Roof Garden Research Articles

Desain Taman Atap pada Gedung SMP Pesat Bogor Berdasarkan Preferensi Pengguna

The increasing rate of urbanization on limited urban land has resulted in reduced Green Open Space (RTH) in urban areas. Therefore, the design of a roof garden on a school building can be a solution to increase the area of ​​green open space and a place for outdoor learning activities. This study aims to analyze the potential and constraints on the site so that a roof garden design can be developed according to user preferences. The stages of work refer to Booth (1983) which consist of project acceptance, research/analysis, concepts, and construction drawings. The design concept applied is inspired by the organically formed Falco peregrinus. The results of this study are in the form of a roof garden site plan as well as detailed pictures of the facilities used in the roof garden of building 3 SMP-SMA-SMK Informatika Pesat. The results of the study are expected to create a roof garden on a school building that can function as green open space and a refreshing area as well as a teaching and learning area.

Comparison of Festuca glauca 'Uchte' and Festuca amethystina 'Walberla' Varieties in a Simulated Extensive Roof Garden Environment.

One of the most effective means of increasing urban green areas is the establishment of roof gardens. They have many positive properties and ecological functions, such as filling empty spaces with plants, protecting buildings, dust retention and air cleaning. In the case of extensive constructions, mostly Sedum species are used, planted as carpet-like "grass" sods or by installing modular units as plugs; however, with the use of other plant genera, the efficiency of ecological services could be increased by expanding the diversity. Festuca taxa have good drought resistance, and these plants tolerate temperature alterations well. Their application would increase the biodiversity, quality and decorative value of roof gardens. Experiments were carried out on nursery benches imitating a roof garden, with the use of modular elements intended for Sedum species, which facilitate the establishment of green roofs. In our trial, varieties of two European native species, Festuca glauca Vill. 'Uchte' and F. amethystina L. 'Walberla', were investigated. In order to find and determine the differences between the cultivars and the effects of the media (leaf mold and rhyolite tuff), we drew inferences after morphological (height, circumference, root weight, fresh and dry weight) and physiological tests (peroxidase and proline enzyme activity). We concluded that F. glauca 'Uchte' is recommended for roof garden conditions, planted in modular elements. Although the specimens were smaller in the medium containing fewer organic components than in the version with larger amounts, they were less exposed to the effects of drought stress. This can be a key factor for survival in extreme roof gardens or even urban conditions for all plants.

Evaluation and Development of Healing Garden Based on Biophilic Design Approach in Harapan Kita Cardiovascular Hospital

Abstract The need for gardens in health facilities became the concern of Harapan Kita Cardiovascular Center Hospital (RSJPDHK). Landscape architecture research has identified the importance of therapeutic green space as a rehabilitation strategy on the physical and psychological resilience that can affect health and work performance. Therefore, the possibility to develop green space need to be designed in conjunction with the restorative function through the healing garden concept with biophilic approach. This research aims to identify the potentials and constraints of 3 chosen sites on RSJPDHK building; evaluate the healing garden value on site 1, which is an existing roof garden; and develop a biophilic-based healing garden design on sites 2 and 3, which are undeveloped roof and corridor yard. The research stages were carried out with reference to modified Booth (1984). The results showed that site 1 is suitable as a healing garden with standard criteria. Meanwhile, design development was carried out on sites 2 and 3 with the concept of healing garden and biophilic approach, entitled ‘rejuvenate’ which produced the output of design recommendations for RSJPDHK.

Ecological benefits of roof gardens and the difference of roof gardens in different regions

As a result of the rapid pace of urbanization today, environmental destruction is outpacing regeneration, and many "urban diseases" are occurring frequently. Therefore, there is a need for a facility that can protect the environment without destroying the original city - roof gardens. This paper focuses on the ecological benefits of rooftop gardens and their application in practical situations. It is found that rooftop gardens can improve air quality, store rainwater, mitigate the heat island effect and protect biodiversity. These effects have well alleviated the problems of urban air pollution, water resource stress, urban heat island effect and destruction of ecological environment. And research has found that there are already many excellent examples of the application of rooftop gardens at home and abroad, helping to confirm that rooftop gardens do indeed have the ecological benefits mentioned above, adding to the feasibility. Rooftop gardens are indispensable in the construction of future cities for the well-being of urban residents.

