Romantic Discourse Research Articles

УСПІШНА КОМУНІКАТИВНО-ПРАГМАТИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ФЕМІННОЇ ПРАГМАТИЧНО-ІНТЕРОГАТИВНОЇ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ ТАКТИКИ

The paper focuses on the pragmatic-interrogative communicative tactic at the second stage ‘Pragmatics of Romantic Relationship’ within the Feminine Romantic Discourse. The research demonstrates the potential of the complex approach to the study of the interpersonal communicative effectiveness and the causes of the communication failures. It comprises interdependent variables such as the objective (romantic place, setting, time, frequency of dates, etc.) and the subjective (gender, place of residence, age, occupation, etc.) integrative features, as well as the strategic ways, namely what should be said (semantics) and how it should be said (discourse features via verbal means). The research combines the communicative-pragmatic sphere labelled as ʻthe external contextʼ and the cognitive sphere labelled as ʻthe internal contextʼ. An analytical framework for the research of female romantic communication is an American dating and relationship reality television series «The Bachelor US» released from 2012 to 2016. The female romantic corpus is compiled from the romantic dyadic interactions of the female contestants (N=99) within the dating show «The Bachelor US». It is revealed the pragmatic communication models (N=55) presented by those who managed to achieve the communicative intention (i.e. the winners), since their ways are considered as the strategic ones. The feminine communicative moves within the pragmatic communication models are characterised by the distinguishing frequency and therefore, the successful pragmatic communication model is defined. It includes relevant (Previous Dating Experience?, Momentous Event?, Ideal Partner?, Dating Evaluation?, Personal Plans for Future?), and variable (Self-Praise?, Ideal Relationship?, Family?) feminine communicative moves in accordance with their priority. The revealed successful pragmatic communication model of the pragmatic-interrogative communicative tactic increases the chances of the interpersonal pragmatics; helps easily to overcome the communication barriers; develops the greater self-confidence of the romantic partners; excludes the risks of ruining the romantic relationship.

Mythological Indifference in Schelling and Nerval

Mythological Indifference in Schelling and Nerval

Mitos del amor romántico en una muestra de futuros y futuras docentes || Romantic love myths in a sample of trainee teachers

El profesorado desempeña una importante labor en la prevención y eliminación de la desigualdad y la violencia de género, ya que la escuela es una de las principales influencias en la socialización diferencial de género. Es por esta razón que el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar y evaluar una variedad de creencias y mitos sobre el amor romántico en una muestra de futuros maestros de la Comunidad de Madrid (España). Se utilizó la versión reducida de la Escala de Mitos hacia el Amor y se analizaron las diferencias de género en las puntuaciones obtenidas. El cuestionario fue aplicado a 433 estudiantes (76.7% mujeres y 23.3% hombres) de grados y másteres relacionados con la docencia y el magisterio, con una edad media de 21.04 (DT = 3.83). Los resultados muestran que los mitos del amor romántico más aceptados son el mito de la pasión eterna, el mito de la omnipotencia y el mito de la media naranja. Además, hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres en la aceptación de mitos del amor romántico, lo que podría deberse a la socialización diferencial de género. Las creencias distorsionadas sobre el amor podrían justificar y favorecer la violencia de género, por lo que se hace necesario reformular el discurso romántico y fomentar la igualdad real desde todos ámbitos socializadores.

케냐 마사이마라 국립 보호구의 사파리 관광에서 드러나는 현대관광의 특성

The purpose of this study is to characterize safaris as modern nature tourism that are hidden behind the romantic discourse of nature and primitiveness. This study is based on insights derived from qualitative research methodologies including participant observation of safaris in the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya and in-depth interviews with tour agencies as producers and tourists as consumers. As a result, three characteristics were identified. First, by exploring how a safari is produced and operated by an agency, the characteristic of the modern tourism industry operating according to rationality was found. Secondly, by investigating the way the Masai Mara National Reserve and safaris are managed and controlled, this study shows that the Masai Mara grassland has become an object of management and consumption by humans as a place where safaris, a modern form of nature tourism, are played out. Lastly, by examining the way tourists experience safaris, the characteristics of today's tourists, who seek authentic experiences while favoring familiarity and comfort, are identified. This study is differentiated in the aspect that tourism research has focused on practical aspects through quantitative research methodologies. It is also meaningful that the subject and geographic scope of the research are expanded by studying African safaris, which have rarely been discussed in tourism research.

