Rolling Cylinder Research Articles

Numerical Study of Motion of a Cylinder Filled with Water on an Inclined Plane using Scilab

The velocity of the rolling motion is influenced by the shape of the object and its rotating axis. The cylinder motion on inclined plane has been investigated by number of research. However, the water filled cylinder need to be investigated further especially on the possibility moving sliding and rolling. Numerical study has been carried out on water filled cylinder modelling of frictionless sliding motion of point object, frictionless rolling motion, and rolling motion with friction on an inclined plane. By using the Euler method, data processing is carried out with the Scilab application. The resulting graph from running Scilab coding is a graph of v vs t and x vs t . We found the frictionless sliding motion produces the greatest velocity and distance because it is not influenced by friction and the object’s moment of inertia. Solid cylinder rolling with friction on an inclined plane produces the smallest velocity and distance due to the influence of friction and the moment of inertia of the object. These results indicate that a water filled cylinder can be considered a solid cylinder if ignoring all internal motion of water inside the cylinder.

NSPFEM2D: A lightweight 2D node-based smoothed particle finite element method code for modeling large deformation

The study presents a lightweight code that implements 2D node-based smoothed particle finite element method (NSPFEM) to fulfill the requirement of modeling large deformation in a variety of research fields and engineering applications. NSPFEM discretizes the problem domain with a set of Lagrangian nodes and employs Delaunay triangulation to build/re-build mesh on the nodes at each time step. It is therefore able to tackle large deformation without suffering from mesh entanglement. The method also adopts the nodal integration technique to avoid interpolation of material variables after remeshing which can eliminate interpolation-induced errors. The code has been built using hybrid C++ and Python programming, and is thus efficient and versatile to couple with other well-developed codes, such as MFront for the incorporation of various constitutive models and YADE, a discrete element method code, for multiscale simulations. The implementation of NSPFEM has first been validated using two examples, i.e., axial vibration of an elastic cantilever beam and a rolling cylinder down incline. Next, the capability and flexibility of the code has been demonstrated by three examples, namely retrogressive slope failure, pullout of a strip plate anchor, and multiscale modeling of trapdoor.

Influence of lubrication on the friction and wear of car rolling bearings

The goal of the work is to develop computational and experimental approaches to determine the wear resistance of friction units with internal contact of cylinders with slip. The scientific novelty consists in taking into account the slip for calculating the friction path and the wear of the cylinders with internal contact and the proposed method for identifying the parameters of the wear law based on the test results. Practical value is the proposed methods to account load, slip and lubrication conditions on the resource for the design of friction units. The dependences for determining the friction path for internal rolling of cylinders have been considered. The design of an experimental setup for studying friction and wear of cylinders with slip has been proposed. Experimental studies have been carried out: paths of friction; wear of surfaces both with a key and without a key; the effect of lubricants on wear has been studied. The form of the wear model is proposed to determine the effectiveness of methods for increasing wear resistance. The method for determining the parameters of the wear law has been implemented based on the test results. The results show the efficiency of copper powder as an additive to a lubricant. It has been established that the wear of cylinders with a key is greater than the wear of cylinders without a key due to different friction paths. A practical example of determining the wear of a car hub shaft using the wear patterns is presented.

Coupled Delft3D-Object Model to Predict Mobility of Munition on Sandy Seafloor

The coupled Delft3D-object model has been developed to predict the mobility and burial of objects on sandy seafloors. The Delft3D model is used to predict seabed environmental factors such as currents, waves (peak wave period, significant wave height, wave direction), water level, sediment transport, and seabed change, which are taken as the forcing term to the object model consisting of three components: (a) physical parameters such as diameter, length, mass, and rolling moment; (b) dynamics of the rolling cylinder around its major axis; (c) an empirical sediment scour model with re-exposure parameterization. The model is compared with the observational data collected from a field experiment from 21 April to 13 May 2013 off the coast of Panama City, Florida. The experimental data contain both object mobility using sector scanning sonars and maintenance divers as well as simultaneous environmental time series data of the boundary layer hydrodynamics and sediment transport conditions. Comparison between modeled and observed data clearly shows the model’s capabilities and limitations.