Analysis of Roof Garden Plant Allocation and Its Benefits in Guanzhong Area under the Background of Human Settlement: A Case Study of Yangling Demonstration Area

Taking the Yangling demonstration area as the research object, this paper analyzes the local climate and combines the micro-environmental characteristics of rooftop gardens in Yangling to explore the principles of plant configuration in rooftop gardens. It selects suitable plants for rooftop gardens and investigates their ecological benefits in improving the urban heat island effect, reducing rainwater accumulation, and purifying the air, providing a reference for the construction and management of rooftop gardens in the Guanzhong region.

Analysis of rainwater utilization technology and current situation in the roof garden

The urban water environment has been deteriorating over the last decade due to land development and climate change, increasing the pressure on urban stormwater drainage systems. With economic development, the value of buildings has also been challenged at a higher level. Roof garden, as a new form of roof treatment, can effectively increase the urban greening area and compensate for the ecological and water environments that have been damaged by building development and utilization. This paper analyzes the advancement of roof garden by comparing it with the traditional sloped roof. The analysis finds that roof gardens can store water and control drainage, and have significant advantages in reducing rainwater discharge, reducing building water demand, and improving the urban water cycle. Roof gardens not only have the ability to utilize rainwater efficiently, but also come with a series of economic, ecological, and social benefits, such as improving the urban heat island effect, saving the amount of water demanded by buildings, and energy consumption. By analyzing domestic and international cases of roof gardens, it is verified that roof gardens are designed as a combination of utility and aesthetics.

Using roof garden to alleviate urbanization problems -- A case study of Chengdu city

The accelerated process of urbanization has led to significant urbanization issues such as noise pollution, air pollution, and the urban heat island effect. Roof gardens, as an effective way to create green spaces within cities, have considerable potential to address these urbanization problems. Taking Chengdu City as an example, this paper presents a simple design for a roof garden, focusing on the infrastructure, layout, plant species, and materials of the roof garden. The roof garden was improved after establishing its potential to mitigate urban noise by initial qualitative analysis. Firstly, specific vegetation selections are made which include deciduous trees such as Cephalotaxus Harrington and shrubs like Bauhinia blakeana. which can adapt to Chengdu's climate while effectively capturing dust particles. Secondly, a water storage layer was installed, and the angle of the pavilion roof was adjusted which allows the roof garden to regulate rainwater runoff effectively and minimize potential problems as possible. Although the current roof garden design is still in the theoretical stage and requires further field research and design, it holds tremendous potential in dealing with urban issues due to its unique advantages and policy support.

Pastorale urbana. Kampung Admiralty a Singapore e il mito del villaggio

The strategies for the construction of national identity devised by the Singaporean government in the years following independence as a British colony included the evocation of an ideal original landscape, epitomized both by the tropical forests that covered the archipelago of Singapore and by the productive landscape of rural villages, or kampung in Malay. The idealized representations of these two local landscapes were entrusted to the plants selected to shape the greening campaigns accompanying the massive urbanization process that rapidly transformed Singapore into a high-density metropolis. Evolving from that approach is Kampung Admiralty, a large contemporary multifunctional building crowned by roof gardens designed by Singapore-based architectural practice WOHA, with Henning Larsen Landscape as landscape consultant. The architectural and landscape architectural complex appears as a technological celebration of the rural landscape: while the botanical associations employed suggest the varied spaces and lively atmospheres of traditional villages with their distinctive mixture of agricultural, wild, and ornamental plants species, the introduction of nature-based solutions and plant communities promoting biodiversity adapt the operational role of tropical vegetation in sustaining the survival of the community that inhabited the kampung to the needs of the contemporary city.

Grandma’s Roof Garden by Tang Wei (review)

Grandma’s Roof Garden by Tang Wei (review)

The wetland as an element of the roof garden

"Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems that retain water, protect against floods, support biodiversity, purify water, retain nutrients, and stabilize local climate conditions. Based on the advantages of natural wetlands, constructed wetlands are created and often used for grey water treatment, called eco-purifiers or root purifiers. Because of the need to use the land space for other purposes, the idea of placing a wetland on the roof has been considered. The paper presents the wetland roof as a special variant of the green roof. It focuses on three wetland roofs that were created as part of the greenIZOLA project in Slovakia over the last two years. Moreover, it summarizes the knowledge gained from the operation of the wetland roof in the climatic zone of Slovakia."