Charlotte Smith's Aesthetic System and the Borders of Romanticism

Charlotte Smith's lengthy absence from popular culture has positioned her at the periphery of Romantic studies, yet the visual aspects of her prose exhibit a sustained engagement with Romantic ideals and aesthetic discourse, particularly the sublime. This article thus examines the experiences of Smith's marginalised heroines at physical borderlands in Ethelinde: or the Recluse of the Lake (1789) and Montalbert (1795) in relation to Edmund Burke's classifications of sublime and beautiful landscapes. Smith's protagonists demonstrate that small yet beautiful domestic spaces are places of reflection which provide sanctuary, whilst rugged sublime coastlines evoke extreme emotions and involve mental faculties such as the imagination. In Smith's work, there is an inherent connection between nature and selfhood which becomes the basis for an aesthetic system which expands upon Burkean terminology and constructs a framework for understanding the physical, emotional and psychological aspects of female interactions with the natural world.

Line and Lineage

Daniel Clinton, “Line and Lineage: Visual Form in Herman Melville’s Pierre and Timoleon” (pp. 1–29) This essay examines Herman Melville’s reflections on form, line, and perspective in his novel Pierre (1852) and his poems on art and architecture in Timoleon (1891), a late book of verse partly inspired by his tour of the Mediterranean during 1856–57. I argue that Melville arrives at his understanding of literary form through the language of optical perspective, particularly the terms of “foreshortening” and “outline.” I compare Melville’s figurative conception of outline with the artistic theories and practices of William Blake, George Cumberland, John Ruskin, and the artist John Flaxman, whose illustrations of Homer and Dante feature prominently in Pierre. Widely circulated as engravings by Tommaso Piroli and others, Flaxman’s clean-lined drawings fascinate Melville because they emphasize implied narrative rather than optical verisimilitude. Melville responds to a romantic discourse that positions “outline” on the conceptual boundary between sense-perception and free-floating thought, as a mediating term between competing notions of art’s truth. In both his fiction and poetry, Melville’s reflection on the materiality of pictures doubles as a reflection on the materiality of thought. The formal features of visual art suggest the workings of the mind as it flattens unconscious possibilities and disparate truths into a manageable picture of the world.

Conceptual Basis of the Structuring of the Romantic Dyad Relationship Development

The research presents the analysis of the latest approaches to structuring of the romantic dyad relationship development made by modern Ukrainian and foreign scientists. The author of the article proposes to distinguish the principal stage called 'Escalation of the romantic relations' and the relevant stages of the romantic dyad relationship development, taking into account the discursive features of the interpersonal interaction, as follows: Stage 1 – 'Initiation of the romantic relations', represented by the communicative situation 'Establishing the interactive contact', characterized by a communicative strategy 'Making the first impression', which is implemented by means of such communicative tactics as: contact-establishing; self-disclosure; emotionally-adjusting; Stage 2 – Perspective / pragmatism of the romantic relationships, presented by the communicative situation 'Intensive cognition and evaluation', characterized by a cognitively evaluative communicative strategy, which is implemented by means of the pragmatically representative, pragmatically interactive and evaluative communicative tactics; Stage 3 – love / limerence, represented by the communicative situation 'Intensification and intimacy of the communicative contact' and characterized by a limerent communicative strategy, which is implemented with the help of the intimate-affiliated and interpersonal oriented communicative tactics. According to the revealed and characterized structure of the romantic dyad relationship development within the stage 'Escalation of the romantic relations' presented by the author of the article, the definition of romantic discourse was clarified as an interactive cognitive-communicative three-stage activity which was regulated by cooperative strategies and tactics through verbal and nonverbal means of communication and characterized by sociocultural, pragmatic-situational, psychological, age, gender and psychological indicators of the romantic dyad.