Analisis Pengaruh Bentuk Slidding Roller Terhadap Torsi dan Daya Kendaraan Berbasis Continously Variable Transmission

This study aims to determine the ratio of power and torque on an automatic motorbike using two different rollers, namely a cylindrical roller with a sliding roller with a weight of 12 grams each. The method used in this research is the experimental method. The testing and retrieval process carried out at the Gede Widi Motor workshop, and data collection was carried out five repetitions for each variation. After testing, there are differences in torque and power on the cylinder roller with roller sliding. The cylinder roller reaches the highest torque of 7.6 Nm at Rpm 4000. The highest power is 7.46 Hp at Rpm 7000, while in roller sliding, the highest torque is 11.82 Nm at Rpm 4000 and the highest power 7.56 Hp at 7000 RPM.

Model of Metal Microstructure Evolution Considering Shear Effect and Its Simulation Application in Rolling of Heavy Cylinders.

In the rolling process of heavy cylinders, the deformation section is subjected to the effects of compression and shear. In order to analyze the influences of the shear effect on the microstructure evolution characteristics, a mathematical model was established and the rolling process was simulated. Firstly, shear-compression specimen (SCS) and ordinary cylinder specimens were designed, high-temperature compression experiments were carried out and the mathematical model of microstructure evolution considering shear effect was established; then, a program based on finite element software was developed to simulate the microstructure evolution process, and the feasibility of the development program was verified by compression experiments. Finally, a macro–micro coupling model based on the development program was established to simulate the microstructure evolution of the heavy cylinder during the rolling process. Then, the influence of the shear effect on the microstructure evolution was analyzed. The results showed that the shear effect had a great influence on the heavy cylinder. Dynamic recrystallization was more likely to occur in the heavy cylinder during the rolling process and the grain refinement was more obvious; compared with the case without considering the shear effect, the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization was increased by 0.25%, and the grain size was refined by 30 μm.

Nonlinear viscoelastic isolation for seismic vibration mitigation

The aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of nonlinear viscoelastic damping in controlling base-excited vibrations. Specifically, the focus is to investigate the robustness of the nonlinear base isolation performance in controlling the system response due to a wide set of possible excitation spectra. The dynamic model is derived to study a simple structure whose base isolation is provided via a Rubber-Layer Roller Bearing (RLRB) (rigid cylinders rolling on rigid plates with highly damping rubber coatings) equipped with a nonlinear cubic spring, thus presenting both nonlinear damping and stiffness. We found that, under periodic loading, due to the non-monotonic bell-shaped viscoelastic damping arising from the viscoelastic rolling contacts, different dynamic regimes occur mostly depending on whether the damping peak is overcome or not. Interestingly, in the former case, poorly damped self-excited vibrations may be triggered by the steep damping decrease.Moreover, in order to investigate the robustness of the isolation performance, we consider a set of real seismic excitations, showing that tuned nonlinear RLRB provide loads isolation in a wider range of excitation spectra, compared to generic linear isolators. This is peculiarly suited for applications (such as seismic and failure engineering) in which the specific excitation spectrum is unknown a priori, and blind design on statistical data has to be employed.

A cheap and accurate technique of measuring the rolling time of cylinders

Measuring time of motion using photogates is a good solution when the moving object has plane surfaces or when you can put upon it a plane surface object, which acts as a beam stopper. There are however situations where other devices, and in particular micro-switches, although they are much cheaper than photogates, perform at least as well as photogates. In this frontline, I describe how we can construct an inclined plane equipped with micro-switches and how we can use it in experiments involving rolling cylinders.

Rolling cylinder and static friction: model and experiments

We present an experiment in which we measure the static friction force necessary for a cylinder to roll without slipping on a horizontal surface. Additionally, we introduce an alternative formulation of the rolling condition, based on the observation that the ratio between angular and linear momentum of an object rolling without slipping is independent of particulars of its motion. Since the same holds also for their rates of change, from the basic laws of dynamics, we derive a natural relation between forces and torques allowing for a physical interpretation of the dynamic behavior of the cylinder as well as determination of the value of the static friction force.

Rolling of a cylinder on the deformable surface with account of viscous lubricant

A friction unit describing in this article consists of an absolute solid cylinder and a deformable surface. The cylinder rolls on the surface. The viscous liquid is applied to the surface as a lubricant. The surface is getting deformed if the cylinder is rolling under the load. This article demonstrates that if the cylinder is rolling without load, a locally thin layer of lubricant is formed between the surface and the cylinder. When the cylinder is rolling on the surface, the surface is deforming by the load. A thin layer of lubricant between the cylinder and the surface also exists. Moreover, the presence of a layer of the lubricant leads to an increase of an impact area and to a decrease in the load per surface unit. The distribution of pressure in the thin layer of liquid is calculated. The presence of the layer of viscous incompressible liquid in a cylinder-surface pair leads to an increase of a contact area and more even pressure distribution over the surface. As a result, the measures of pressure on the surface is significantly reduced. The rolling cylinder makes less pressure than it is calculated in statics.

