Rooftop Solar Power Research Articles

POTENSI BANGUNAN PARKIR SEBAGAI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA ATAP

Solar Power Plant (PLTS) is a renewable energy that converts sunlight into electricity.However, the construction of PLTS requires a large area of land so that for urban areas it is noteasy to get the required land. One of solution to this problem is to use the roof of the parkingbuilding as a rooftop solar power plant, the energy produced by the rooftop solar power plantcan be exported to the network because generally the energy demand for parking buildings isnot much. This paper discusses PLTS on the roof of parking buildings that have been built allover the world. The results of a review were obtained as many as 40 PLTS on the roof of theparking building which were built from 2010 to 2022 with a total capacity of 207,49 MW. ThisPLTS parking facility was built in the form of PLTS on the roof of the parking building, carportand parking canopy. Institutions that have built PLTS above their parking facilities includeairports, banks, malls, governments, water companies, recycling companies, pharmaceuticalcompanies, financial companies, car companies, hospitals, schools, stadiums and universities.

STUDI TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA ATAP KANTOR DESA PADANGSAMBIAN KAJA

The Padangsambian Kaja Village Government in Denpasar City through the SDGsprogram from the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions andTransmigration has implemented clean and renewable energy. The power plant being operatedis the rooftop solar power plant with a capacity of 7,2 kWp which is connected to the PLNnetwork. The study was conducted to determine the performance of the installed solar powerplant with the help of HelioScope software simulation. Energy production will be comparedbetween the simulation results of the 2 scenarios with the results of monitoring on the inverter inthe period from May to July 2021, so that it will be known the factors that influence theproduction of solar power plant energy. The results show the potential for energy productioneach year from the simulation results of scenario 1 and scenario 2 respectively are 9.964 kWhand 10.306 kWh, and the simulation results for energy production in the period from May to Julyin scenario 1 and scenario 2 respectively are 2.937,3 kWh and 3.057,8 kWh. Energy productionfrom scenario 1 and scenario 2 simulation is higher than real energy production, with adifference of 180,9 kWh with a percentage of 6,1% for scenario 1, and 301,4 kWh with apercentage of 9,8% for scenario 2.

Development of Zero Energy Consumption Building an Approach towards Green Campus

The conversion of energy is the key objective of this paper. To achieve this installation of grid connected rooftop solar power plant is proposed at Elitte College of Engineering, Kolkata campus. The main purpose to choose rooftop power plant is to use unutilized roof space of the campus for generation green electricity to convert zero energy consumption building. This approach will help our country to reduce carbon foot print and also help in sustainable development. This paper also presents cost- benefit analysis of proposed roof top solar power plant for making a green campus.

Performance Analysis of 120 kWp Grid-Connected Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic System in Central Java

This study examines the performance of a solar power plant with a total capacity of 125 KWp, which operates for one year in Blora, Central Java. The ability of this power plant is a total of PV modules with 20 kWp, ten kWp, and five kWp capacities spread across eight locations. The annual performance of the rooftop solar power plant is measured automatically by the converter installed in each module. The resulting data from inverters are compared to the meteorological conditions from the meteorological agency. This research will investigate the influence of climate on the power generated, the efficiency of the equipment in a power plant, and the effect of pseudo motion of the sun. It was found that there were variations in energy output throughout the year, and it was concluded that the maximum annual energy was produced in July-August. In addition to weather, other factors need to be investigated further to determine the causes of variations in solar PV output.

Analysis of microgrid integrated Photovoltaic (PV) Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) under different solar irradiation conditions in India: A way towards sustainable development and growth

The depleting fossil fuel and growing environmental concern have opened the doors for clean and green energy development using renewable energy sources. Also, the growing oil demand and carbon emissions have created a huge scope for Electric Vehicle (EV) usage across the world which has resulted in blooming EV market. Photovoltaic (PV) powered EV charging can substantially reduce the carbon foot prints when compared to the conventional utility grid based EV charging. The amalgamation of solar power and EV charging is one of the best methods in sustainable development for EV market. Recent statistics suggest that usage of EVs in different cities in India has proliferated and the development of the charging infrastructure is a big challenge for the densely populated country. Firstly, theoretical demand model and stochastic model for EV traffic and resource utilization pattern is developed. Secondly, the optimal configuration and techno-economic assessment of Solar powered EV Charging Station (EVCS) in microgrid is analyzed for four different Indian cities (Shillong, Bengaluru, Jaipur and Kashmir) with varied solar radiation conditions. Lastly, the environment benefits of solar PV powered EVCS are assessed and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the optimal configuration and investment efficiency in each urban area is greatly affected by the solar irradiation and feed-in-tariff (FIT) price of rooftop solar power. Kashmir with high solar irradiation conditions can invest in the solar EVCS compared to the other cities.

PERANCANGAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA ATAP DI HOTEL NOVOTEL UBUD RESORT & SUITE BALI

The service quality of a hotel is supported by a sustainable supply of electrical energy.Electrical energy at the Novotel Ubud Resort & Suite Bali hotel is supplied from PT. PLN.Source Power plant PT. PLN predominantly uses fossil fuels that are less environmentallyfriendly. The solution to this problem is to use renewable fuels to reduce environmental pollutionand as a source of electrical energy at the Novotel Ubud Resort & Suite Bali hotel. This studyaims to design a rooftop solar power plant at the Novotel Hotel Ubud Resort & Suite Bali. Theresults of the simulation of PLTS electrical energy production using the HOMER application.The feasibility of rooftop solar power plants using the NPV, PI and DPP methods. Based on thedata obtained, the Novotel Ubud Resort & Suite Bali Hotel consists of five flat and pyramidroofedbuildings with a total roof area of 2723 m2. This study uses 576 solar modules with atotal power output of 236.16 kWp and uses 3 inverters with a capacity of 80 kW. The results ofthe HOMER simulation show that the annual electrical energy production from PLTS is 377,083kWh. From the feasibility of PLTS has an NPV value of Rp. 633,125,923, the PI value is 1.25and the DPP value is 13.8 years. The results of this design can be said to be feasible becausethe NPV value is positive and is able to reverse the initial cost of PLTS for 13.8 years from theassumption for 25 years.

Consensus on future EU electricity supply among citizens of France, Germany, and Poland: Implications for modeling

Energy scenarios should ideally account for societal feasibility and hence they could be informed by surveys on citizens’ preferences. This study surveyed consensus among citizens of France (N = 202), Germany (N = 199), and Poland (N = 200) on their national and EU electricity supply for 2035, considering different demographics, political orientations, and attitudes towards the transition and its governance. Results showed a broad consensus among surveyed citizens who positively viewed hydro, rooftop and open field solar, onshore and offshore wind power, biomass, and electricity savings, and who negatively viewed Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and net electricity imports. Citizens on average preferred diversified national and EU scenarios with rapid decarbonization and denuclearization, limited imports from neighboring countries, and small shares of CCS. Such scenarios should be now evaluated by modelers.

A Sensitivity Matrix Approach Using Two-Stage Optimization for Voltage Regulation of LV Networks with High PV Penetration

The occurrence of voltage violations is a major deterrent for absorbing more rooftop solar power into smart Low-Voltage Distribution Grids (LVDGs). Recent studies have focused on decentralized control methods to solve this problem due to the high computational time in performing load flows in centralized control techniques. To address this issue, a novel sensitivity matrix was developed to estimate the voltages of the network by replacing load flow simulations. In this paper, a Centralized Active, Reactive Power Management System (CARPMS) is proposed to optimally utilize the reactive power capability of smart Photovoltaic (PV) inverters with minimal active power curtailment to mitigate the voltage violation problem. The developed sensitivity matrix is able to reduce the time consumed by 55.1% compared to load flow simulations, enabling near-real-time control optimization. Given the large solution space of power systems, a novel two-stage optimization is proposed, where the solution space is narrowed down by a Feasible Region Search (FRS) step, followed by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The failure of standalone PSO to converge to a feasible solution for 34% of the scenarios evaluated further validates the necessity of the two-stage optimization using FRS. The performance of the proposed methodology was analysed in comparison to the load flow method to demonstrate the accuracy and the capability of the optimization algorithm to mitigate voltage violations in near-real time. The deviations of the mean voltages of the proposed methodology from the load flow method were: 6.5×10−3 p.u for reactive power control using Q-injection, 1.02×10−2 p.u for reactive power control using Q-absorption, and 0 p.u for active power curtailment case.

