Rolling Phase Research Articles

Reprint of “Enhanced Fourier transform for Orbitrap mass spectrometry”

A novel method for processing of periodic signals, which combines absorption spectra presentation with magnitude spectra and finite-impulse-response filtering, is applied to image current transients acquired in Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Phasing of signal for absorption spectra is facilitated by the excitation-by-injection mechanism of forming coherent ion packets in the Orbitrap analyzer. In conjunction with extensive refinement of the trap and electronics design of the Orbitrap analyzer, this method allows completion of the excitation process and initiation of detection within a fraction of a millisecond after ejection of ions from an external storage device into the Orbitrap analyzer, thus avoiding baseline roll and large non-linear phase corrections. For most real-life analytes with limited signal decay over acquisition time, the method achieves a 2-fold increase of resolving power relative to the traditional Fourier transform processing method. For rapidly decaying signals of intact proteins, the relative increase in resolving power is reduced to about 1.4, which accords with theory. Peak shape and mass accuracy in LC/MS measurements obtained employing the novel method appear to be similar to those observed in traditional magnitude-mode FT spectra. Performance of the method was optimized using calibration mixtures and tested on different real-life samples, including complex peptide mixtures and proteins supplied to the mass spectrometer in infusion and LC/MS modes.

Enhanced Fourier transform for Orbitrap mass spectrometry

A novel method for processing of periodic signals, which combines absorption spectra presentation with magnitude spectra and finite-impulse-response filtering, is applied to image current transients acquired in Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Phasing of signal for absorption spectra is facilitated by the excitation-by-injection mechanism of forming coherent ion packets in the Orbitrap analyzer. In conjunction with extensive refinement of the trap and electronics design of the Orbitrap analyzer, this method allows completion of the excitation process and initiation of detection within a fraction of a millisecond after ejection of ions from an external storage device into the Orbitrap analyzer, thus avoiding baseline roll and large non-linear phase corrections. For most real-life analytes with limited signal decay over acquisition time, the method achieves a 2-fold increase of resolving power relative to the traditional Fourier transform processing method. For rapidly decaying signals of intact proteins, the relative increase in resolving power is reduced to about 1.4, which accords with theory. Peak shape and mass accuracy in LC/MS measurements obtained employing the novel method appear to be similar to those observed in traditional magnitude-mode FT spectra. Performance of the method was optimized using calibration mixtures and tested on different real-life samples, including complex peptide mixtures and proteins supplied to the mass spectrometer in infusion and LC/MS modes.

Phase-bistable patterns and cavity solitons induced by spatially periodic injection into vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Spatial rocking is a kind of resonant forcing able to convert a self-oscillatory system into a phase-bistable, pattern forming system, whereby the phase of the spatially averaged oscillation field locks to one of two values differing by $\ensuremath{\pi}$. We propose the spatial rocking in an experimentally relevant system---the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)---and demonstrate its feasibility through analytical and numerical tools applied to a VCSEL model. We show phase bistability, spatial patterns, such as roll patterns, domain walls, and phase (dark-ring) solitons, which could be useful for optical information storage and processing purposes.

Broadside Compensation Rolling Model for Plan View Pattern Control in Wide and Heavy Plate Rolling Process

On the basis of a 5 m plate mill, a 3D rigid-plastic finite element (FE) model was developed to investigate changes of plate plan view patterns during hot rolling process. By analyzing the simulation results of conventional rolling processes, it was found that the plate plan view pattern was closely related to broadside rolling ratio. Then, the prediction models for plate plan view patterns were formulated by nonlinear regressive analysis of the simulation results and modified for high accuracy. Based on these models, the broadside compensation rolling method performing at the last pass of broadside rolling phase was designed to decrease plate end crops. Comparing the plate plan view patterns with and without broadside compensation rolling, reduced plate end crops indicate that the broadside compensation rolling model is effective for plate plan view pattern control.

