Romantic Writers Research Articles

Paper Monsters: Persona and Literary Culture in Elizabethan England

Paper Monsters: Persona and Literary Culture in Elizabethan England

Anthropological Dimension of the Philosophical "Literature-Centric" Model of Ukrainian Romanticism

Purpose. Romanticism as a movement developed in Germany, where, becoming the philosophy of time in the 18th-19th centuries, spread to all European countries. The "mobility" of the Romantic doctrine, its diversity, sometimes contradictory views, attitude to man as a free, harmonious, creative person led to the susceptibility of this movement by ethnic groups, different in nature and mentality. Its ideas found a wide response in Ukraine with its "cordocentric" type of culture in the early nineteenth century. Since the peculiarity of "Ukrainian Romanticism" was its "literary-centric" nature, the purpose of this study is to analyse and comprehend the place of man in the national philosophy and literature of this period. Accordingly, the main tasks of the work are as follows: to determine the main features, the nature of Ukrainian Romanticism; to trace the main vectors of comprehension and image of man in the literature of this time. Theoretical basis. The ideas of European Romanticism (as a philosophical-historical and general cultural movement) were creatively rethought and assimilated during the emergence of new Ukrainian literature. It provided samples of highly artistic works, unique names of talented writers – creators and thinkers, who in their works reflected the philosophy of time. Based on the works of F. Schlegel, partly E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, K. Jaspers, Romanticism in the Ukrainian humanities, in terms of philosophy, culturology, as well as at the intersection with literature, was studied by T. Bovsunivska, Y. Hrybkova, S. Efremov, N. Kalenichenko, S. Kozak, T. Komarynets, D. Nalyvayko, Y. Nakhlik, I. Ogorodnyk, V. Ogorodnyk, A. Sinitsyna, D. Chyzhevsky, M. Yatsenko, E. Kyryliuk, M. Biletsky, D. Dontsov, S. Efremov, G. Kostyuk, S. Krymsky, Y. Sherekh and others. Originality. The authors of the article prove that Romanticism in Ukraine, being "literary-centric" inherently, having absorbed the main ideas and features of European Romanticism, has its own features and vectors of formation and development. Man in this kind of movement, thanks to the means of art, appears very clearly as a spiritually rich, sensitive, vulnerable and strong person. For him or her, the highest value is freedom, the ability to make freely independent fateful decisions. Conclusions. Ukrainian writers, reflecting the philosophical ideas of Romanticism, saw in man a harmonious combination of "natural" and "social", through which he indirectly carries out his own national existence. In addition to the objective realities of the external world, in their works, Romantic writers appeal to the subjective, internal, spiritual, "ideal" world of the hero, who interacts with reality through his own system of values. At each level of development of the humanities and methodology of cognition, this allows a new reading of these works.

낭만주의와 여성의 시민권: 젠더와 문화, 공동체 의식

This study aims to explore how women’s citizenship against patriarchy and gender inequality is reflected in the works of Romanticism. The principal element is to analyze gender, culture and community spirit in the works of the Romantic writers Mary Wollstonecraft, William Blake, Anna Barbauld, and Amelia Opie. As radicals, all of them wanted to pursue women’s citizenship against the stereotyped gender roles amid the revolutionary period. Wollstonecraft enthusiastically attempted to get the gender equality of female social roles. Blake attempted to recover gender identity against dichotomous gender roles through his protagonist Thel and Oothoon. Barbauld prophesied of the British empire’s end and Opie desired a peaceful community without racial discrimination. It is impossibility to appreciate the hope of women achieving citizenship without approaching the new values of race, class, and gender in British Romanticism.

People and Place: The West Coast of New Zealand’s South Island in History and Literature.

In his poem “Zoetropes,” Bill Manhire, writing from London in 1981, notes the exhilaration with which an expat Kiwi keenly notices the letter ‘Z’ in any text, instinctively scanning down the page, hoping to find the word New Zealand, that jolt-to-the-heart moment in which one is reminded of home. There is a local variant even within Aotearoa-New Zealand experienced by West Coasters who no longer live there, ever on the lookout for mention of Westland or for meeting other people with a connection to it. In media, however, the Coast only very occasionally makes an appearance outside of the weather report. 2020 was quite an exception, with the much-anticipated mini-series dramatisation of Eleanor Catton’s The Luminaries, as well as A Madness of Sunshine, a thriller novel by bestseller romance writer, Nalini Singh, and an academic history by Greymouth expat Len Richardson, People and Place: The West Coast of New Zealand’s South Island in History and Literature. And so, like Manhire in London, I scan the screen and pages on the lookout for recognisable signals from home, of characters and place that capture West Coast experience.