Study on Performance of Rooftop Solar Power Generation Combined with Battery Storage at Office Building in Northeast Region, Vietnam

At present, renewable energy sources are considered to ensure energy security and combat climate change. Vietnam has a high potential for solar power development, especially in the central region and the southern region. However, the northeast region has the lowest solar radiation value, so it can cause difficulty for rooftop solar power investment. In this paper, the study results analyze the financial efficiency of the grid-tied rooftop solar power system with battery storage and compared it to the grid-tied rooftop solar power system without battery storage. The experimental data of a grid-tied solar power system with battery storage at an office building in the northeast region of Vietnam is collected to evaluate the system’s operation performance in real conditions. The study results present that the financial efficiency of rooftop grid-tied power project with and without storage is viable since the benefit-cost ratio (B–C) is larger than one, and internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV) are positive. However, the grid-tied rooftop solar power system with storage is not quite feasible in case of changing the electricity selling price and investment cost even though the grid-tied solar power system using the storage device can operate more flexibly. The payback period of the grid-tied solar power system with storage is 6.2 years longer and the total profit is nearly 1.9 times lower than the solar power system without battery storage due to the difference in the price of the inverters and the battery. In contrast, the grid-tied solar power system without battery storage shows better financial efficiency but strongly depends on the operation of the utility grid.

Design and Application of PV Rooftop for Grid Feed in Residential House South Lampung

This study aims to design a rooftop solar power plant system and analyzing the power output using PVsyst Software. The location for the photovoltaic (PV) installation was carried out in the Way Hui local government housing in South Lampung, Indonesia. The method used in this research is direct measurement at the installation site and system design using software. In this study, energy audits were also carried out from the practitioner’s residence. The results of the design are obtained from the software to consider the next process. The simulation results produces system energy in a year as much as 1,712 kWh, specific production 1,114 kWh / kWp / year, PF 0,724, normalized production 3.05 kWh / kWp / day, array losses 0.84 kWh / kWp / day, and system losses of 0.33 kWh / kWp / day.

Connection and Control Strategy for Direct Injection of Railway Platform Rooftop Solar Power into Traction Network

Connection and Control Strategy for Direct Injection of Railway Platform Rooftop Solar Power into Traction Network

Performance of Grid-Connected Rooftop Solar PV System for Households during Covid-19 Pandemic

As we know, the need for electrical energy is increasing along with population growth and technological developments. This increase was also triggered by the growth rate of the energy demand of 6.86% per year. Most of the energy needs come from non-renewable energy, which has limitations and is not environmentally friendly. Despite being affected by Covid, this period is a momentum to start the direction of clean energy policies. The utilization of solar power can be started by utilizing a rooftop solar power system on the roof of a hotel or on the roof of other industrial buildings. As one of the research and development institutions in the housing and settlement infrastructure sector, it tries to provide alternative technology solutions through an innovative technology called PV-roof. The results of the research show that the designed roof off-grid has an average voltage and current on the first day of 13 Volts and a current of 1.8 A, and on the second day, 12.4 Volts and a current of 1.6 A, while on the third day, 12.8 Volts and current of 1.8 A. If the use of 1 battery bears a load of 450 Watts for 2.7 hours, then for users less than 5 hours, the solar charger controller capacity is 12.12 A.

PERANCANGAN DAN SIMULASI PLTS ATAP 1 KWP MENGGUNAKAN HELIOSCOPE

Solar Power Plant (PLTS) as one of the renewable energy sources that is being focused on itsdevelopment. This article discusses the design and simulation of the performance of a 1 kWp rooftopsolar power plant using a Helisocope. The input data required by the Helioscope is PLTS technicalspecifications such as solar panel technology, inverter type, number and type of modules selectedand land area. The location data required by the PLTS system includes the coordinates, the type ofroof of the building, the environment around the PLTS and meteorological data. The 1 kWp PLTS roofsystem designed at the location that the author uses uses 7 pcs Canadian Solar 195 Wp panels, 1pcs 1 kW AEC inverter, installed on the roof of the building facing north, and connected to the PLNnetwork via a net meter. This 1 kWp rooftop PLTS is capable of producing an average daily averageof 5,48 kWh, 41,07 kWh weekly, 164,29 kWh monthly, and annual 1971,5 kWh. Energy productionvaries by an average of 8% per month with the minimum production in January of 135,1 kWh and thehighest in July of 184,5 kWh. The designed 1 kWp PLTS roof produces a performance ratio of 73,6%with the irradiation received in a year reaching 1859,2 kWh/m2. The initial investment required to builda 1 kwp PLTS roof is IDR. 20.000.000.