Wordsworth's Dropsy: Flux and Figure in The Excursion

This essay traces how William Wordsworth engages with both Romantic medical discourse and aesthetic theory by insisting that the mind is physically embodied, and finds his most complex and compelling treatment of this subject in his long poem of 1814, The Excursion. Adapting the formal model of poesis as a hydraulic process that he had theorized in the ‘Preface’ to Lyrical Ballads, the Wordsworth of 1814 considers minds as embodied brains governed by the influx of both liquid and language: the discovery of a waterlogged Voltaire corresponds to the shape of the Solitary's psychology through the formal mechanisms of intake, excess, and outflow. In this poem, however, Wordsworth's well-established hydraulics take on a newly pathological function, as his characters employ the imagery of the dropsy of the brain, or hydrocephalus, as they investigate and attempt to treat the Solitary's morbid state of being. What emerges throughout The Excursion – and, in turn, in ‘Simon Lee’ – is that the physical register of disease stands in for the characters' emotional states as a sylleptic structure of feeling. Ultimately, Wordsworth's dropsical brains bring into focus the Romantic idea of poetry as organic form, to ask how mechanistic and organic models might be reconciled in his notion of the hydraulic mind.

Simon-Claude Constant-Dufeux and the Symbolic Interpretation of Architectural Origins in 19th-Century France

This essay examines the design by French architect Simon-Claude Constant-Dufeux of a tomb of the maritime explorer Jules Dumont d’Urville, erected in the cimetiere du Sud in Paris (today, Montparnasse cemetery) in 1844. Its unusual parabolic profile and the vivid polychromy of its surface made it something of an archetype for architects in Paris in the 1840s, who saw it as an assault on the neoclassical ideals promoted by the French Academy. In the world of the visual arts, music, and literature, Romanticism is among the most fundamental movements, a watershed moment in which art was rethought in light of the exigencies of the modern world. Romanticism in architecture, however, is more difficult to describe. Drawing on French Romantic philosophy, particularly the works of Pierre Leroux and Victor Cousin, and from archeologists, especially the work of Charles Lenormant, this essay interprets the tomb of Dumont d’Urville within the Romantic discourses of the early 19th century. It argues that the tomb’s Romanticism lay in its ability to enact a totalizing ideology, one which fused form and content, communication, and expression.

Le Periplus de William Daniell : voyage au fil du littoral et représentation esthétique en Écosse et en Asie

Among the most pervasive visual characterizations of Scotland’s shores are those produced by William Daniell for A voyage round Great Britain (1814–1825), a monumental project comprising more than three hundred aquatints. Daniell worked as a colonial artist in and around South Asia prior to taking on extensive depiction of the domestic landscape. This essay not only explores the relationship between his imagery of littoral sites in Asia and Britain, but juxtaposes Daniell’s project with poetry and prose by Sir Walter Scott and a little-known essay by Reverend William Gilpin to ascertain the artist’s commitment to both picturesque and Romantic discourse. It is demonstrated here that Daniell’s imagery of Scotland’s coastline has a good deal in common with his own published representations of sites along the Indian Ocean and South China Sea, not because of actual similarities of topography but due instead to the discursive frameworks he employed.