Survive, Revive, Thrive: Chapter 9: Apparent Horizon

The definition of apparent horizon: the plane or line where the earth or water and sky seem to meet. If you do nothing, you get nothing.—Aung San Suu Kyi, Burmese politician/diplomat/author, 1945 You get a lot of advice in this job. A former SPE President told me that these columns should never be about “where we (presidents) went and what we did last month; nobody’s interested in that.” While I have tried to abide by that rule, I can tell you that this past month was an extraordinarily full month, all from the computer screen, of course. I have dealt with the widest possible spectra of SPE membership from freshman students to geriatrics, like myself. It has been both exhausting and inspiring to see and feel the creativity and labor of our SPE members. As unsolicited advice, if you are looking for inspiration, then I encourage you to talk to those who have lost their jobs or even their businesses. I have dealt with several in both groups during the past month. Listen carefully to them. These colleagues look forward to when they can again contribute to our industry and they have that unique never-say-quit attitude that defines our industry. If you want to understand the word “resilience,” just listen. They are truly inspiring.Luck is where opportunity meets preparation. —Seneca, Roman writer, 54 BC–39 AD Frankly, I spend almost all of my time for SPE just as Seneca suggests. The modern interpretation of this is that “the harder I work, the luckier I get” (attributed to the golfer Arnold Palmer). Specifically, I am looking for that “apparent horizon” where SPE can best serve its members in a fashion that presents a multitude of significant opportunities. In short, we are getting prepared to be lucky. Life could be wonderful if people would leave you alone.—Charlie Chaplin, English actor, 1889–1977 The Year(s) of Living Virtually In a recent panel I was involved in, I confess I did not expect (nor hope) to be the one to get the question “Is work-from-home here to stay?”, but I did. I thought I should share my views so you can taunt me with how wrong I am or could be. The obvious answer is yes. The efficiency and effectiveness of work-from-home (or remote working) is well documented, and probably to no one’s surprise, people are working an average of 2 or more extra hours/day when working from home. The positives of work-from-home are obvious. Professionals can work very well with less supervision than anyone might have thought possible before the COVID pandemic. Occasional, or minimal commuting, provides a generally better home life and better time management, and there are exceptional (potential) cost savings from less commuting, travel, etc. There are also negatives for work-from-home. The really bad news is that we probably don’t need as many management personnel. There is significant meeting overload. A rule of thumb is that for 80% of the people, 80% of the meeting time is wasted time. Historically people must be seen in order to be seen as relevant. The presumption being that if one is not seen, then they are not working.

Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing

Only a few scientific evidences for the use of Egyptian blue in Early Medieval wall paintings in Central and Southern Europe have been reported so far. The monochrome blue fragment discussed here belongs to the second church building of St. Peter above Gratsch (South Tyrol, Northern Italy, fifth/sixth century A.D.). Beyond cuprorivaite and carbon black (underpainting), 26 accessory minerals down to trace levels were detected by means of Raman microspectroscopy, providing unprecedented insights into the raw materials blend and conversion reactions during preparation, application, and ageing of the pigment. In conjunction with archaeological evidences for the manufacture of Egyptian blue in Cumae and Liternum and the concordant statements of the antique Roman writers Vitruvius and Pliny the Elder, natural impurities of the quartz sand speak for a pigment produced at the northern Phlegrean Fields (Campania, Southern Italy). Chalcocite (and chalcopyrite) suggest the use of a sulphidic copper ore, and water-insoluble salts a mixed-alkaline flux in the form of plant ash. Not fully reacted quartz crystals partly intergrown with cuprorivaite and only minimal traces of silicate glass portend solid-state reactions predominating the chemical reactions during synthesis, while the melting of the raw materials into glass most likely played a negligible role.

