Romantic Relationships Research Articles

Understanding the severity of attachment injury-related stress symptoms via the reasons for forgiveness and unforgiveness identified by injured romantic partners

IntroductionFailure to provide comfort and care to a romantic partner in a moment of need for support can result in feelings of betrayal and abandonment, and impact trust. This type of relationship trauma is referred to as an attachment injury, which can have negative psychological consequences for the injured partner and for some, it is more difficult to adjust. It appears that forgiveness favors reconciliation in couples who have experienced an attachment injury, whereas unforgiveness can prevent its resolution. But, are the reasons for forgiving or not forgiving a partner associated with adjustment to an attachment injury in injured partners? ObjectivesThis mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) study aimed to (1) identify the reasons for forgiving and not forgiving an attachment injury and to organize these reasons into themes, and (2) examine the associations between the forgiveness and unforgiveness themes and the severity of injury-related stress symptoms. MethodA total of 84 participants who forgave and 50 who did not forgive their partner provided reasons for their decision and completed a measure of injury-related stress symptoms. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis and multiple regressions. ResultsSeven themes of reasons for forgiveness and eleven themes of reasons for unforgiveness were identified. The forgiveness theme Strong partner commitment to repairing the injury on the part of the injuring partner was associated with lower injury-related stress symptoms, whereas the forgiveness theme I understand my partner and/or the context in which the injury occurred was associated with higher injury-related stress symptoms. The themes of reasons for unforgiveness were not significantly associated with injury-related stress symptoms. ConclusionThis study provides a foundation for the development of a psychosocial model of forgiveness and unforgiveness among partners who experienced an attachment injury in their romantic relationship.

The Impact of Social Media Use Among Millennial Couples

Social media use (SMU) among millennials (i.e., persons born between 1981 and 1996) is considered a hallmark behavior, with nearly 79% of individuals in this age bracket reportedly using social media multiple times a day. Despite the potential benefits of social media access, this communication method impedes forming deep connections, posing detrimental consequences to enduring romantic relationships among millennials. In recent years, SMU among millennials has skyrocketed, potentially contributing to the increased relational ruptures during this time, such as increased conflict and infidelity rates. With social media providing an outlet for individuals to text, share thoughts, photos, and intimate messages—all with the possibility of evading being caught, the millennial culture is shifting the dynamics of romantic relationships. As a result, therapists are seeing an increased number of couples from the millennial culture with heightened relational dysfunction due to social media and the digital world. Now more than ever, clinicians must be equipped with the necessary skills and competencies to assist millennial romantic relationships impacted by SMU. An in-depth literature review will provide a landscape to examine the role of social media, online dating, partner selection, and issues surrounding infidelity over the last decade. This article will conclude with a case study and recommendations for best practices to help facilitate healing among millennial relationships affected by negative SMU.

Factors predicting a decrease in suicidality among young people (0-28 years old)

Abstract Background Suicide, self-harm and suicidal thoughts (i.e., suicidality) are important public health concerns. Most youth that experience suicidality find a way to overcome these affronts. Preventative public health measures require an understanding of factors that can help youth overcome their suicidality. Methods Data come from a Dutch prospective birth-cohort study that surveyed youth from age 11 to 28 (measurements 2-3 years apart). We determined the proportion of youth that experienced suicidality across seven waves and focused on changes in suicidality, and factors associated with changes in suicidality using linear discriminant analysis. We examined a mix of individual, family, peer and socio-cultural factors in line with an ecological framework, e.g. the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Results Between 4-8% of youth experienced suicidal thoughts and between 2-5% experienced self-harm across time points. Most youth (89%-94% across time points) did not experience changes in suicidality, while between 3-6% experienced a decline of suicidal thoughts and between 2-4% a decline in self-harm across time points. Discriminant analyses could correctly identify ≈90% of subgroup per case (decline, increase, stable suicidality). But, the model was not very accurate in predicting which youth belonged to the declining suicidality subgroup. Functions with best predictive ability indicated the importance of interpersonal factors; belonging to peers, parents, classmates, teachers and religion. Also, overall happiness and positive changes in romantic relationships and family had predictive value. Conclusions It remains difficult to distinguish youth who experience a decrease in suicidality. Interpersonal factors may play a role in changes in suicidality, but we need to identify new factors related to declines in suicidality. Future prospective birth-cohort study should consider including factors that may be better predictors of decreases in suicidality and mental health in general. Key messages • Factors that contribute to decreases in suicidality will enrich suicide prevention strategies, which have until thusfar mostly been informed by a risk perspective. • Interpersonal factors might play an important role in changes in suicidality among youth, which indicates we need an ecological perspective on suicidality rather than an individual perspective.