Разговор при знакомстве: Конверсационный анализ быстрых свиданий

The article is dedicated to the analysis of talks during acquaintance on the content of recordings of speed dating. The issue of research of the romantic discourse is taken into account. The format of speed dating is described, which is not only a unique cultural and socio-psychological phenomenon and a special genre of dialog, but is also regarded as a promising methodology of communication, interpersonal relationships and attraction studies. The review of studies, based on this methodology is presented. Special consideration is given to the method of conversation analysis, created by H. Sacks et al. at the end of the 1950s to solve applied problems of expertise in phone-calls, which belongs to the group of qualitative methods of research in social sciences and is oriented to the detailed analysis of short episodes of talks of the two or more interlocutors. A model of analysis of mundane talks is proposed, which includes elements of the scene-context, the general design of the talk, ways to change the sequence of speech, recurring patterns, communicative difficulties and institutional specifics of the talks. The results of empirical research on young people (N = 48) during the process of acquaintance at the speed dating parties is presented. The phenomena of talks in this situation are found and described: typical and atypical ways to start the talk, the increase in the size of the turns during the communication, pattern “question-answer-commentary”, the search for mutual similarities as a strategy of the talkers, recapturing of initiative, the direct transference of the turn, the change of the theme as a way to avoid confrontation, speech patterns to soften misunderstanding, hesitations and their influence on the talk, clarifications, the conveyor of the interaction, the transference of content and postponed reaction, the “telegraphic style”, the lack of finishing lines in a dialog, the gender asymmetry of the interaction.

Afektonimy jako przedmiot badań lingwistycznych (na materiale listów Wojciecha Kossaka do żony)

In this paper an attempt is made to examine affectionate names defined as substitute forms of proper names typical of private, romantic discourse. The study consists of two parts: The first section is dedicated to discussing and arranging research already done on affectionate language (terminology in use, definitions, affectionate names vs. „affectiva”, the grammar and stylistics of affectionate names, and thematic description). In the second part of the paper linguists’ approaches to affectionate names are verified empirically. The material under investigation is the collection of names used by Wojciech Kossak in his long-term (1883–1942) correspondence with his wife. The analysis confirms scholars’ outcomes in the field regarding: 1) the formal and stylisticdifferentiation of affectionate names, 2) the thematic fields typical of these language units, 3) and the dominance of appellative nicknames. The findings also indicate that the use of so-called terms of endearment depends on the context, giving the speaker some freedom as far as the choice of various language items is concerned. The author of the paper concludes that affectionate names seem to constitute an open set in which lines are blurred. In addition, it is mostly the competence of the participant of intimate communication that influences the form of affectionate names, so that they become typical or original.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ АРХЕТИПИЧЕСКИХ СТРУКТУР В ЯЗЫКОВОЙ И МЕНТАЛЬНОЙ КАРТИНАХ МИРА (на примере романтического и символистского дискурсов)

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ АРХЕТИПИЧЕСКИХ СТРУКТУР В ЯЗЫКОВОЙ И МЕНТАЛЬНОЙ КАРТИНАХ МИРА (на примере романтического и символистского дискурсов)

Sweetening the deal: dating for compensation in the digital age

This paper explores the online ‘sugar dating’ phenomenon, the proliferation of websites that connect ‘sugar daddies’ and ‘sugar mamas’ with ‘sugar babies,’ in order to better understand the kinds of meanings informing and derived from the pursuit of openly commodified relationships. Qualitatively analysing discourse on a popular ‘sugar dating’ blog, I argue that ‘sugar dating’ cultivates a disposition to and through paid intimacy that differs from both romantic love and more explicit forms of sex work. Discussed along economic and emotional dimensions, blog participants embrace the economic underpinnings of their instrumental uses of intimacy, but they also invoke romantic discourses of chemistry, connection, and personal choice and the morality of economic exchange, demonstrating a refusal to see their relations as work and solely driven by market logic. These differentiations help to buffer social stigma and represent the social acceptability of instrumental intimacy as a neoliberal strategy for coping with economic and social conditions, but also make it harder to identify the labour of ‘sugar dating’ and further disenfranchise sex workers as they reinforce social distinctions in order to legitimize these relations.