Pentru o istorie a P.E.N. Club-ului Român: 3

The article, actually a would-be 3rd chapter of an intended piece of literary history, aims at retrieving, based on novel documents and on our own individual research, other defining moments in the history of the Romanian PEN Club, i.e. the activity with a view to consolidation in the years right after WWI. The recuperated sequences are integrated within the enlarged historical, political, social and cultural context of the time. The figure of Marcu Beza, the Romanian Anglicist and diplomat in London in the 1920s, is in close-up, together with that of Emanoil Bucuţa, the Secretary of the Romanian P.E.N in its first decade of activity, due to their determination in engaging Romanian writers in the emergent circuit of democratic values specific to western societies.

Virgil Ierunca – Jurnalistul scriitor

In the second volume entitled „Necunoscutul scriitor Virgil Ierunca” (The Unknown writer Virgil Ierunca) from a series dedicated to the Romanian literature in exile (published by Aius Publishing House from Craiova), the two authors – Mihaela Albu & Dan Anghelescu – demonstrate that Ierunca was not only a good journalist and editor, but also a poet, a literary critic, a memoirist, a portraitist, and a poet. In other words – Virgil Ierunca was an authentic Romanian writer.

Online Mediatization of the Identity of the Writers During the Pandemic

Self-exposure has become a mode of communication on which the functioning of social networks and blogs is based. Internet users create content in the digital environment, built on habits acquired in the old media. Remixability and mobility make possible new forms of mediation and self-production in the process of mediatization. During the research on the self-exposure of Romanian writers in the online environment, the pandemic represented the opportunity to investigate the behavioral changes in the conditions of prohibiting face-to-face events (including cultural ones). Starting from the hypothesis that, given the quarantine period and the prohibition of events, the only sources of information are traditional media, especially television. Through mediatization, the authors apply strategies to keep their visibility online to promote their books through self-exposure and emergence of identities. The research used autoethnography, based on the writer's experience, to track the emergence of identities and the types of narration used in the posts and their multimodality. Monitoring for data collection was performed on a private site like a diary/blog and processed with empirical tools. We noticed that the writers had exposed themselves online by mediatized identities, and the narratives had diversified during that period; identities and posts are mediatized around the news provided by the media. Researched periods: 23-29 March and 13-20 April 2020. Total posts: 224. This study could be apart from a bigger social image of life during the pandemic when online activity had intensified.

Eliade et l’exemplarité de Kierkegaard dans Gaudeamus

"Eliade and the Exemplarity of Kierkegaard in Gaudeamus. Eliade's relationship with Kierkegaard began in his youth and has been the subject of serious studies. Those studies analyzed and interpreted passages, which were few in number, in which an explicit reference to the Danish thinker appeared in the scholarly production of the Romanian writer in both his Memoirs and Journals. Kierkegaard's underground influence on Eliade's literary work remained to be studied. In our article, we were interested in the strongly autobiographical novel, written in 1928, Gaudeamus, in which alongside an explicit reference to the Danish thinker, were important elements (in terms of structure, characters, thematic, symbolism, etc.) of the aesthetic writings of Kierkegaard that Eliade had discovered shortly before, notably The Seducer’s Diary and In vino veritas. Our interest focused on the reiteration in both the Kierkegaardian and Eliadian works of the myths of Pygmalion and the Eternal Feminine. It thus appeared to us that it was not only, at times of great existential choices, as he himself asserts, that the example of Kierkegaard was decisive, for Eliade, but also on the literary level. Keywords: Mircea Eliade, Gaudeamus, Kierkegaard, The Seducer’s Diary, Pygmalion "

Lyrical Works of Elise Mercer: Toward a Typology of Poets of French Romanticism

As part of the development of the typology of the authors of French romanticism, the creative type represented by the French poetess Élisa Mercœur is determined (Élisa Mercœur, 1809—1835). The relevance of the work is due to the fact that the creation of a typology is a way both to streamline the studied material and to explore new, operating not with a disparate set of facts and subjective opinions, but with generalized conventional concepts. It is noted that the materials about Élisa Mercœur are currently in a state that requires such a typological design. As a result of the study, it was established that the poet, on the one hand, belongs to the category of writers whose biographies are mythologized in a romantic spirit. On the other hand, it is shown that she belongs to a rather numerous category of romantic writers who have creative abilities in the absence of a vivid originality and therefore are intended to popularize the achievements of outstanding authors, practically creating a “language of direction”, but nevertheless developing their own themes (mostly related to the privacy of authors). A typology of creative models of romantic lyrics is proposed in the article; one of the models that combines the authenticity of feelings and moderate complexity of the language of expression is the original work of Élisa Mercœur.

