Romanian Version Research Articles

Validation of the Internet entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale among Romanian technical students.

This study's aim is to evaluate the Romanian version of the Internet Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Scale (IESES), a new assessment scale for online entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and estimate its psychometric properties in a sample of engineering students (N = 644; 317 females). The scale was translated and adapted into Romanian through a forward-backward method. The factorial structure was investigated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and multigroup-CFA for gender invariance. The scale was associated with instruments that measure entrepreneurial intention both traditionally and in the online environment (Individual Entrepreneurial Internet Scale and Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire) and components from the Theory of Planned Behavior (attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control). McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to assess reliability. Traditional statistics are complemented by network analysis. Results show that adequate matching items for the 3-factor model and complete gender invariance is maintained. The three factors are associated with the internet and traditional entrepreneurial intention, and the components from the theory of planned behavior (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control). Internal consistency is excellent because α and ω values range between 0.834 and 0.919. In addition, discriminant validity was demonstrated. The network analysis suggests the relevance of technology utilization in the self-efficacy of online businesses in the case of engineering students. Overall, findings enable us to conclude that the Romanian version of the IESES is a valid, accurate instrument that can be implemented to evaluate self-efficacy related to the successful execution of an online business.

“And They Joined Him in Elphegor”: on the Relationship Between the Romanian Translation of the Palaea Historica and Its Slavonic Model

The Palaea Historica, a Byzantine apocryphal text from the 9th century, was translated into Romanian between the late 16th century and the early 17th century via a Slavonic intermediary. Although the Romanian text was edited and published in full in 2001, recent developments in the academic discussion around the Slavonic version of the Palaea Historica have led to the publication of an edition of the second Slavonic translation in the year 2016, thereby raising the question of whether the Romanian text was solely influenced by the first redaction or not. This study is a continuation of the author’s previous research on the Romanian version’s relationship with the two Slavonic redactions, with more focus being given to grammatical peculiarities and loci obscuri that were highlighted by the editors of the Romanian manuscripts as having been stemmed from the Slavonic text’s influence. These passages are analyzed in comparison with the two Slavonic translations and the Greek original, allowing for a better perspective on how dependent the Romanian grammatical constructions were on their Slavonic model. Finally, this study refers to an onomastic confusion between Abraham’s brother and Abraham’s father, which is avoided or possibly Romanian version.

Romanian Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (BERQ-RO)

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to adapt the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to the Romanian population and assess its psychometric proprieties. Participants included 399 adults, aged between 18 and 67 years old (M = 25.30, SD = 9.20; 83% females). Related to reliability and construct validity, results showed good indices. Additionally, results replicated the original five-factor structure, including seeking distraction, withdrawal, actively approaching, seeking social support and ignoring. These subscales showed good criterion validity, having significant associations with cognitive emotion regulation strategies, stress, anxiety and depression, and positive and negative affectivity. Furthermore, in terms of predictive validity, seeking distraction and actively approaching negatively predicted six months later symptoms of depression, withdrawal positively predicted six months later symptoms of depression and anxiety, while actively approaching negatively predicted six months later stress. These findings highlight that the Romanian version of the BERQ could be a helpful tool to assess emotion regulation strategies among adults.

The Romanian translation and validation of the Extended Prostate Cancer Index Composite in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.

To evaluate the quality of life in patients treated for prostate cancer in detail, an accessible, extensive, and easy-to-administer questionnaire is needed. The self-administered 50-item "Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite" (EPIC) is an instrument used for this purpose, but it is not officially translated into Romanian. The aim of the study was to translate and validate the Romanian version of the EPIC. We translated and culturally adapted the EPIC into Romanian. For validation, we included a retrospective analysis of 112 patients who underwent robotic radical prostatectomy and a prospective study including 120 consecutive patients hospitalized before surgical treatment. Baseline and follow-up assessments took place before and at six months, two, and five years post-surgery, between January 2014 and December 2015. We performed cross-sectional correlations between the EPIC, AUASI, and SF-12 at baseline, factor analysis, and calculated the internal consistency. For most EPIC domains and subscales, our a priori-defined criteria for reliability were fulfilled (Cronbach's alpha 0.7-0.9). Cross-sectional correlations between EPIC scales and AUASI domain ranged from 0.23-0.69, and SF-12 domains ranged from 0.21-0.53 and 0.22-0.61, respectively. The retrospective analysis showed a medium acceptability and understanding of the EPIC questionnaire. In the prospective study, the revised EPIC draft showed an overall higher acceptability with a responding rate of 66% at a 5-year follow-up. All domains exhibited good internal consistency except for the hormonal section (Cronbach's α = 0.67) at the 6-month follow-up. The Romanian version of the EPIC is reliable, responsive and valid for measuring HRQL in prostate cancer patients. The EPIC questionnaire proved to be an exhaustive and reproducible instrument for evaluating the quality of life in Romanian prostate cancer patients.