Romantic Functioning in the Aftermath of Adult Sexual Assault: A Scoping Review.

This scoping review investigates the influence of Adult Sexual Assault (ASA) on romantic functioning through an analysis of 16 studies. Four databases were searched (Google Scholar, PsycINFO, Taylor & Francis Online, and ProQuest) in June 2023 for relevant published and grey literature. Emphasis was placed on conducting analyses solely among individuals who had experienced ASA, defined in this context as non-consensual sexual contact occurring at or after the age of 18 years. The review highlighted several factors explored in existing literature, encompassing relationship satisfaction, sexual functioning, partner effects, risk assessment, and protective factors. Results yielded mixed findings on the effects of ASA on relationships and sexual functioning. Insights from the partners of individuals who have experienced ASA illuminate emotional repercussions and communication disruptions, highlighting the intricate relationship dynamics affected by ASA within romantic relationships. Moreover, the review identifies protective factors, such as enhanced relationship communication and partner support, potentially mitigating adverse romantic outcomes. The review also revealed shortcomings in the existing literature, including sparse research on ASA, limited demographic representation, and inadequate control between adult and child sexual assault. These insights inform evidence-based interventions, policy development, and future research directions, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to address ASA's multifaceted impact on survivors' romantic well-being.

Why do people share social networking site passwords with their romantic partners? The antecedents and explanations for social networking site password sharing in romantic relationships

ABSTRACT Our study examined antecedents and explanations for sharing social networking site passwords with romantic partners. U.S. adults currently or recently in romantic relationships (N = 948) completed an online survey assessing relationship characteristics and reasons for password sharing. Results indicated that relationship satisfaction, relationship length, and social networking site jealousy predicted password sharing. Younger participants were also more inclined to share passwords with their romantic partners. Partner distrust/suspicion reasons were negatively related to relationship satisfaction; relationship strength/security reasons were positively related to social networking site jealousy. Our findings suggest that future digital privacy interventions should emphasize both the benefits and risks of social networking site password sharing, as well as the additional harm that could result if an individual uses passwords to access and monitor their romantic partner’s accounts.

Effects of an online program about intimate and romantic relationships for people with mental disorders (AIRIKI): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe concept of recovery has become internationally widespread. To promote personal recovery of individuals with mental disorders, it is important that they live life on their own terms. Many people with mental disorders wish to build intimate relationships and marry. However, people with mental disorders face obstacles in building such relationships and communicating with their partners. The program AIRIKI, which means “power to love,” was developed to help people with mental disorders gain confidence in building intimate relationships. The AIRIKI pilot study with one-group pre post test showed positive effects on self-esteem, hope, and communication. Therefore, the purpose of the proposed randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to determine the effects of the videoconferencing program on self-esteem, hope, and self-confidence in communication among un-married people with mental disorders.MethodsThe proposed randomized controlled trial has two arms (intervention group and control group). After baseline questionnaire assessment, participants will be allocated randomly. Within two months of allocation, the intervention group will participate in videoconferences about intimate relationships and marriage with 2–5 participants and 3 facilitators, which will last 3 h, for two days. Three facilitators will support participants in each session. The intervention group will complete a questionnaire for outcome assessment at termination and one month after the program. The control group will complete the outcome questionnaire at one month after baseline and two months after baseline. The questionnaire will include the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Herth Hope Index (HHI), and Self-confidence in Communication Scale (SCS). Control group members can participate in a videoconference program, which will be held separately from the intervention group, after completing their outcome assessments.DiscussionThis trial is the first randomized controlled trial of which we are aware to test the effects of an online program for un-married people with mental disorders to consider and discuss their romantic relationship and marriage. The results will provide information on the effectiveness of an online program for people with mental disorders to imagine their romantic relationships and marriages.Trial registrationThis trial has been registered with the UNIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000052027; 2023/08/28).