Kinetic initial conditions for inflation

We consider the classical evolution of the inflaton field $\phi(t)$ and the Hubble parameter $H(t)$ in homogeneous and isotropic single-field inflation models. Under an extremely broad assumption, we show that the universe generically emerges from an initial singularity in a non-inflating state where the kinetic energy of the inflaton dominates its potential energy, $\dot{\phi}^2 \gg V(\phi)$. In this kinetically-dominated regime, the dynamical equations admit simple analytic solutions for $\phi(t)$ and $H(t)$, which are independent of the form of $V(\phi)$. In such models, these analytic solutions thus provide a simple way of setting the initial conditions from which to start the (usually numerical) integration of the coupled equations of motion for $\phi(t)$ and $H(t)$. We illustrate this procedure by applying it to spatially-flat models with polynomial and exponential potentials, and determine the background evolution in each case; generically $H(t)$ and $|\phi(t)|$ as well as their time derivatives decrease during kinetic dominance until $\dot{\phi}^2\sim V(\phi)$, marking the onset of a brief period of fast-roll inflation prior to a slow roll phase. We also calculate the approximate spectrum of scalar perturbations produced in each model and show that it exhibits a generic damping of power on large scales. This may be relevant to the apparent low-$\ell$ falloff in the CMB power spectrum.

CMB dipole asymmetry from a fast roll phase

The observed CMB (cosmic microwave background) dipole asymmetry cannot be explained by a single field model of inflation - it inevitably requires more than one field where one of the fields is responsible for amplifying the super-Hubble fluctuations beyond the pivot scale. Furthermore the current constraints on fNL and τNL require that such an amplification cannot produce large non-Gaussianity. In this paper we propose a model to explain this dipole asymmetry from a spectator field, which is responsible for generating all the curvature perturbations, but has a temporary fast roll phase before the Hubble exit of the pivot scale. The current data prefers spectator scenario because it leaves no isocurvature perturbations. The spectator model will also satisfy the well-known constraints arising from quasars, and the quadrupole and octupole of the CMB.

FOCUS4: A prospective molecularly stratified, adaptive multicenter program of randomized controlled trials for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

TPS3645 Background: Targeted therapies based on somatic gene mutations or activated pathways have inhibited progression of some cancers. However, although various targets are identifiable in CRC, KRAS mutation is currently the only validated predictive biomarker for selection of a targeted therapy. FOCUS4 is a rolling phase II-III trial for testing in a staged way both the utility of molecular stratification and the efficacy of novel agents in subpopulations of mCRC patients. It is also a trial of a new strategy for testing stratified approaches to therapy in any biologically complex tumour type using a Multi-Arm, Multi-Stage design. Methods: The study population consists of subjects with newly diagnosed inoperable mCRC. Subjects receive first-line chemotherapy for 16 weeks. During this time the tumour is tested for BRAF/PIK3CA/KRAS/NRAS mutations and PTEN loss. Subjects with responding or stable disease on CT, who would normally be candidates for a treatment break, are then randomised to four coherent biomarker-based subgroups: FOCUS4-A: BRAF mutant, FOCUS4-B: PIK3CA mutant or complete loss of PTEN on IHC, FOCUS4-C: KRAS or NRAS mutant, FOCUS4-D: All wild type (no mutations of BRAF, PIK3CA, KRAS or NRAS). For each subgroup, a relevant novel agent or combination is to be tested in an adaptive double-blind placebo controlled randomised trial design with multiple interim analyses for early termination if there is no strong evidence of worthwhile activity. There will also be a 5thsubgroup FOCUS4-N testing maintenance capecitabine for unclassifiable tumours or for patients whose marker defined cohort is temporarily suspended. The primary endpoint is progression free survival. Promising results in any biomarker defined cohort will then be tested for response in cohorts without the biomarker. Within the overall trial, biomarker developments can be accommodated with changes in the distribution of the cohorts or testing of new targeted agents. Enrolment will commence in May 2013. Upto 3400 patients will be registered over a 4-5 year period depending on which cohorts pass their staged interim analyses and proceed to later stages, including an overall survival endpoint. Clinical trial information: 2012-005111-12.

Horse-like walking, trotting, and galloping derived from kinematic Motion Primitives (kMPs) and their application to walk/trot transitions in a compliant quadruped robot

This manuscript proposes a method to directly transfer the features of horse walking, trotting, and galloping to a quadruped robot, with the aim of creating a much more natural (horse-like) locomotion profile. A principal component analysis on horse joint trajectories shows that walk, trot, and gallop can be described by a set of four kinematic Motion Primitives (kMPs). These kMPs are used to generate valid, stable gaits that are tested on a compliant quadruped robot. Tests on the effects of gait frequency scaling as follows: results indicate a speed optimal walking frequency around 3.4 Hz, and an optimal trotting frequency around 4 Hz. Following, a criterion to synthesize gait transitions is proposed, and the walk/trot transitions are successfully tested on the robot. The performance of the robot when the transitions are scaled in frequency is evaluated by means of roll and pitch angle phase plots.