The Right to Work, the Right to Live

ABSTRACT This essay situates within Romantic discourse the twinned histories of two notions of “the right to work”: le droit de travailler and le droit au travail. It examines the rationales for each, their appearance in crucial texts of Romantic literature, and their implication for more recent debates about the right to work, both in and out of the academy.

‘Les lendemains de révolution avortée’: Nathalie Etoke's bipolar narratives of doomed national romance

Nathalie Etoke’s novels Un amour sans papiers (1999) and Je vois du soleil dans tes yeux (2008) deal with the hardships of the African postcolonial condition in the global era through the trope of doomed romance. In these novels, the plight of the postcolonial nation-state drives people to emigrate in a search for more viable prospects. While the mobility theme addressed in her novels is typical of third-generation African literatures in general, Etoke’s vision simultaneously struggles against the postnationalist currents informing this literary paradigm. Indeed, Etoke’s novels are quite loud and didactic in their articulations of political commitment towards the nation and the continent. Etoke holds on to the anticolonial romance narrative, but at the same time cannot ignore its inevitable failures in the present. This leads to a tension that marks her work by giving it a bipolar character, one that manifests itself in the constant oscillation between utopianism and disillusionment. The bipolar quality of the texts betrays a discomfort that the narratives’ promotion of an anticolonial struggle for nationhood and decolonisation generate in a postcolonial era that keeps witnessing the failures of these romantic discourses to realise themselves. A close reading of the novels reveals that this discomfort finds its articulation in the narrative fabric of the texts.Keywords: anticolonial romance narrative, bipolar narratives, Nathalie Etoke, postcolonial condition

Interdiscursive strategies of metaphor-driven rhetoric in Romanian discourses on a political crisis

Interdiscursive strategies of metaphor-driven rhetoric in Romanian discourses on a political crisis

The Capital and the Romantic Sublime: The Case of Thomas De Quincey

This paper aims to explore the idea that the formulation of the modern discipline of economics involved a discourse on the romantic sublime. By using the example of Thomas De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (1821), it will address the issue of money and knowledge as two formative experiences in De Quincey's life. Unlike his literary model, William Wordsworth, who is eager to build up his ‘egotistical sublime’ (Keats's phrase), De Quincey is intent on registering his traumatic memories and resultant disorders and neuroses. Thus, he builds up a new type of romantic subjectivity where his personal accumulation of debt can be read as an encounter with the sublime, and it runs parallel to Britain's ever-increasing national debt. The sublime in De Quincey's Confessions carries an ideological burden as it affirms the subsistence of a middle-class individual and his right to participate in the discourse of the sublime. However, De Quincey falls from his middle-class position and becomes one of the poor where his access to the sublime experience is utterly denied. De Quincey's London experience is measured against Wordsworth's London experience in The Prelude (1805) and by experiencing the ‘negative sublime’ (Weiskel), he puts Wordsworthian ethics into practice. Thus, De Quincey's Confessions shows the tensions inherent in the romantic discourse of the sublime in a manner which connects romantic modes of subjectivity to the rising capitalist society.

Sexual Intimacy Constructions of Heterosexual Couples Living in a Low-Income, “Colored,” Farmworker Community in South Africa

This study has been motivated by the scarcity of research that adopts an unproblematic focus on sexuality in South African Black and Colored low-income communities. We explored the sexual intimacy constructions of 15 Colored married/cohabiting couples who live in a low-income, historical South African farmworker community. Using a social constructionist thematic analysis method, we identified four themes: (a) metaphoric and indirect sexual language; (b) the use of a romantic discourse to talk about sexual experiences; (c) male-centered sexual relationships; and (d) lack of privacy brings both restriction and pleasure. We consider how these themes may be linked to the participants’ community context and colonial and apartheid history. Finally, we emphasize the need for research that also explores positive sex functions and experiences rather than focuses narrowly on problematic sexual behavior.

