain thresholds in redirected walking

In this study, we explore how spatial configurations can be reflected in determining the threshold range of Relative Translation Gains (RTGs), a translation gain-based Redirected Walking (RDW) technique that scales the user’s movement in Virtual Reality (VR) in different ratios for width and depth. While previous works have shown that various cognitive factors influence the RDW threshold, studies investigating the impact of environmental aspects on the RDW threshold with regard to the user’s visual perception were lacking. Therefore, we examined the effect of spatial configurations on the RTG threshold by analyzing the participant’s responses and gaze distribution data in two user studies. The first study concerned the size of the virtual room and the existence of objects within it, and the second study focused on the combined impact of room size and spatial layout. Our results show that room size, the existence of objects, and spatial layout all significantly affect the RTG threshold range. Based on our findings, we propose virtual space rescaling guidelines to increase the range of adjustable movable space with RTGs for developers: placing distractors in the room, setting the perceived movable space to be larger than the adjusted movable space for an empty room, and avoiding the placement of object clusters in the center of the room. Our findings can be used to adaptively rescale VR users’ space according to the target virtual space’s configuration with a unified coordinate system that enables the utilization of physical objects in a virtual scene.