The intention of households in the Daklak province to instal smart grid rooftop solar electricity systems

BackgroundSmart grid rooftop solar electricity is a useful power resource and a viable alternative to conventionally generated energy. In the context of Vietnam, it could help people control their own source of electrical power and reduce power outages. This problem is expected to worsen in the future. Previous studies have shown that very few smart grid rooftop solar electricity systems have been installed by households in the Daklak Province, in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, and that as of 30th May 2019, only 18 out of 435,688 households had installed such a system. Moreover, only a small number of people knew about this resource.MethodBased on previous investigations, this study proposed a research model that includes factors, which might affect the intention to instal smart grid rooftop solar electricity systems. However, the amount of money that people would be willing to pay (WTP) for the installation of such systems depends on their current electricity consumption. Therefore, to investigate this issue, a questionnaire was developed to survey 300 households in the Daklak Province, in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. A probit binary model was used to analyse the collected data from the questionnaire for this study.ResultsAfter interviewing the respondents from the 300 households in the research area and introducing into the concept and benefits of the smart grid solar electricity generating systems, they were more aware and knowledgeable of the concept. Thirty-three percent of households mentioned that they intended to instal such a system and were willing to pay between USD 1240 and USD 2220 for an appropriate-sized system based on their current electricity consumption and needs. Those households that possessed a high awareness of smart grid rooftop solar power were more likely to express the intention to instal such a system. However, it was also revealed that government incentives and household attitudes were important factors that influence the intention to instal such a system. In contrast, factors such as environmental concerns and the innovativeness of households were less influential.ConclusionThe awareness and understanding of the 309 households surveyed in this study regarding smart grid rooftop solar electricity systems and government incentives were the leading factors that affected the people’s intention to instal such systems. The majority of the respondents were willing to pay between USD 1240 and USD 2220 for installing such a system. In progressing this initiative in Vietnam, based on the results of this study, the Vietnamese government could identify those households that have the necessary degree of knowledge and awareness of such systems and offering incentives to instal such systems. The government could also develop communication programmes and other initiatives to enhance the understanding and awareness of the community of rooftop solar electricity so that programmes for the development of alternative energy sources could be more effective.

A Modified Control Method for Grid Connected Multiple Rooftop Solar Power Plants

This article proposes an enhanced control strategy for a microgrid consisting of multiple rooftop solar photovoltaic sources. These sources are of different power ratings and intermittent in nature. The microgrid is flexible to function either in islanded mode or in grid connected mode. It affects power management and hampers the power quality in microgrid. The proposed control scheme enhances the power quality of the microgrid by providing reactive power compensation to local loads. Thus, it reduces the burden on utility grid. The proposed control technique establishes a priority-based policy for reactive and active power compensation under local demand variance. A smooth and automated transition of microgrid between islanded and grid connected modes is achieved. This seamless transition of the system between two modes avoids the transient in the system. In islanded mode, the proposed control scheme ensures improved voltage regulation under dynamic load demand. It also ensures a minimum burden on the voltage source. Also, the proposed control scheme maintains the power factor of the system near to unity. The system performance is validated experimentally under a number of various operating conditions such as dynamic load variation, grid condition, automated transition, intermittent power generation in real time simulator.

Assessment of Rooftop Solar Power Generation to Meet Residential Loads in the City of Neom, Saudi Arabia

The economic and social development of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has led to a rapid increase in the consumption of electricity, with the residential sector consuming approximately 50% of total electricity production. The KSA depends largely on non-renewable energy resources, and the government has produced Saudi Vision 2030. This plan aims to lessen the country’s reliance on fossil fuels and reduce associated problems such as air pollution. Saudi Vision 2030 combines renewable energy and new building designs so that, for example, the planned city of Neom will be net zero energy. This study addresses how best to reduce Neom’s reliance on the national grid through rooftop photovoltaic generation in residential buildings. The study develops a techno-economic model of rooftop PV with battery storage suitable for existing residential building types likely to be built in Neom city (villas, traditional houses, and apartments), and assesses the optimal PV size, battery storage capacity, and optimal orientation of the PV panels. The study used HOMER Pro to compute the Net Present Cost, Levelized Cost of Energy, orientation of PV panels, and optimum PV system size. The optimal size of PV system is 14.0 kW for the villa, 11.1 kW for the traditional dwelling, and 10.3 kW for the apartment, each with a single battery of capacity 12 kWh.

Performance Evaluation of 780 Wp Rooftop Solar PV Power Backup System in Western Kenya