Wake dynamics and flow-induced vibration of a freely rolling cylinder

Abstract

Effect of contacting bodies’ mechanical properties on the dynamics of a rolling cylinder

This paper investigates the influence of the material properties on the deceleration dynamics of a deformable cylinder rolling with slipping on a half-space of the same material. The interaction of the cylinder and the half-space is described by the 2D quasistatic contact problem of viscoelasticity (Goryacheva: J Appl Math Mech 37(5):877–885, 1973; Contact mechanics in tribology. Kluwer, Dordrecht 1998) which includes as limiting cases the absolutely rigid and elastic materials. Full dynamical analysis of the problem including the phase portrait, the dependence of the deceleration distance on the mechanical properties of the contacting bodies and on the friction coefficient is provided. The qualitative features of deceleration are justified by asymptotic analysis.

Development of the Manufacturing Geometry of Conical and Cylindrical Worms by Analysing of Their Axoids

In this paper an examination has been outlined a possibility of further generalization respecting the DudĂĄs?s kinematic-mathematical model, which is suitable for the production geometric development of elements of helicoid drive pairs. The positioning of the rolling surfaces of the cylindrical and conical surfaces, as axoids of worms, in the extended model to the projective space under the right conditions, based on the surfaces invariant to projective transformations can be a right extension of the model, as the projective space model includes the Euclidean space model in full. The machining of the conical worm surfaces modelled in this method involves the clarification of the kinematic-geometric relations of production geometry in the Euclidean space model, which shows the possibility of further development of production geometry. The goal of generalization of the mathematical description is the systematization by creating central collinear projective connection between axoids (rolling cones and rolling cylinders). Managing the production geometry of the worms in a system is also a further improvement in manufacturing precision.

Determination of the coefficient of rolling friction of a hollow cylinder rolling on a curved track using a smartphone’s sensors

This paper demonstrated a simple experiment for determining the coefficient of rolling friction of a hollow cylinder rolling on a curved track using a smartphone’s sensors. We studied theoretically and experimentally the rolling motion of a hollow cylinder uncovered and covered with various materials (synthetic leather and sponge sheets). The smartphone (iPhone 4s) was attached to the end of the hollow cylinder for recording the angular position and angular velocity via the Rolling Cylinder application. The results showed that the coefficient of rolling friction depends on the velocity of the hollow cylinder. We expect that the experiment can be an alternative method for determining the coefficient of rolling friction and will help students better understand rolling motion.

Intelligent fault diagnosis method for rotating machinery based on vibration signal analysis and hybrid multi‐object deep CNN

Traditional labour-intensive methods always suffer from time and frequency blurring and cross-term interference when detecting fault features from vibration signals and their time–frequency representation. Such methods need essential expertise and prior knowledge to identify features. Intelligent fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have attracted great attention because of their ability to automatically learn the representative features in fault diagnosis. Therefore, a novel multi-object deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to diagnose the faults. In this method, time domain, frequency domain, and time–frequency data are organised as the hybrid multi-object input to avoid the shortcoming of the single type of data, which cannot reveal abundant information about amplitude and frequency in vibration signals. Deep CNN with four convolutional layers is constructed to intelligently learn the distinguished features. The adjacent convolutional layer is used to sensitively capture slight changes in the input data, and the other layers are used to extract and reduce the abundant features. Random forest is used to accurately classify the fault types. The vibration signal of cylinder rolling bearing and gearbox is used to validate the proposed method. The results are compared with those of other state-of-the-art methods to show the superior performance of the proposed method.

Dynamics of a viscoelastic cylinder on a viscoelastic half-space

The deceleration of a viscoelastic cylinder rolling with slipping on a viscoelastic half-space of the same material without driving forces and torques is studied. The interaction of the cylinder and the half-space is described from the solution of the 2D quasistatic contact problem of viscoelasticity (Goryacheva in J Appl Math Mech 37(5):877–885, 1973, Contact mechanics in tribology, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1998). This solution states that the contact region consists of the slip and stick zones, and it is shifted forward in the direction of motion. Contact normal and shear stresses and, therefore, the resultant force and torque depend on the values of the linear velocity of the cylinder and creep ratio, as well as the mechanical properties of contacting bodies and sliding friction coefficient. The Cauchy problem for dynamical equations of the cylinder’s deceleration was solved numerically. The analysis of the deceleration process and changes in the contact normal and shear stress distributions in time for various initial conditions is presented.