Study of the Relationship between Communication Stance and Sense of Security among College Students in Romantic Relationship

In today's environment of openness to relationships, it is common for college students to fall in love. The effects of communication and sense of security in romantic relationships are increasingly significant. This paper aims to explore the intrinsic connection between communication styles and sense of security among college students in romantic relationships. In this work, 387 college students in romantic relationship were selected as research subjects through questionnaire survey, and the Sense of Security Questionnaire (SQ) and Satir Coping Stance Scale (SCS) were used as research tools. In this paper, the result shows that: (1) there was a gender difference in security; (2) there was a difference in the security between only and non-only child; (3) there was no significant in the security between grades and in the communication stance between genders(P>0.01); (4) congruent communication had a positive predictive effect on security, and the result of non-congruent communication were not significant. The conclusion as follows: Firstly, girls’ security is significantly lower than boys’ security. Second, non-only children’s security is significantly lower than only children. At last, congruent communication can increase individual’s level of security. These findings enrich the theoretical framework of the relationship between communication and security, and it also provides ideas on how to build a stable relationship for college students love.

Personality, Trust and Attachment among Young Adults

Young adulthood is a stage of life characterized by significant personal growth and professional development. Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristics behaviour and thought, personality dimensions are extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience. Trust is the state involving confident positive expectations about another's motives regarding oneself in situations of risk. Attachment is the deep emotional connection between two people, the dimensions of attachment are close, depend and anxiety. The objectives of the study were to examine the connection between personality, trust and attachment among young adults. 200 young adults of age 18-25 made up the sample, which included both males and females. Short version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI‐10), Trust in Close Relationships Scale and Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) were the instruments employed. The data was examined using the Spearman's correlation test. According to the study, there is no significant correlation between personality dimensions and trust in romantic relationship. And there exists a positive correlation between personality factor extroversion and attachment subscale close and there exist a negative correlation between personality factor neuroticism and attachment subscale close. And there exist a positive correlation between personality factors extroversion and agreeableness with attachment subscale depend, also there exist a negative correlation between personality factor neuroticism and attachment subscale depend. And also there exist a positive correlation between the personality factor depend and trust.

Conflict and Intimacy in Emerging Adults’ Romantic Relationships and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Identity and Couple Satisfaction

Romantic relationships in emerging adulthood may be associated with depression, but the role of possible mediators of this relationship remains to be explored. The present study tested a serial mediation model where intimacy and conflict in romantic relationships were predictors of depressive symptoms through the mediation of couple satisfaction and identity satisfaction. The study was conducted on a sample of 268 Italian emerging adults, 60% female (Mage = 19, ds = 1.4), all involved in a heterosexual romantic relationship. The results showed that the association between intimacy and depressive symptoms was direct and sequentially mediated through couple satisfaction and identity satisfaction. A single mediation pathway through identity satisfaction alone also emerged. The association between conflict and depressive symptoms was direct and sequentially mediated through couple satisfaction and identity satisfaction. These findings suggest the importance of helping emerging adults develop appropriate skills in managing conflict and intimacy in romantic relationships as useful resources for identity satisfaction and depression prevention.

Workplace Romance: A Research on Flight Attendants in Aviation Industry

The aim of this research is to examine different aspects of workplace romance experienced by flight attendants in the aviation industry. Qualitative research method was used to examine the research subject in depth. The research was guided by using the phenomenology design, which is one of the qualitative research designs. The sample of the research was determined according to purposeful sampling and saturation point methods. In this context, the sample of the research consists of 11 flight attendants working in different airline companies in Turkey. Online interview method was used as a data collection tool. The data obtained was subjected to content analysis using MAXQDA 24 qualitative data analysis program with an inductive and descriptive approach. As a result of the content analysis, the research findings were collected under five themes. These themes include: factors affecting workplace romance, factors obstructing workplace romance, types of romantic relationships at workplace, results of workplace romance and management of workplace romance. According to the findings, the reasons why male and female employees have romantic relationships at work differ; It has been observed that different romantic relationships emerge depending on the position of the partners and the reasons for the relationship, and that workplace romance have positive and negative results individually/organizationally. It is thought that the research results will contribute to the literature on the concept of workplace romance and organizational behavior in the aviation industry.