Survey on green roofs in Poland

The aim of this paper is to present the results of a survey on green roofs among potential real estate developers and users, concerning knowledge about, awareness of the benefits of, and interest in green roofs. The survey sample consisted of 151 persons – potential owner-builders from Poland. This is not a large number, but it is significant. The research sample was purposive and statistically insignificant, and the study was an initial part of a larger project. Greenery in urban settings positively affects human quality of life and health and contact with nature improves well-being and reduces stress. Roofs covered with greenery are also a sign of growing environmental awareness. In Poland, green roofs are usually a feature of public and commercial buildings. The low popularity of this solution in single-family housing has its source in potential owner-builders being unaware of the benefits of the roofs’ application, funding opportunities, and benefits in the form of a greater amount of biologically active surfaces. Currently, the technology of covering roofs with greenery is highly developed, and there are many experienced contractors who operate on the Polish market. However, there is a deficiency in knowledge about green roofs among real estate developers and prospective owner-builders, which constitutes a demand barrier. Many people are anxious about using a green roof out of fear of high construction costs and necessary greenery maintenance. This is due to misinformation, as it is possible to use an extensive, low-maintenance roof type. In the case of an intensive roof, the maintenance largely resembles that of a traditional domestic garden. The costs of creating a roof garden are higher than in the case of traditional roofing materials, but a smaller plot could be bought as a result, as a greater amount of biologically active surfaces can be obtained to meet zoning regulations. In Poland, there are currently no legal regulations that obligate or incentivise the use of green roofs. The popularity of this solution is growing, which gives hope for making cities greener. In an era of progressing climate change, building additional green spaces, including those on roofs, is a crucial remedy for the severe consequences of unsustainable urbanisation.

Application of Passive Techniques to Achieve Thermal Comfort and Minimize Energy Consumption: A case of Office Building in Composite Climate, India

Abstract: Approximately 5% of India’s total construction currently embraces sustainable design, indicating significant potential in the Indian market. The key to successful building design lies in the integration of both passive & active techniques. Emphasizing passive strategies are essential due to their cost-effectiveness & superior efficiency compared to active methods. For truly achieving sustainability it is imperative to prioritize passive strategies tailored to the local climate. Active techniques should function as supplementary elements rather than overshadowing passive approaches. The study concentrates on comprehending passive design strategies specific to India’s composite climate by analyzing case studies of various office buildings. The investigation delves into passive strategies such as orientation, fenestration, shading devices, earth touch, roof gardens, water features & landscaping. The proper use of passive techniques promotes energy saving.

The Impact of Changes in Land Use on Green Open Space and Comfort Index in Semarang City, Indonesia

Semarang City is one of the cities with the most dense population in Indonesia. The increase in the population of Semarang City causes land conversion which has an impact on increasing heat and can cause environmental problems. The results of the random classification of forests for land use in 2013-2022 are dominated by the built-up land class. Use of built-up land continues to increase from 2013-2022 by 8.84% or an area of 3410 ha. This causes a reduction in green open space by 7.59% or an area of 2928.49 Ha and is still sufficient by 30%. In the predicted use of land in 2032, the dominance of the built-up land class is 61% (23,575 ha). The availability of green open space (RTH) in Semarang City continues to decline from 2013-2032 by 9%. Where in 2032 the availability of green open space will be 29.62% or less than 30%. The relationship between green open space and comfort levels influences each other, where a reduction in green open space causes an increase in comfort levels. Directions need to be made for developing green open spaces consisting of priority 1 areas, namely adding green open spaces in each sub-district, maintaining existing green open spaces, and creating roof gardens and vertical gardens to reduce temperatures in densely populated areas. Meanwhile, priority area 2 is maintaining existing green open space in the form of urban forests and plantation areas.