Measurement invariance of the Child Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire-Short Form across parental versions, age, gender, clinical status, and time

This study aimed to investigate the factorial structure and measurement invariance of the Romanian version of the Child Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire- Short Form (Child-PARQ, short form) across parents, age, gender, clinical status, and time. Participants were 1,237 youths (community sample: N = 1,033; clinical sample: N = 204) aged 11–18 years old. The analysis was conducted using RStudio. The factorial structure of the scale was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, and measurement invariance was examined via multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Results confirmed the original four-factor model for both the PARQ-Mother and the PARQ-Father. For the PARQ-Mother, we found measurement invariance across gender and time, and partial measurement invariance across age and clinical status. Regarding the PARQ-Father, we confirmed measurement invariance across gender, age, and time, and partial measurement invariance across clinical status. Finally, we demonstrated measurement invariance across the PARQ-Mother and the PARQ-Father. Criterion validity was also demonstrated by finding significant associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms, as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Overall, the present findings suggest that the Child-PARQ (short form) is a valuable tool with acceptable psychometric properties for assessing perceived parental acceptance-rejection in preadolescents and adolescents.

Psychometric properties and invariance of the Police Stress Questionnaire in the Romanian context

This research evaluates the psychometric properties of the Romanian version of the Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), featuring operational and organizational stress scales for police officers. We conducted three studies to test the reliability and validity of this questionnaire. The first study (N = 744) aimed at adapting and validating the Romanian version on the specific population. Confirmatory factor analysis of our two-factor model, each with 20 items grouped in a second-order factor, showed the good value of the fit indices: χ²(738) = 1420.11, p < .001; CFI = 0.992; TLI = 0.992; RMSEA = 0.035 [90% CI 0.033, 0.038]; SRMR = 0.059. Subsequently, we tested measurement invariance, demonstrating that the Romanian version of this questionnaire measures workplace stress (including operational and organizational stress factors) independently of the work environment (police officers vs. correctional officers). The second study (N = 394) confirmed PSQ’s convergent validity through positive correlations with stress perception, burnout, mental health complaints, and psychological distress and its discriminant validity through negative correlations with job satisfaction and work engagement. The third study tested the longitudinal invariance of the stress questionnaire for police (N = 317). The findings suggest that the PSQ is a reliable and valid tool, highlighting its significant impact on the well-being of Romanian police officers by facilitating stress management interventions through baseline and ongoing stress assessment. Future research should longitudinally assess police stress, incorporating multi-source data and diverse units, as well as exploring the impact of socio-demographic aspects for broader insights.

Translation and validation of a Romanian version of the Breast Appreciation Scale (BrAS)

The 9-item Breast Appreciation Scale (BrAS; Swami et al., 2022) is a recently developed instrument that assesses a woman’s positive breasted experiences. To date, however, the psychometric properties of the BrAS have only been investigated in English-speaking women. Here, we report on the translation and validation of a novel, Romanian version of the BrAS. A total of 555 cisgender women from Romania completed a Romanian translation of the BrAS along with additional measures of body image and psychological well-being. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified a stable unidimensional model of the BrAS, with all nine items retained. Additionally, the Romanian BrAS evidenced complete invariance (i.e., through to latent mean invariance) across mothers and non-mothers, though mothers had higher observed scores than non-mothers. Evidence of convergent, concurrent, and incremental validity was very strong when based on observed BrAS scores, but slightly weaker when based on latent BrAS scores. In particular, greater latent breast appreciation was significantly associated with higher body appreciation, lower breast size dissatisfaction, and higher self-esteem. Overall, these results suggest that the psychometric properties of the Romanian BrAS are robust and that the instrument can be effectively deployed in this linguistic context.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Romanian Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Scoring System for Patients with Extremity Bone Sarcomas.