Disclosure of Sexual Trauma to Romantic Partners: Examining PTSD Clusters, Partner Reactions, Perceived Partner Responsiveness, and Relationship Satisfaction.

The present study explored the relationship between disclosure of sexual trauma to a romantic partner and relationship satisfaction for individuals who have experienced unwanted or forced sexual contact. We examined whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) clusters, partner reactions, and perceived partner responsiveness (PPR) mediated that relationship. Relationship satisfaction was significantly, positively correlated with trauma disclosure, positive partner reactions, and PPR, and significantly, negatively correlated with negative partner reactions and the PTSD clusters of avoidance and negative alterations in cognitions and mood. Trauma disclosure had a significant, indirect effect on relationship satisfaction via positive partner reactions and PPR. Findings from this study can be utilized to inform clinical interventions and guide future research for individuals who have experienced sexual trauma.

Key aspects in the development of gender identity and sexual orientation according to trans and gender diverse people: a qualitative approach.

For decades, the sexuality of trans and gender diverse people has been researched from a pathologising and medical perspective. This approach makes assumptions about the experiences of trans people, limiting concern for unique and individual experiences, especially for those with non-binary or gender diverse identities. A growing number of articles however are beginning to take the viewpoints of trans people seriously, taking into consideration their unique experiences and insights within the context of sexual and romantic relationships. This study examines the development of gender identity and sexual orientation of a group of trans individuals in Spain. Thirteen self-identified trans participants were interviewed about their sexual orientation, gender identity and the interplay between both those aspects. A constructivist grounded theory methodology was employed to analyse the data. Five major categories were identified: reinterpreting experiences through identification with gender identity and sexual orientation; questioning gender identity and sexual orientation norms; understanding the interplay between gender identity and sexual orientation; developing as a couple; and building a community. Findings highlight the dynamic and relational nature of gender identity and sexual orientation and provide further insight into the interaction of these aspects in the development of trans and gender diverse identities.

Childhood emotional maltreatment and romantic relationship satisfaction: the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas

ABSTRACT Objective Survivors of childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) often report lower levels of romantic relationship satisfaction in later life, yet the mechanisms through which this occurs are unclear. Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests a potential pathway underlying this association is early maladaptive schemas (EMS), however, research is limited. The present study sought out to clarify the association between CEM and current romantic relationship satisfaction, and whether EMS mediate this relationship. Method The final sample consisted of 230 undergraduate psychology students. An anonymous online survey was administered assessing childhood maltreatment, EMS and current romantic relationship satisfaction. Data pertaining to possible covariates were also collected. Results CEM was found to be negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction. The results of path analysis additionally revealed emotional deprivation as the only early maladaptive schema to mediate this relationship. Conclusions These findings contribute to the understanding of how CEM may be related to relationship satisfaction, via EMS. In particular, they suggest experiences of CEM may strengthen the belief that others will not meet one’s emotional needs, which in turn, may be associated with reduced levels of romantic relationship satisfaction. Implications for clinical interventions to support adult survivors of CEM are discussed.

The Impact of Social Media on Romantic Relationships in China

The vast majority of people worldwide regularly access social media on their smartphones. The increasing popularity of social media has undoubtedly impacted people's social relationships and is gradually becoming a new hotspot for research in communication, sociology, and psychology. This study sought to understand to what extent social media has affected the emotional health and relationships of real-life couples, utilizing several literature reviews and factual case studies. The study's results suggest that an individual's likelihood of experiencing negative effects on their overall emotional well-being and declining quality in their romantic relationships was positively correlated with the amount of time they spent on social media. Social media can contribute to the development and maintenance of romantic relationships to a certain extent. However, at the same time, over-reliance and blind use can hurt people's emotions, including disappointment, frustration, and social comparisons. It can cause couples to spend less time together offline in a relationship, become distracted and irritated, and erupt into more conflict. An analysis of these results and their respective implications are discussed in this research.