Green Roof Gardens – Selecting Allergy-Friendly Vegetation: A Global Allergy and Asthma Excellence Network (GA²LEN) Position Paper

Green roof gardens are important for planetary health by mitigating the effects of urbanization. Because of the nature of green roof gardens, only particular plants can be used. The allergologic impact of these plants remains ill-characterized and guidance on building allergy-friendly green roof gardens is missing. To address this gap, we investigated the plant spectrum of several German green roof companies and categorized plants based on their primary pollination mechanism. Except for grasses, most plants were insect-pollinated and of low allergenicity. In addition, we conducted a review on the allergologic impact of plants used for green roof gardens. Our aim was to provide landscape architects with guidance on how to develop allergy-friendly green roof gardens. We highlight the need for universally accepted standards for assessing the allergenicity of roof top plants. Also, we recommend the joint development, by green roof producers and allergists, of criteria for allergy-friendly roof gardens. Their implementation may help to reduce the risk of allergen sensitization and allergy exacerbation, such as by avoiding the use of wind-pollinated plants of proven allergenicity including grasses. Green infrastructure, such as green roofs, should benefit planetary health without increasing the prevalence and burden of allergies.

Rainwater management by “green” roofs on the example of trade-business centre “Perekhrestia”, Dnipro city

The densification of urban building causes the replacement of urban green areas with negative environmental impact. Therefore, it is necessary to move to the concept of combining living plants with building structures. The concept of green construction is a universal approach that allows not only to reduce the negative impact of construction on the environment but on the contrary, to ensure a positive impact on the environment. This concept can be applied at all levels – from a single building to neighborhoods or settlements. One of the serious problems of cities is the management of stormwater runoff. They carry trash, bacteria, heavy metals and other pollutants through storm drains into local waterways. The most common means of managing urban runoff are storm sewer systems, which have the conventional name of "grey infrastructure." These systems are ageing and require expensive repairs. Due to climate change, the amount of runoff is increasing, which leads to exceeding the carrying capacity of the systems. The development of territories significantly disrupts the water balance. The sponge city allows effective solving of these problems thanks to the maximum approach of the functioning of built-up areas to unbuilt ones. In this work, a "green" roof is being developed on the roof of the "Perekhrestia" shopping and business center in Dnipro city. To do this, the volume of precipitation in the city for 2022 was analyzed. The "Roof Garden" system from the Zinko-Ukraine company was adopted. This system currently has a margin of 50% retention of precipitation falling on green areas. To dispose of water from pedestrian areas, it is necessary to install water storage tank(s). It is advisable to use this water for watering green areas or for toilet needs. Two toilets in the public toilet ensure the emptying of the tank(s) in 15 days. Increasing the number of sanitary devices simplifies the water supply system and increases the resilience of objects to climate change.

GREEN ROOFS AS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF MODERN URBAN ENVIRONMENT

The need for the realization of green roof spaces has grown significantly in the last few decades, due to increasingly compacted urban spaces, which deprives urbanized territories of green areas. The positive sanitary and hygienic effect, the retention of dust particles and the improvement of the microclimate of roof gardens is a fact. This report presents comparative analyzes with selected european examples in the construction of green roofs. Suitable plant species and their requirements for this type of environment are described. Possibilities for a more tendentious integration of this type of landscaping in Bulgaria are presented.

Computer Vision Interaction Design in Sustainable Urban Development: A Case Study of Roof Garden Landscape Plants in Marine Cities.

The rapid urbanization and the increasing need for sustainable development have led to the emergence of green roof landscapes in ocean cities. These rooftop gardens provide numerous environmental benefits and contribute to the overall well-being of urban dwellers. However, optimizing the design and interaction experience of green roof landscapes requires the integration of intelligent technologies. This paper explores the application of computer visual design techniques, specifically 3DMAX modeling and virtual reality, in the intelligent interaction design of green roof landscape plants in ocean cities. Designers can use computer visual design (3DMAX) and other technologies to interact intelligently with the roof landscape in order to improve landscape design. Through case studies, this indicated that computer vision is excellent for image processing of rooftop landscapes and also demonstrates a high degree of compatibility between computer vision and green rooftop landscape plant design in marine cities. This paper highlights the significance of intelligent interaction design and computer visual design techniques in optimizing the integration of green roof landscape plants in ocean cities. It emphasizes the potential of 3DMAX modeling and VR technology in creating immersive and engaging experiences for designers, users, and stakeholders alike. The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge in the field of sustainable urban development and provide insights for designers, policymakers, and researchers seeking to enhance green roof landscapes in ocean cities. The dissertation highlights the potential of using computer vision design techniques to enhance the roof garden landscaping process and advocates for more efficient and effective ways to design, visualize, and improve rooftop gardens by utilizing software equipped with computer vision technology such as 3DMAX, ultimately contributing to the advancement of sustainable urban landscapes.