Background and Objectives: Primary malignant bone tumors are rare lesions, and their complex treatment can lead to functional impairment. It is important to have a postoperative assessment tool for patients' functional outcomes to be evaluated and to consequently adapt future treatments in the pursuit of a continuous improvement of their quality of life. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) is a validated specific system score that is used frequently in the follow-up of these patients. We found no information about a valid translated Romanian version of this score neither for the upper limb nor for the lower limb. We proposed in this study to translate the original version of the MSTS Score into Romanian and to perform validation analysis of the Romanian-language MSTS Score. Materials and Methods: We selected 48 patients who underwent limb-salvage surgery after resection of bone sarcomas. Patients were interrogated twice according to the translated Romanian version of the MSTS Score during their follow-up. The translation was performed according to the recommended guidelines. A total number of 96 questionnaires were valid for statistical analysis. Results: Internal consistency and reliability were good for both sets of questionnaires' analytic measurements, with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.848 (test) and 0.802 (retest). The test-retest evaluation proved to be statistically strong for reproducibility and validity with Spearman's rho = 0.9 (p < 0.01, 95% CI). Conclusions: This study permitted the translation of this score and the validation of psychometric data. Our results showed that the Romanian version of the MSTS is a reliable means of assessment of the functional outcome of patients who received limb-salvage surgery for the upper and lower extremities.

Psychometric evaluation of the PCL-5: assessing validity, diagnostic utility, and bifactor structures

ABSTRACT Background: The changes DSM-5 brought to the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) resulted in revising the most widely used instrument in assessing PTSD, namely the Posttraumatic Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Objective: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Romanian version of the PCL-5, tested its diagnostic utility against the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5), and investigated the latent structure of PTSD symptoms through correlated symptom models and bifactor modelling. Method: A total sample of 727 participants was used to test the psychometric properties and underlying structure of the PCL-5 and 101 individuals underwent clinical interviews using SCID-5. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were performed to test the diagnostic utility of the PCL-5 and identify optimal cut-off scores based on Youden's J index. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) and bifactor modelling were performed to investigate the latent structure of PTSD symptoms. Results: Estimates revealed that the PCL-5 is a valuable tool with acceptable diagnostic accuracy compared to SCID-5 diagnoses, indicating a cut-off score of >47. The CFAs provide empirical support for Anhedonia, Hybrid, and bifactor models. The findings are limited by using retrospective, self-report data and the high percentage of female participants. Conclusions: The PCL-5 is a psychometrically sound instrument that can be useful in making provisional diagnoses within community samples and improving trauma-informed practices.

Translation, reliability and validity of the Romanian version of orthognathic quality of life questionnaire (OQLQ)

Translation, reliability and validity of the Romanian version of orthognathic quality of life questionnaire (OQLQ)

Validity and reliability of the Romanian version of the Hill-Bone compliance to high blood pressure therapy scale.

Romania is considered a country with high cardiovascular risk, arterial hypertension and its complications accounting for about 60% of total deaths. The management of high blood pressure often involves a combination of both therapeutic regimens as well as lifestyle changes, to which patients have to be adherent. In order to assess patients adherence to professionals' recommendations, validated tools are needed. The aim of our study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale into Romanian. The study included 215 participants from Iasi, North-Eastern Romania. The internal consistency of the instrument was measured with Cronbach's alpha coefficient, while the construct validity was determined using exploratory factor analysis and principal component extraction with promax rotation. Sampling adequacy and appropriateness of data for factor analysis was measured using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) statistics and Bartlett's test of sphericity. Our statistical analysis revealed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.733 (73.3%) and a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Measure of Sampling Adequacy of 0.697. The chi square test demonstrated that the overall perfect adherence was not significantly associated with the number of medications taken per day variable (p = 0.721). The Romanian version of the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale demonstrated suitability for its use in evaluating adherence in the intended population.