Lo romántico en la tradición marxista. De Friedrich Schiller a Ernst Bloch

En este trabajo reflexionaremos sobre algunos componentes anticapitalistas que hallaremos en ciertos escritores románticos, barajando la posibilidad de que esa tensión antiburguesa configure uno de los aspectos más esenciales de la crítica romántica del presente. Pretendemos averiguar si los contenidos de esa “crítica” romántica fueron recogidos o asimilados, hasta cierto punto, por Marx y Engels. Y, de igual modo, comprobar si aún los podemos hallar en algunas figuras relevantes de la tradición marxista.

The American Art of Memory

Abstract This article provides a genealogy of the architectural figuration of human cognition from the ancient world to Renaissance Europe and, finally, to the American Renaissance where it came to possess a striking cultural and literary potency. The first section pursues the two-fold task of elucidating this archetypal trope for consciousness, both its ancient moorings and its eventual transmission into Europe. The second section shows that three of the most prominent writers of the American Renaissance—Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Nathaniel Hawthorne—engaged this mystically inspired architectonic symbolism, employing far older techno-cultural suppositions about interior space. I thereby offer an account of the intellectual and spiritual heritage upon which Romantic writers in the United States drew to articulate cognitive interiority. These Romantics did more than value creativity in contradistinction to Enlightenment rationalism; they were acknowledging themselves as recipients of the ancient belief in cosmogenesis as self-transformation.

The History Bubble

The History Bubble

Trans-Atlantic Interrogation: Fabienne Pasquet’s <em>La deuxième mort de Toussaint Louverture</em>

In “Trans-Atlantic Interrogation: Fabienne Pasquet’s La deuxieme mort de Toussaint Louverture,” Mariana Past situates the Haitian-Swiss novelist’s understudied narrative within the context of Caribbean letters and the Haitian literary tradition, then discusses the broader, intertextual implications of Toussaint Louverture’s “second” death for Haiti and the trans-Atlantic world. To what end does Pasquet deploy the aged ghost of a Haitian revolutionary icon being invoked by German Romantic writer Heinrich von Kleist in the Fort de Joux castle-cum-prison within France’s remote, mountainous Jura region? What is at stake when the diasporic writer reincarnates a legendary German poet as protagonist, placing him in conversation with a deceased Haitian general? By reassessing Louverture’s enduring revolutionary possibilities and reframing his colonized subjectivity, Pasquet’s innovative text makes an important cultural gesture towards decolonizing Haiti's standing with respect to the West. Through dying anew, and dying “better,” Louverture is able to recognize and recover an African past encompassing a wealth of knowledge, wisdom, and spiritual power that he previously disavowed in his quest to be “free and French.”

Eco-Consciousness in the Works of Dorothy Wordsworth, William Cullen Bryant, and Susan Fenimore Cooper

This paper aims to discuss how the works of Dorothy Wordsworth, William Cullen Bryant, and Susan Cooper present the mode of an ecologically oriented consciousness. Wordsworth, Bryant, and Cooper, as Romantic writers, not only sense the social conflicts of the day but also always tend to trace a variety of natural circumstances. Their consciousness is ecologically sensitive to the bond between nature and humanity. First, Wordsworth, Bryant, and Cooper overcome the hierarchical binary perception of the nature/humanity relation; they see theinterconnection between nature and culture through their careful observation of the natural environment. Second, they defend the particularity of the cultural landscape as well as their own natural environment; Dorothy Wordsworth is sympathetic to the oppressed of the day, and Bryant and Cooper reveal their sympathetic understanding of the oppression of the Native people. Third, they suggest the necessity of an ethical viewpoint that nature and human beings should create harmony in the ecosystem through each other’s responsibility. Their works remind us that we should restore our neglected awareness of the environmental crisis.