Developing a Dynamic Model for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Motion on Ground during Takeoff Phase

Modeling of take-off and landing motion for a fixed wing (UAV) is necessary for developing an automatic take off and landing control system (ATOL). Automatic take off and landing system becomes an important system due to wide spread of unmanned aerial vehicles in different applications ranging from intelligence, surveillance, up to missile firing. Automatic take off and landing system reduces damage to an unmanned aerial vehicle and its payload that may be caused by human pilot errors. Furthermore, training human pilot to a sufficient level of skill and experience for takeoff and landing may take several years and significant cost. A human pilot also may impose additional restrictions for UAV operation especially at night time or dusty desert conditions. Although, ATOL adds complexity to the system, it reduces the long run cost and risk caused by takeoff and landing process, and makes UAV takeoff from different runways and at different atmospheric conditions. A mathematical model for takeoff is successfully developed for a small fixed wing UAV. A Matlab/Simulink simulation model is prepared for the ground roll phase, and some simulation results are also shown.

Recruitment mechanisms of primary and malignant B cells to the human liver

B cells are present within chronically inflamed liver tissue and recent evidence implicates them in the progression of liver disease. In addition, a large proportion of hepatic lymphomas are of B-cell origin. The molecular signals that regulate normal and malignant B-cell recruitment into peripheral tissue from blood are poorly understood, leading us to study human B-cell migration through hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in flow-based adhesion assays. In such assays, human blood-derived B cells were captured from shear flow without a previous rolling phase and underwent firm adhesion mediated by vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Unlike T cells, which displayed vigorous crawling behavior on the endothelium, B cells remained static before a proportion underwent transendothelial migration mediated by a combination of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion protein-1, common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1/stabilin-1, and the chemokine receptors, CXCR3 and CXCR4. B-cell lymphoma cell lines and primary malignant B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and marginal zone B cell lymphoma also underwent integrin-mediated firm adhesion involving ICAM-1 and/or VCAM-1 and demonstrated ICAM-1-dependent shape-change and crawling behavior. Unlike primary lymphocytes, the malignant cells did not undergo transendothelial migration, which could explain why lymphomas are frequently characterized by the intravascular accumulation of malignant cells in the hepatic sinusoids. Our findings demonstrate that distinct combinations of signals promote B-cell recruitment to the liver, suggesting the possibility of novel targets to modulate liver inflammation in disease. Certain features of lymphocyte homing are maintained in lymphoma recruitment to the liver, suggesting that therapeutic targets for lymphocyte recruitment may also prevent hepatic lymphoma dissemination.

Establishment of Optimal Blade Clearance of Stainless Steel Rolling-Cut Shear and Test of Shearing Force Parameters

The purpose aims to improve the plate shearing section quality and metal yield by means of optimal blade clearance adjustment model of rolling-cut shear and accurate calculation of the maximum shearing force, as well as for the system optimization design, structure optimization design to provide important basis. A 3500 mm rolling shear of a large stainless steel factory was taken as the test object, and the blade clearance under different influence factors of the clearance value and the shearing section were tested. The optimized production accumulated data regression analysis and the rolling shear process of stainless steel shear test. The test results show that the optimal blade clearance adjustment module is a comprehensive function, which include steel plate thickness, material, temperature and shear plate volume. The shear stress at starting stage with the relative penetration depth increases affected by the above factors, and the fracture peak decreases rapidly after being cut into the roll phase constant.

A Single CCD Algorithm to Determine the Position and Attitude during Rolling Phase of Rendezvous and Docking

Propose a new algorithm that use Euler angles to calculate directly large relative position and attitude of rendezvous and docking. By analyzing the feasibility of using Euler angles to solve instead of using quaternion and deriving the relations between the coordinates of the identification-points and the coordinates of point-images, a group of non-linear equations including relative position and attitude is established. It is proved that three non-collinear points are sufficient and required to determine the position and attitude uniquely. The whole deriving process does not mention any assumption and simplification in theory. Simulations indicate that the algorithm is high-accurate, unique-solution and wide application scope.