Theoretical Approaches to the Interpretation of Stylistic and Poetic Terminology: Between Traditionalism and Modernism

So far we have only one truly philological translation of Shakespeare's sonnets in our culture, and that partial one belongs to Andrei Ion Deleanu, who deals only with the last 28 sonnets (CXXVII - CLIV), dedicated to Lady Brune. (Andrei Ion Deleanu, The Dark Lady of the Sonnets, annotated Romanian version of 28 of William Shakespeare's sonnets, Dacia Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca, 1978). On the other hand, there are several complete or partial versions by renowned Anglicists or writers (even poets), such as Leon Levițchi, Dan Grigorescu, Mihail Sebastian, Petre Solomon, Ion Frunzetti, Gheorghe Tomozei, etc. Their concern is to respect the formal/prozodic rigours of the sonnet (fixed-form poetry) and the overall content of these poems. The solution that we will propose aims to reconcile both types of translation that can be met. We believe that in doing so, both Shakespeare and our culture would benefit more. A translation that is both faithful and beautiful can be achieved, though of course the absolute cannot be attained. However, for such an undertaking, it is appropriate to take into account several aspects, which we will mention below. Among them, we should also bear in mind the concepts of fairness and appropriateness, taken in a Cartesian sense

Validity and Reliability of the Romanian Version of a Modified Short Form of Fear of Dental Pain Questionnaire.

The design of the study was cross-sectional. Data were collected through an online questionnaire completed by university students, administered from January to March 2024. The survey included information about past dental treatments, the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), and items of s-FDPQ. 186 participants were included in the study. The Romanian version of the modified s-FDPQ had a good reliability Sperman-Brown coefficient is 0.878, and Cronbach alpha is 0.92. The questionnaire had a good convergent validity, with all items being moderately correlated with the DAS score. The one-factor model was tested and has a good fit according to the confirmatory factor analysis. The participants were afraid of pain mostly regarding having a wisdom tooth extracted or a dental implant inserted. A statistically significant higher fear of dental pain was observed in those who did not previously have a root canal treatment (p=0.008) and in those who had dental implants in the past (p=0.046). Those attending regular dental check-ups had lower levels of fear of dental pain. The Romanian version of s-FDPQ, modified by adding a question about dental implant insertion, has good reliability and validity. Fear of dental pain seemed to be influenced by features of dental procedures and previous dental experience.

Rereading “Danube” After Thirty Years. Bucharest in Claudio Magris’ Book

The article marks the anniversary, in 2024, of thirty years since the publication of the Romanian translation of the famous Danube (Milan, Garzanti, 1986) by Claudio Magris, which had immediately earned him the Bagutta Prize 1987, consecrating him among the highest contemporary Italian writers. The Romanian version was released in 1994 at the Univers publishing house in Bucharest in the “Spectrum” series, with the translation of the historian Adrian Niculescu, who was exiled to Italy in the 1980s. The proposed analysis is based on the presentation of the material concerning Romania within the literary work, as a premise of the speech on the Mitteleuropa versus the Europe of the South-East. Among the four historic Romanian regions, three can be identified as the main topics of the volume: Banat, Transylvania and Wallachia (Moldova is missing, as it does not concern the Danubian journey), with the mention that Banat and Transylvania are treated in a distinct chapter entitled Nonna Anka, while the other part of the Romanian territory, Wallachia, appears in the Matoas chapter. Claudio Magris’ literary image of Bucharest manages to configure the urban identity in its peculiarities deriving from the overlap of three different layers with paradigmatic value, corresponding to the main stages of its historical development.

The Need for Retranslating Literature

The current paper addresses the issue of the necessity for producing retranslations of a literary source text into the same target language. Firstly, it briefly reviews a selection of scholarly publications with a view to clarifying the meanings of the term ‘retranslation’ and to identify factors that underlie this necessity and the strategies translators resort to during the process. Secondly, the paper proceeds with a qualitative analysis of two Romanian versions produced by the same translator (Petru Comarnescu) of Daniel Defoe’s novel entitled “Robinson Crusoe”.

Applicative Study on Work Related Stress in Transport Field

The paper presents some results of an applicative study on work related stress in transport activities. The premises of this research derived from a pilot study concerning psychosocial risk factors that could determine work related stress and effects on work behaviour and health state that was developed involving five fields of activity with high exposure on work related stress (education, health, transport, banks, financial consulting). The study aimed to identify the main psychosocial risk factors in transport field and to analyse the specific results in correlation with the outcomes of the pilot study. A complex ergonomic methodology was used, and one of the main instruments used to identify psychosocial factors was the Romanian version of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ).