On Not Being an Author: De Quincey's ‘Confessions’ and the Performance of Romantic Translatorship

Through his ‘Confessions of an English Opium-Eater’, Thomas De Quincey effects a meticulously crafted entrance onto the literary scene: less a series of confidential notes than a stage-managed performance, the ‘Confessions’ serve as a stage on which he announces his literary ambitions. One such set of performative acts has received little attention: it pertains less to establishing a ground from which to authoritatively create, than it does to laying down a structure through which to mediate. Acting on recent developments within literary criticism and translation studies, this article examines the ways in which the ‘Confessions’ launch their writer on a career in interlingual and intercultural transfer, and how this performance of minority is designed to operate alongside other Romantic writers. The article ponders the successes and failures of mediation on display in emblematic scenes, and attends to how these chart the uneasy relationship between authorship and translatorship.

Em busca de si: construção identitária no poema "Marabá", de Gonçalves Dias

Este trabalho consiste em promover uma leitura hermenêutico-discursiva do poema “Marabá”, do escritor romântico brasileiro Gonçalves Dias. Nesse poema, o eu lírico (a índia Marabá) vivencia um conflito em sua comunidade ao ser rejeitada por seus pares em função de sua origem miscigenada: ela é filha de indígena com europeu. A fim de compreender esse descompasso identitário no poema, esta leitura mobiliza alguns conceitos tais como heterogeneidade discursiva (BRANDÃO, 2004), fronteira (AUGÉ, 2010), sujeito (TOURAINE, 2004), identidade (HALL, 2006), cuidado de si (FOUCALT, 2006) e cidadania (MANZINI-COVRE, 2007). Busca-se então pormenorizar a angústia de uma persona que foi destituída de sua condição de ser-no-mundo, na medida em que não é reconhecida pela imagem que construiu de si e para si. Pontua-se, portanto, como esses elementos – heterogeneidade discursiva, fronteira, sujeito, identidade e cidadania – colaboram para a construção identitária de Marabá.

Edgar Allan Poe’da “Yeniden Canlandırmanın Korkunç Dramı”: Dişi Vampirlerde Anneyi Canlandırma

This paper aims to analyze Edgar Allan Poe’s fiction and poems from a psychoanalytic perspective. The Romantic writer’s short tragic life was governed by his Oedipus complex and a strong death drive as the result of his traumatic experiences at an early age. He witnessed his mother’s battle with tuberculosis, which was followed by her death. Throughout his entire life, he has searched for a mother figure. In his works, Poe revives his mother in his portrayals of female characters in the forms of vampires. These characters and all their experiences in his writings appear as uncanny reflections from his unconscious, which he had a strong grasp on long before Sigmund Freud researched and theorized these terms. Resulting from a strong death wish, Poe’s narrators, who are mere reflections of himself, create dark, tomb-like settings where they isolate themselves from reality or consciousness, focusing on the female vampire figures who they admire. However, these figures also horrify Poe as they are the embodiments of death itself. In creating these undead women, Poe expresses his strong desire to reunite with his dead mother and endeavors to uncover the link between life and death, a secret that the female holds. This research focuses on Poe’s short stories “Berenice,” “Ligeia,” “Morella,” and “The Fall of the House of Usher,” in addition to various of his poems.

The politics of happily-ever-after: romance genre fiction as aesthetic public sphere

How does the romance reading community understand the genre in relation to sociopolitical concerns? This paper draws on interviews, observations of romance writers’ conferences, and a variety of text data to explore how popular romance fiction functions as an aesthetic public sphere, a site of political discourse. While I find that romance novels and the romance community address a range of sociopolitical issues, readers and writers debate whether they should address these issues. Some think romance should only provide entertainment, while others embrace the genre’s potential for active engagement with sociopolitical issues. These expectations play out in both romance novels and in community relations. Despite debate over the ideal purpose of romance, there is widespread agreement among readers that the genre is fundamentally about hope and the belief that love—and romance reading—can transform the world. This research extends the aesthetic public sphere concept to popular genre fiction, showing that romance is a particular kind of reading experience that allows readers to engage with serious sociopolitical issues with the promise of a happily-ever-after.