The “Other” Robert Bloomfield: “To Immagination” (1800) and the Quest for an Authentic Poetic Voice

ANDREW RUDD The “Other” Robert Bloomfield: “To Immagination” (1800) and the Quest for an Authentic Poetic Voice T he opening of robert Bloomfield’s the farmer’s boy: a rural poem (1800) tells the reader very emphatically what sort of poem it is not: No deeds of arms my humble lines rehearse; No Alpine wonders thunder through my verse, The roaring cataract, the snow-topt hill, Inspiring awe, till breath itself stands still; Nature’s sublime scenes ne’er charm’d mine eyes, Nor Science led me through the boundless skies[.] Instead, it promises to depict “meaner objects” and “retrace the paths of wild obscurity,” positioning its author as someone whose principal con­ cerns are rural life and labor, who has not traveled to witness exotic natural wonders, who is not well educated and who, in both senses of the term, knows his place. This is the image of Bloomfield that Wordsworth and Coleridge responded to so enthusiastically when they read parts of the poem in the Summer of 1800.1 It is still the received idea ofBloomfield for An earlier version of this essay was delivered as a talk at the Robert Bloomfield Society and subsequently published in the Robert Bloomfield Society Newsletter, Spring 2012. I am grateful to the Society for their initial invitation and for permission to republish the material in expanded form. 1. Bloomfield, The Farmer’s Boy; a Rural Poem (London: Vernor & Hood, 1800), 95. For Wordsworth and Coleridge’s reaction to The Farmer’s Boy (in a letter from Coleridge to James Webbe Tobin), see Simon White, Robert Bloomfield, Romanticism and the Poetry of Com­ munity (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007), 1. SiR, 55 (Summer 2016) 239 240 ANDREW RUDD many of his readers and not unreasonably so, given that, at first glance, ru­ ral themes underpin the majority of his poetic output, from Rural Tales, Ballads, and Songs (1802), Good News; or, Tidingsfrom the Farm (1804), Wild Flowers (1806) to The Banks of Wye (1811) and May-Day with the Muses (1822), his last published collection. Insofar as Bloomfield is known to the general reader at all, he is still likely to be categorized as a “rustic” versifier of the English countryside. Yet a very different Bloomfield emerges in “To Inimagination,” a roughly contemporaneous but unpublished poem brought to light and ana­ lyzed in 2009 by Tim Fulford.2 Here, Bloomfield seemingly goes out of his way to include all the elements he chose to reject from The Farmer’s Boy: “To Immagination” does describe scenes of conquest and deeds of arms; it does depict mountainous wonders; and, at its climax, it does transport the reader to the “sublime scenes” of Niagara Falls. The reader may well ask: was Bloomfield the poet interested in such grandiose spectacles or was he not? Which poem represents the “real” Bloomfield? These are increasingly important questions given the valuable recovery work that has taken place in relation to the laboring-class literary tradition by John Goodndge, Bridget Keegan, William Christmas, and numerous others.1 Where once laboring-class authors might have been regarded as writing with a broadly cohesive sense of purpose on the basis of their shared social backgrounds, recent scholarship emphasizes the individual differences between authors and the multiplicity of ways in which laboring-class writers could engage with, vary, or reject established canons of polite taste; as Goodridge writes in the introduction to the seminal anthology Eighteenth-Century English Laboring-Class Poets (2003), “one thing these writers have rarely been al­ lowed is simply to be poets.”'1 In “To Immagination,” a close reading ofwhich will form the main sub2 . Fulford, “To ‘crown with glory the romantick scene’: Robert Bloomfield’s 'To Immagination’ and the Discourse of Romanticism,” Romanticism 15, no. 2 (July 2009): 181200 . The poem appears in “Poems and Papers of Robert Bloomfield, of Honington, the shoemaker poet, and of Charles, his eldest son; 1791-1825,” BL Add. MS 30809 tf. 1-7. “Market Night” follows on If. 8—9. Subsequent references to the poem will be from this edi­ tion and cited in the text. The original spelling and punctuation from the MS have been re­ tained. 3. Goodridge, Rural Life in Eighteenth-Century...