Aim: This study aimed to carry out performance analysis of a 780 Wp PV power backup system installed at a learning institution in Western.
 Study design: To achieve this goal, site solar radiation received, ambient temperatures, dc current and dc voltages were measured in order to carry out performance evaluation of the PV backup system.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of electronics and electrical, Kaiboi Technical Training Institute in Nandi County, western Kenya was studied, between January 2020 and December 2020.
 Methodology: Performance of any PV system depends on the operating conditions (solar radiation, ambient/module temperature, etc.) available at the site (geolocation dependent), installation (tilt and orientation) of the arrays, and finally proper system sizing (PV array, battery, BOS). In this paper, standard performance parameters reported in literature were utilized to evaluate the performance of the studied PV backup system. The array comprises of four panels interconnected in series/parallel to produce an output power rating of 780 W. A Pyranometer was mounted on the plane of array (POA) to measure solar radiation intercepted by the PV array where daily data were acquired at an interval of five minutes. I-v data were also recorded. Different literature was reviewed to identify the way to do this work.
 Results: Based on the performance of the studied PV system, results obtained show that annual effective energy output is 3412.94 kWh, array efficiency range between 11.6% to 14.1% depending on amount of solar radiation, array yield of 4.88 kWh/kW, reference yield of 5.5 kWh/kW, annual average performance ratio of 76.3% and average array capture losses of 0.52 kWh/kW.
 Conclusion: It found that the PV backup system need ~5-6 hours to operate at the array’s rated output power, and that the PV backup system performance is adequate with regard to yield and performance ratios.

Residential Air Conditioning System Integrated with Packed Bed Cool Storage Unit for Promoting Rooftop Solar PV Power Generation

The increase in the share of renewable-based power in the gross power generation in most countries causes significant concerns over the addition of renewable power with the grid, results in stability issues in most developed nations. Energy storage is an emerging technology that is considered the ultimate solution in developing microgrids with distributed renewable power generation. The cool thermal storage plays a vital role in economically promoting renewable power among different storage units. The major objective of the research work is to demonstrate the integration of residential air-conditioning systems with packed bed cool storage units to promote rooftop solar power generation for residential space cooling applications. In order to achieve the said objective, an experimental investigation was made to study the charging/discharging characteristics of a packed bed cool-storage unit combined with a chiller and a cooling coil unit suitable for small capacity air-conditioning applications. The system consists of encapsulated spherical capsules filled with a phase change material blended with distilled water and pseudomonas (nucleating agent) and the heat transfer fluid as a combination of distilled water and Mono-ethylene glycol. A cooling coil unit was connected to the cool-storage tank to transfer cool energy from the storage tank to the space to be cooled when there is a demand. The important parameters, such as instantaneous and cumulative heat transfer during the charging/discharging processes, are presented. The average COP values of the chiller during the charging operation were estimated as 1, 0.93, and 0.89 when the HTF setpoint temperatures were -6°C, -9°C, and -12°C, which shows a decrease in performance as the setpoint temperature decreases. During the discharging process, a cooling load of 2.25 kW is obtained during the first cycle of operation and gradually reduces to 0.3 kW during the sixth cycle of operation. The increase in the HTF temperature during each cycle of operation indicates that the Phase Change Material (PCM) in the balls cannot release the heat as per the demand after a certain period of discharging. Hence, decreasing the internal thermal resistance by suitable measures is essential to achieve uniform heat flux and to operate the system successfully

Solar energy as natural resource utilization in urban areas: Solar energy efficiency literature review

Solar power plant is a power generator that utilizes solar cells to transform solar radiation into electrical energy. Solar cells are a direct energy technology. Electrical energy can be produced without the assistance of moving fluids such as vapour or gas. If it is compared with wind, water and biomasses powers, solar cells utilization tend to be much easier and simpler. The aim of this research is to evaluate urban areas potentials to utilize solar cells as solar power plant. The energy of the sun as a stable electricity source would never be damaged and environmental friendly. A solar power plant system is divided into several sections. Solar cells will transform solar energy into electricity. The electricity produced by solar panels will be stored in an accumulator through a charger controller. This charger controller will act as voltage and current regulator in the accumulator. Rooftop solar power plant utilization has improved as much as 170%. At this moment, there are numerous buildings and housings in urban areas that have already installed rooftop solar panels as electricity generator. Jakarta and Surabaya are two major cities that have already implement rooftop solar power plant on top of office buildings, universities, and housings. Rooftop solar power plant is an environmental friendly and a potential electricity generator to be implemented.

Arduino-based PLTS and PLN Hybrid Controller Design

Along with the technology that is starting to develop and the price is in the beginning to be affordable as well as good regulatory support from the government, solar power plant has become a new interest in today's society. The main problem of this power plant are complicated control system and quite expensive price. In this research, an Arduino-based hybrid controller has been developed to overcome this problem. The controller is designed to utilize power from power grid and the rooftop solar power. To increase system efficiency, design of the controller is based on the DC voltage for the lighting installation. Features available in this hybrid controller include overcurrent protection, two-stage battery voltage protection, automatic power transfer, timer for ON / OFF of outdoor lighting. The test results indicate that the designed controller achieves in accordance with the design requirements.