New guidelines for the application of Stokes' models to the sinking velocity of marine aggregates

AbstractNumerical simulations of ocean biogeochemical cycles need to adequately represent particle sinking velocities (SV). For decades, Stokes' Law estimating particle SV from density and size has been widely used. But while Stokes' Law holds for small, smooth, and rigid spheres settling at low Reynolds number, it fails when applied to marine aggregates complex in shape, structure, and composition. Minerals and zooplankton can alter phytoplankton aggregates in ways that change their SV, potentially improving the applicability of Stokes' models. Using rolling cylinders, we experimentally produced diatom aggregates in the presence and absence of minerals and/or microzooplankton. Minerals and to a lesser extent microzooplankton decreased aggregate size and roughness and increased their sphericity and compactness. Stokes' Law parameterized with a fractal porosity modeled adequately size‐SV relationships for mineral‐loaded aggregates. Phytoplankton‐only aggregates and those exposed to microzooplankton followed the general Navier‐Stokes drag equation suggesting an indiscernible effect of microzooplankton and a drag coefficient too complex to be calculated with a Stokes' assumption. We compared our results with a larger data set of ballasted and nonballasted marine aggregates. This confirmed that the size‐SV relationships for ballasted aggregates can be simulated by Stokes' models with an adequate fractal porosity parameterization. Given the importance of mineral ballasting in the ocean, our findings could ease biogeochemical model parameterization for a significant pool of particles in the ocean and especially in the mesopelagic zone where the particulate organic matter : mineral ratio decreases. Our results also reinforce the importance of accounting for porosity as a decisive predictor of marine aggregate SV.

Beyond level planarity: Cyclic, torus, and simultaneous level planarity

In this paper we settle the computational complexity of two open problems related to the extension of the notion of level planarity to surfaces different from the plane. Namely, we show that the problems of testing the existence of a level embedding of a level graph on the surface of the rolling cylinder or on the surface of the torus, respectively known by the name of Cyclic Level Planarity and Torus Level Planarity, are polynomial-time solvable.Moreover, we show a complexity dichotomy for testing the Simultaneous Level Planarity of a set of level graphs, with respect to both the number of level graphs and the number of levels.

Green’s function molecular dynamics including viscoelasticity

The contact mechanical response of various polymers is controlled by the viscoelastic behavior of their bulk and the adhesive properties of their interface. Due to the interplay between viscoelasticity and adhesion it is difficult to predict the contact response, even more when surfaces are rough. Numerical modeling could be of assistance in this task, but has so far mostly dealt with either adhesion or viscoelasticity and focused on simple geometries. Ideally, one would need a model that can concurrently describe viscoelasticity, surface roughness, and interfacial interactions. The numerical technique named Green’s function molecular dynamics (GFMD) has the potential to serve this purpose. To date, it has been used to model contact between adhesive elastic bodies with self-affine surfaces. Here, as a first step, we extend the GFMD technique to include the transient contact response of frictionless viscoelastic bodies. To this end, we derive the constitutive equation for a viscoelastic semi-infinite body in reciprocal space, then integrate it using the semi-analytical method, and find the quasi-static solution through damped dynamics of the individual modes. The new model is then applied to study indentation as well as rolling of a rigid cylinder on a frictionless isotropic half-plane that follows the Zener model when loaded in shear. Extension of the method to a generalized viscoelastic model is straightforward, but the computational effort increases with the number of time-scales required to describe the material. The steady-state response of the rolling cylinder was provided analytically by Hunter in the sixties. Here, we use his analytical solution to validate the steady-state response of our model and provide additionally the transient response for bodies with various shear moduli.

MESIN ROLL PELAT BAHAN PEWTER

The design of the machine roll plate made from pewter to be developed is a machine that is simple, easy to be usde and does not endanger the user and use 1 phase ac motors. The system uses two cylinder rolls at the top and bottom with a thickness regulator by using a screw system. The material used is steel st. 40 for the roll materials and to get the smooth rolling process, then roll grinding cylinder. For the power cylinder roll will be analyzed by the software that is to know the voltage that occurs in the cylinder roll when rolling the pewter plate by assumed load of 1000 kg. The result of this research is the engine may roll the plate pewter with a size of 260 mm x 70 mm x 3 mm to a size of 430 mm x 77 mm x 1 mm, which takes 6 minutes of 1 plate pewter, plate surface pewter solid and smooth, and the size of the plate length increases ± 98% and ± 7% width, thus saving time, effort and cost in the casting process.