Fluid phonons and inflaton quanta at the protoinflationary transition

Quantum and thermal fluctuations of an irrotational fluid are studied across the transition regime connecting a protoinflationary phase of decelerated expansion to an accelerated epoch driven by a single inflaton field. The protoinflationary inhomogeneities are suppressed when the transition to the slow roll phase occurs sharply over space-like hypersurfaces of constant energy density. If the transition is delayed, the interaction of the quasi-normal modes related, asymptotically, to fluid phonons and inflaton quanta leads to an enhancement of curvature perturbations. It is shown that the dynamics of the fluctuations across the protoinflationary boundaries is determined by the monotonicity properties of the pump fields controlling the energy transfer between the background geometry and the quasi-normal modes of the fluctuations. After corroborating the analytical arguments with explicit numerical examples, general lessons are drawn on the classification of the protoinflationary transition.

Roll Eccentricity Extraction Method Based on Comprehensive Signal Processing

In modern steel production, strip products account for more than half of the total output. Roll eccentricity is ubiquitous in strip mills, which has a periodic impact on the strip thickness difference. Roll eccentricity compensation is an important part of the automatic gauge control system. Most roll eccentricity compensations extract the roll eccentricity based on the frequency domain analysis of the rolling force. It is difficult to ensure measurement precision of roll eccentricity due to the complexity of interference of the rolling force, therefore the compensation accuracy is difficult to ensure. The roll eccentricity extraction method, based on comprehensive signal processing, was introduced in this paper combined with engineering practice. The roll eccentricity was comprehensively calculated by thickness gauge and other signals that have been delayed; the roll phases were calculated by the roll rotational displacement; and finally, the roll eccentric fluctuation of the upper backup roll and lower backup roll were extracted. The roll eccentricity could be predicted by calculating roll eccentric fluctuations and phases, in order to provide the basis for accurate compensation. According to the comparison with roll eccentricity extracted by the frequency domain analysis of the rolling force, the roll eccentricity obtained by the roll eccentricity extraction method, based on comprehensive signal processing, is more accurate. It provides a reliable basis for roll eccentricity compensation in order to improve the accuracy of the thickness of the strip products.

Leukocyte adhesion deficiencies

Leukocyte trafficking from the blood stream to tissues is essential for continuous surveillance of foreign antigens. This dynamic process, designated as the leukocyte adhesion cascade, involves distinct steps. In leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) I the firm adhesion of leukocyte to the endothelium is defective, due to mutations in the beta 2 integrin gene. LAD II is caused by mutations in the fucose transporter specific to the Golgi apparatus, leading to the absence of Sialyl Lewis X-the fucosylated ligand for the selectins-thus affecting the rolling phase, the first phase of the cascade. In LAD III, a primary activation defect occurs in beta integrins 1, 2, and 3. Recently, the genetic basis for LAD III has been revealed to involve mutations in kindlin-3, a newly recognized essential component of integrin activation-the second phase of the adhesion cascade. Until now, no human or animal models of defect in transmigration-the fourth and last phase of the cascade-has been described.

An Innovative Calculation Method of Trajectories of Rockfall

Rockfall is a frequent engineering disaster confronted in the capital construction engineering. The key for preventing rock fall is the evaluation of the rockfall trajectory. After extensive analysis, an innovative calculation method of rockfall trajectory, called segmented cycling algorithm, has been proposed in the paper. According to the contact relationship between the rolling stones and the slope surface, the movement divided into three sections which include the jumping phase, the rolling (sliding) phase and collision phase, the formulae to calculate the velocity of different phases of motion are proposed respectively by segmented cycling algorithm. A similar model, based on a rock slope in Chongqing-Wanzhou highway, is established to verify the capability and validity of the presented algorithm. Compared with existing algorithm, the new algorithm is simple and clear, easy to use and so on. The algorithm meets the law of the movement of rockfall and can be used to forecast the kinetic feature of rockfall. It is also used as the basis for rockfall disaster prevention.