Young People’s Reasons for and Emotional Reactions to Sexting in Intimate Relationships

ABSTRACT Although sexting is a widespread phenomenon among today’s youth, little is known about their experiences of sexting with their intimate partners. This study addresses this gap by examining young people’s reasons for sexting and emotional reactions to sending and receiving sexts in their intimate relationships, as reported by 764 (48.7% girls) 15–20-year-olds in Finland. Both younger and older girls and boys reported mostly positive reactions to both sending and receiving sexts. However, girls reported more negative reactions than boys did. Girls’ reasons for sending sexts were more frequently related to their own desire to feel sexy or flirtatious, their need for validation from their partner, or the pressure that their partner put on them to sext, whereas boys’ reasons more often indicated normative ideas of sexting as a typical component in a romantic relationship and responding to sexts sent to them by their partners. The results suggest that although it is mostly consensual and reciprocal, sexting within intimate relationships may carry different meanings for boys and girls, reflecting gendered heterosexual norms.

Краткая версия Шкалы аутентичности в отношениях: психометрическая проверка в российской культуре

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective</strong>. Psychometric validation of the Russian-language short version of the Authenticity in Relationships Scale (AIRS), which allows you to assess the degree of authenticity in various contexts: partners, parents, friends and colleagues. <br><strong>Background.</strong> The basis of close relationships as an absolute value for different cultures is honest self-presentation, which contributes to a person’s psychological well-being and increases satisfaction with communication. Authentic relationships include unacceptability of deception and intimate risk taking. In authentic relationships, there should be no desire to produce and maintain ideas about oneself and one’s partner that do not correspond to reality. They also imply a desire for more open, close communication, i.e., revealing one’s real self to another person. To measure this quality, the Authenticity in Relationships Scale was developed in the USA and GB, which has not yet been subjected to systematic psychometric testing, although there are no analogues to this instrument in Russia, which determined the relevance of this study. <strong>Study design.</strong> Standard psychometric validation of the methodology was carried out for each of the four contexts: partners, parents, friends, colleagues. The Cronbach coefficient alpha was analyzed on the full sample of respondents; half of the respondents’ answers were selected for exploratory factor analysis, the other half for confirmatory factor analysis. <br><strong>Participants.</strong> The study involved 449 respondents aged 18 to 60 years (10% male, 90% female; average age – 27 years (min = 17, max = 60)). The study participants are Russian–speaking citizens of the Russian Federation, representatives of different professions. <br><strong>Measurements.</strong> The main method was a short version of the Authenticity in Relationships Scale, which included 10 statements for each context. Data were collected online using the 1ka.si service. Jamovi (v. 2.3.21.0) was used for data processing. <br><strong>Results.</strong> The scale is applicable only to the context of a romantic relationship. For other contexts, the original model has not been confirmed. <br><strong>Conclusions.</strong> The methodology can be applied in research and in psychological counseling to study the authenticity level of romantic relationships. The scale's applicability to other social contexts requires further testing.</p>

Men and women transitioning to singlehood in young adulthood and midlife.

Research has long shown that men suffer more from romantic breakups than women. We predicted that men would on average be less inclined to initiate separation, decline with the separation more in well-being and increase more in loneliness, are less satisfied with singlehood, and desire a new partner more than women. We theorized that these gender differences in separation adaptation could be linked to men's higher reliance on their partners for emotional support. Because socioemotional selectivity theory suggests that with age people shift toward more fulfilling social connections, we also expected men's dependency on their partners for emotional support to be smaller in midlife than in young adulthood. To examine our hypotheses, we analyzed multiyear within-person longitudinal change data from 1,530 mostly unmarried participants from the annual German pairfam study who had experienced a relationship dissolution. We applied propensity score matching to compare separation-related changes in well-being and loneliness to case-matched controls who remained in a romantic relationship. Results showed that men relative to women were less likely to initiate separation, less satisfied with singlehood, and wished for a partner more. In contrast to our expectations, the gender differences observed did not differ by age, and no gender differences were found in separation-related changes in well-being and loneliness. Dissolution-related effects on well-being were only evident for marital relationships, while dissolution-related effects on loneliness were equally strong for marital and nonmarital dissolutions. Our study suggests that previous findings on gender-specific divorce-induced changes in well-being may not generalize to nonmarital dissolutions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Personality trait similarity in recently cohabiting couples: Partner choice, convergence, or selective breakup?