A Romanian adaptation of the Recovery Experience Questionnaire: Psychometric properties and measurement invariance across general and educational sector employees

Abstract Finding a balance between work-invested effort and recovery moments represents one of the key paths to preserving employee health and well-being. The present research aims to facilitate this line of study in the East European context by adapting the Recovery Experience Questionnaire (REQ; Sonnentag &amp; Fritz, 2007) to the Romanian culture. Based on two cross-sectional designs, the REQ was administered online to Romanian employees from various occupations (N = 264, Study 1), and to a sample of Romanian higher education professionals (N = 176, Study 2). Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, which supported the first-order four-factor structure and the two-factor second-order model of REQ. Nomological validity received support through the expected correlations between the recovery experiences factors and antecedent job demands (i.e., work pressure, role conflict) and an antecedent resource (i.e., autonomy). Criterion validity was sustained by the concurrent relationships with consequences of recovery (i.e., work engagement, job performance, mental and physical health complaints). REQ demonstrated excellent reliability with internal consistencies marginal to or above .90. Moreover, the instrument was invariant across genders and study populations. Overall, the present research suggests that the Romanian version of the REQ is an adequate measure that can be used in this cultural context to assess recovery experiences.

Psychometric properties of the Romanian version of the borderline personality questionnaire in a sample of nonclinical adults

People with borderline personality disorder (BPD) feel instability in self-image, affects and relationships. The current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ) in a sample of 737 nonclinical Romanian adults. Results indicated mostly satisfactory internal consistency for the subscales and high internal consistency for the total score of the scale. A factor analysis showed a one-factor solution that accounted for 50.21 % of the observed variance. Evidence for convergent validity, tested by evaluating the associations between borderline traits, anxiety, depression, stress, life satisfaction and impulsivity traits, was confirmed, but the assumptions for divergent validity were not met. Results are discussed considering previous studies. Future research is needed to fully evaluate its psychometric properties.

Stroke self-efficacy questionnaire (SSEQ), a reliable measure of disease burden: psychometric validation of the Romanian version

Self-efficacy is a relevant outcome measure of functional status in stroke research. It can be measured with various patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools, which can be generic or disease (stroke) related. However, in Romania, there is a limited availability of such measures. The Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire(SSEQ) is a specific PRO scale that measures the impact of stroke on self-management and on performance of daily activities. We conducted a two-stage study: (1) translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SSEQ-Romanian version (SSEQ-RO) and (2) a prospective cohort clinical study designed for psychometric validation of the SSEQ-RO. For the enrolled stroke patients, Barthel index, quality of life and indexes of disease severity, such as NIHSS, MRC and mRS, were measured at baseline and ten days. For psychometric validation we assessed construct validity, reliability and repeatability. In a sample of fifty stroke patients, SSEQ-RO was found to have an excellent construct validity, excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92), and repeatability (ICC = 0.91). SSEQ-RO was also a good measure of disease burden in mild versus moderate to severe stroke as assessed with NIHSS (p = 0.002). In conclusion, for stroke patients, SSEQ-RO is a reliable PRO able to assess the impact of stroke on the ability to perform daily activities and, therefore can reliably be used to monitor functional status dynamics during the disease course.

Psychometric Properties of Romanian Version of the Ethical Values Assessment Questionnaire (EVA, EVA - SF)

The objective of the present research is to translate and adapt The Ethical Values Assessment Questionnaire (EVA, EVA - SF) to the Romanian population. EVA is a self-assessment questionnaire with two versions (EVA, EVA – SF), 18 - items version (EVA) and a short version (EVA-SF) with 12-items used to assess the three ethics (divinity, community, autonomy). A total of 201 participants, aged between 18 - 77 years, completed a socio-demographic data sheet and the The Ethical Values Assessment Questionnaire (EVA, EVA - SF). Was obtained a high internal consistency for all the scale of the instrument, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficients between .62 to .95. Also was evaluated (EFA) Exploratory factor analysis and (CFA) Confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicate that the Romanian version of The Ethical Values Assessment Questionnaire (EVA, EVA - SF) has good psychometric properties, being a suitable instrument for the assessment the three ethics (divinity, community, autonomy).