A new mathematical model for predicting the diameter expansion of flat ring in radial–axial ring rolling

An accurate prediction for the diameter expansion is quite essential for the ring rolling with large diameter since it determines the compatibility between the work rolls and the deformed ring in kinematics, so that the rolling stability and the final forming quality of the ring are influenced. A new mathematical model for predicting the diameter expansion of the flat ring in the radial–axial rolling process has been proposed, in which the variation of cross section, the particularity of initial rolling phase, and the effect of slip are all taken into consideration. Based on the proposed mathematical model, a 3D-FEM model for the radial–axial ring rolling process has been developed, and the corresponding experimentation has also been carried out. The diameter expansion in the simulation shows a good agreement with that in the experimentation. The forming quality comparison concerning the circularity, coaxiality, and tilting of the rolled ring has been executed between the former and new proposed method. The result indicates that the new mathematical method is very helpful to control the forming stability and hence improve the ring rolling quality significantly.

Biomechanics of the Volar Plate of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Dynamic Ultrasonographic Study

To study the biomechanics of the volar plate of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint using ultrasonography. The subjects were 20 normal and 5 pathological digits. We included as normal subjects 20 digits (10 index and 10 middle fingers) of 10 hands of 10 volunteers who had no history of trauma or any other hand-related pathological conditions. To clarify the biomechanical effect of the A3 pulley for the volar plate motion, we included a total of 5 digits (1 index, 2 middle, and 2 ring) of 4 hands of 4 consecutive patients who had flexor tendon repair surgeries in zone II with the A3 pulley left open as pathological subjects. Transducers were applied volarly to the PIP joint and the ultrasonographic plane was kept in the central axis of the digits to display the volar plate and the flexor tendons in the same image. We recorded cine videos during active joint motion. We also obtained sequential static images for morphological analysis. The motion of the volar plate of the normal PIP joint was as follows: when joint flexion started, the volar plate slid proximally to lie parallel to the condylar slope of the proximal phalanx. In 30° of flexion, the flexor tendons tightened and the distal portion of the volar plate moved volarward. In 45° or more of flexion, the distal portion protruded over the lip of the middle phalanx. The lip rolled dorsalward in the recess in return. In the flexor tendon repair cases, the distal portion of the volar plate did not move volarward at all, even when the joint flexed 45° or more. The main body of the volar plate showed a marked wavelike or sigmoid deformity. To characterize the biomechanics of the volar plate of the PIP joint, we propose the following 3 sequential phases: sliding, elevating, and rolling in the recess. The A3 pulley may serve as an elevator of the volar plate, triggering the next phase of rolling in the recess. The recess can provide some articulation which the lip of the middle phalanx can roll in.

Experimental Testing of a Parametric-Model-Based Takeoff Performance Monitoring Strategy

The purpose of an aircraft takeoff performancemonitoring system is to provide to the pilot information pertaining to the level of safety with which a takeoff is proceeding. The concept of a takeoff performance monitoring system is not new. Instruments have been developed and flight-tested. However, the inclusion of a takeoff performance monitoring system as a standard instrument has yet to be embraced by manufacturers and operators. A simple theoretical dynamicmodel was developed to investigate the feasibility of using an observer systemduring the roll and takeoff phases of aircraft operation to provide to the pilot the information that is needed to maneuver safely. The viability of this simple model was validated using a prototype device installed in a 19-passenger commercial turboprop aircraft. Unlike previous work in this field, the Global Positioning Systemwas proposed as the sole source of kinematic information. This provided the possibility that a takeoff performance monitoring system could be devised that would require no additional ground-based installation. A Global Positioning System receiver and data acquisition systemwere installed in an aircraft operated by an airline servicing far-northernCanadian airports. The experimental investigation that was conducted to validate the theoretical model and signal processing technique showed that it was possible to predict the displacement of an aircraft to within 15 m, the length of the test aircraft, in sufficient time to aid the pilot in decision-making.

Analyses of Guiding Force for the Ring Rolling Mill

The guiding forces will affect the stability of the ring rolling process and the quality of the product directly. In this paper, the guiding forces and the sector gear forces are analyzed by building theoretical equations and numerical value simulations. The variation tendencies of the guiding forces and the sector gear forces changing with the ring’s outer diameter in both steady and unsteady ring rolling phases are found out base on the theoretical and simulation analyses.