Romantic partners tend to be more similar in self-reported personality traits than would be expected by chance. This similarity can be due to the choice of a similar partner, partners becoming more similar to each other over time, or dissimilar couples breaking up. To examine whether these processes (choice, convergence, or breakup) explain personality trait similarities in couples, we followed a sample of 1,180 German couples (N = 2,360 individuals; age range = 17-82 years old) from right after moving in together (ranging from 0 to 4 years after) up to 16 years thereafter. Using bivariate latent growth curve models, we found that couples were already similar in openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness in the first years of moving in together. Although couples showed correlated change in conscientiousness, this did not increase similarity. Response surface analyses showed that separation risk was generally unrelated to dissimilarity. Furthermore, romantic partners did not become more dissimilar in the years before separation. Taken together, these results suggest that personality similarity in cohabiting couples is fully driven by choosing a similar partner. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory and research on personality similarity in romantic relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Influences of Attachment on Perceptions and Reactions to Partner Drinking

This study explored the relationship between alcohol consumption within romantic relationships and the perception of a partner’s drinking problem, considering attachment. Attachment theory identifies three primary attachment styles: secure, anxious, and avoidant. It was hypothesized that the number of times a partner got drunk in the last year would be positively associated with the person’s perception of a drinking problem and that these perceptions and reactions would vary according to the individual's attachment orientation. Specifically, it was anticipated that those who are more anxiously attached would be more sensitive to their partner's drinking behaviors, perceiving them more negatively and engaging in more punitive actions, whereas avoidantly attached individuals would minimize the significance of their partner's drinking issues. 754 participants were surveyed via Qualtrics to assess frequency of partner drinking, concern about partner drinking, punishment for partner drinking, reward for partner sobriety, and attachment levels. Results showed that frequency of a partner’s drinking was related to concern about partner drinking, and that association was stronger for those with more anxious and avoidant orientations. Additionally, partner drinking was associated with more punishment behaviors for those with higher levels of anxious attachment, as well as those with higher levels of avoidant attachment. However, partner drinking was not related to reward for non-drinking based on attachment. Lastly, the perception of a partner’s drinking mediated the relationship between perceived partner drinking and punishment, with the indirect effect being stronger for higher levels of insecure attachment. Building upon these findings, future research should explore interventions tailored to different attachment orientations to better address the negative impacts of alcohol consumption within romantic relationships.

Sexual and Affectionate Behaviors and Satisfaction for Adults in Romantic Relationships: A Latent Profile Analysis.

Engaging in both sexual and affectionate behaviors with a romantic partner is often beneficial for adults' sexual and relationship satisfaction and promotes relationship stability. However, prior research has primarily examined either adults' sexual or affectionate behaviors, and has yet to explore patterns of sexual and affectionate behaviors and their associations with sexual and relationship satisfaction. In the current paper, we used a person-centered approach and latent profile analysis to identify specific profiles of adults' physical behaviors in same-gender and mixed-gender relationships, and examined associations of these profiles with sexual and relationship satisfaction. Adults (N = 336, 85.4% LGBTQ+; 45% women, 30% men, 38.6% gender-diverse; Mage = 29.07 years) who were currently in a committed romantic partner relationship for at least six months completed online surveys. We found that a 3-profile solution best fit the data and identified the following profiles: Infrequent Physical Behaviors, Affection-focused Behaviors, and Comprehensive Physical Behaviors. Adults in the Infrequent Physical Behaviors profile were less sexually and relationally satisfied than adults in the other profiles. Adults in the Comprehensive Physical Behaviors profile were more sexually satisfied than the two other profiles. Further, profiles did not differ for mixed-gender compared to same-gender or gender-diverse couples. Our findings have implications for understanding the diversity in adults' physical behavior patterns, including how clinicians might better support adults' sexual and relationship satisfaction.