Prospects of green roof technology as a sustainable solution to urban pollution index

This study was conducted to explore the impact of rooftop plantations on local air quality under agro-ecological conditions of Lahore and Faisalabad. An optoelectronic sensing device was used to capture particulate matter concentration, while heavy metal detection was carried out from dust samples collected randomly from different sites with no or varying levels of vegetation cover in comparison to bare roofs. It was revealed that the average particulate suspension rate was 13–24% lower on roof gardens as compared to bare roofs while a higher amounts of heavy metals were detected from bare roof dust samples. Lead was maximum in midtown and baseline areas in both cities, while it was most ubiquitous heavy metal in all locations than zinc, copper and nickel combined.The pollution load index revealed that Lahore has a higher level of pollution load as compared to Faisalabad. Moreover, pollution load index for Lahore is generalized as maximum in midtown (1.64) followed by baseline (1.48), typical roof (0.98), roof garden (0.78) while standard garden has least (0.75). In Faisalabad high pollution load index was recorded in midtown (1.48), baseline line (1.36) and typical roof (1.08) while standard garden and roof garden were scaled under low pollution level with pollution load index of 0.69 and 0.60. Results confirmed that plantation in form of big trees only or plantations with small trees, shrubs, and ground covers were effective in capturing dust and heavy metal compared to areas with no vegetation at all. Conversely, plantation on rooftop was as effective as plantation on ground compared to bare roofs for mitigating pollution load in urban areas. The present study suggested that utilizing roofs in residential and commercial areas of Faisalabad and Lahore could be an efficient strategy to counter air pollution in near future.

The assessment of biophilic features in residential buildings: a case from Dubai

PurposeThis study explores the difference in occupants' satisfaction with biophilic features in high-rises, townhouses, and villas in Dubai to identify new strategies that promote more human-nature connections. The study also serves as a benchmark for applying Biophilic Design in the Gulf region and bridging between biophilic theory and practice.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-mode approach was used, combining surveys from occupants and interviews with experts (3 policymakers, a developer, and a biophilic design educator). The survey collected occupants' satisfaction and acceptance of proposed strategies, and the interviews validated the potentially accepted solutions.FindingsThe results indicated high overall satisfaction with biophilic features despite neutral/low satisfaction with specific features. In high-rise buildings, respondents showed high acceptance for different proposed strategies; 76.4% for adaptive control of balconies by season, 82.7% for utilizing outdoor roof gardens, 78.9% for indoor gardens, and 71.8% for vertical farming. Additionally, respondents accepted social strategies; 63.6% agreed to join clubs promoting environmental events, and 75.4% accepted participating in outdoor recreational activities accompanied by local environmental education. The interviews showed an inclination toward incentive programs instead of obligations.Originality/valueUnlike former studies that assessed indoor environmental qualities without referring to biophilic theory or limited reference to biophilic design, this study provides a novel approach for bridging theory and practice by integrating biophilic design into residential buildings for Dubai's future developments. Additionally, the authors suggest validated proposals to enhance the occupants' biophilic living experience, serving as a benchmark for biophilic application in the Gulf region.

Enhancing Public Engagement in Architectural Design: A Comparative Analysis of Advanced Virtual Reality Approaches in Building Information Modeling and Gamification Techniques

Purpose: This paper investigates the potential of virtual reality (VR) technologies—specifically, building information modeling (BIM) (“Autodesk Revit”) and game engines (“Unreal Engine”)—to enhance public involvement in the design and execution of architecture and urban projects. The main research question focuses on comparing the effectiveness of these two methods in creating an interactive design model for participatory design in public spaces. Methods: The study employed a VR exploratory experiment with 33 participants, followed by semi-structured interviews to analyze two recent developments in London: the Sky Garden, and Crossrail Place Roof Garden. Participants interacted with the design models and provided feedback on their experiences. Results: The findings demonstrate that integrating VR with BIM software using the Enscape plugin effectively enhances user involvement, enabling real-time generation and testing of design alternatives. While both methods were found to be beneficial, participants reported a preference for the direct implementation of VR in BIM software. Conclusions: This research highlights the potential of VR technologies—specifically, BIM and game engines—as a co-design approach for public and social spaces in urban environments. It also identifies limitations and future research opportunities in adopting these methods for participatory design.