Rolling Plane Research Articles

Исследование внутренних напряжений в несущей ленте-подложке из нержавеющей стали AISI 310S для ВТСП проводов второго поколения методом нейтронной стресс-дифрактометрии

The method of neutron stress diffractometry has been used to study a distribution of residual stresses in the stainless steel AISI 310S ribbon, of 100 μm thick and 4 mm wide, in three directions – along, across and perpendicular to rolling plane. The residual macro stresses averaged over the ribbon length of 40 cm are determined. The longitudinal, transverse and normal macro stresses are respectively –71±21 MPa, –31±16 MPa, and –11±16 MPa on one edge of the ribbon and +30±19 MPa, +64±16 MPa, and +30±16 MPa on the other edge. Such distribution of macro stresses compressing the ribbon on one edge and stretching it on the other edge is inherent for so-called crescent-shaped deformation of the ribbon – its bending in rolling plane along rolling direction. A correlation between the macro stresses magnitude and the micro stresses presence has been observed – the stronger macro stresses the higher concentration of micro stresses.

Justification of non-power rotational working body for “STRIP-TILL”

In the last decade, the idea of narrow-band tillage for row crops has gained not only material realization, but also a real estimated framework in terms of energy and resource saving. The article presents a variant of the working body for strip tillage, as the simplest and most reliable in construction, at the same time the most effective in terms of achieving the agrotechnical quality of the treated soil. The design of the non-power rotary working body is as follows. At the maximum approaching of two symmetric afrontal and needle disks inclined from the vertical to the crossing of their rolling planes, a zone of soil destruction due to a fixed shift is formed. In this zone, the needles of the first disk make a working stroke approximately perpendicular to the direction of movement, and the needles of the second disk make a similar movement in the opposite direction in the intervals of the needles of the first disk. The soil in this area is first pinched between the needles, then destroyed, including large lumps. To exclude wear on the tips of the needles and the unstable progress of the entire non-driven rotary working body, the manufacture of needles in the self-sharpening mode is proposed, the recommended operating modes are given. An optimal variant of using a non-driven rotary working body as part of the transformer “narrow-band tillage adapter - seeder” is also proposed, on which the adapter can be aggregated with any seeder for row crops.

Mobile phone app Vs bucket test as a subjective visual vertical test: a validation study

BackgroundThe SVV tests the ability of a person to perceive the gravitational vertical. A tilt in SVV indicates vestibular imbalance in the roll plane, and thus injuries to the utricle or its connecting nerves. A validated bedside method (et, al., 2009, 72(19):1689–1692, Neurol, Zwergal) is the bucket method, in which the subject estimates the true vertical by attempting to properly align a straight line visible on the bottom of a bucket that is rotated at random by the examiner. In our study, the subjects need to align the plumb line on the Visual Vertical iOS app to the vertical direction.MethodsMeasurements of the SVV were made in 22 healthy subjects (16 females and 6 males). Each subject conducted 10 iterations of bucket test and 10 iterations of iOS app test. The reliability and validity of the iOS app was analyzed by SPSS21.ResultsCronbach’s α for the plumb line method was 0.976, and the iOS app was 0.978. Statistical comparison of SVV values measured by the iOS app and the bucket method showed no significant difference in distribution (Mann Whitney U test U = 0.944).ConclusionThe Visual Vertical iOS app is an effective and accessible substitute to the plumb line for the measurement of the validated bucket test.

An investigation of the effect of elastic membrane on liquid sloshing in partially filled tank vehicles

Roll plane fluid slosh within a partly-filled tank with an elastic membrane restraining the free surface is investigated through development of a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic and fluid-structure interaction (CFD-FSI) model. The air-membrane-liquid interaction analysis is performed to investigate effect of the membrane on the liquid cargo movement. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a circular tank with an elastic membrane-like restraint under harmonic lateral acceleration excitations. The validity of the CFD-FSI model is demonstrated on the basis of the laboratory-measured responses. The effectiveness of the membrane in limiting the fluid slosh is illustrated by comparing simulation results obtained for a circular tank with and without the membrane. It is shown that addition of the membrane could yield substantial reduction in the fluid cargo motion and thus roll moment, while increasing the fundamental slosh frequency by more than two times that obtained for the cleanbore tank.

Disc-foveal angle and ocular counterrolling as a key in its interpretation

Abstract Purpose Describe a time-sparing technique to measure disc-foveal angle (DFA), determine normal values and its role when analyzing paired fundus photographs. Methods DFA was analysed using the software program Keynote V 6.2.2 on 440 fundus photographs (3D OCT 2000, Topcon) of 20 individuals. The 11 different head positions were determined with the cervical range of motion device (CROM, Performance Attainment Associates). A reproducibility and correlation study between two fundus cameras (OCT 3D-2000 and TRC-50EX, Topcon) was performed. Results Mean DFA of the right and left eye was 5.5 ± 3.4° and 8.6 ± 2.9°, with a difference of 3.1° (p = 0.001 Wilcoxon signed-rank test) in the upright head position. Mean absolute difference in DFA between eyes was 3.5 ± 2.6°; an increase was seen with increasing head tilt (p = 0.000 Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Mean sum of DFA in both eyes was 14.1 ± 5.4°. On head-tilt of 20° and 40° to the right, mean ocular counterrolling (OCR) was 7.1° and 12.2° in right eye and 7.7° and 12.1° in left eye. On head-tilt of 20° and 40° to the left, OCR was 4.4° and 8° in right eye and 4.2° and 8.7° in left eye (p = 0.000 Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The two cameras showed strong correlation and high reproducibility. Conclusions Our DFA measurement technique is time-sparing and reproducible. Left eye shows higher disc-foveal angle than right eye. OCR occurs only in the roll plane. Absolute difference in disc-foveal angle between eyes changes according to head tilt, this information is of value when analyzing paired fundus photographs.

Using of Developable Surfaces As Acoustics Screens

In problems of modern acoustics it is necessary to construct reflections from surfaces of the 2- nd order and more complex ones. Due to the proposed systematization of reflecting surfaces on the principle of surfaces of normal to their generatrix, reflective surfaces are divided into five groups. The first group includes reflectors with beams of parallel direct normals to generatrises of developable surfaces. As reflectors, the developable surfaces are convenient to use, they are easy to create, are scattered and their transformation makes it possible to universalize the spectacle halls by changing the position of the reflecting screens and their shape, which affects the formation of zones of reception of sound energy, its concentration or dispersion, and also due to the transformation it is possible to change the time of reverberation in the spectacle halls.Developable surfaces are tangent to the intersection of the two surfaces of the second order or the double method is the method of running two surfaces of the second order or second order curves, or two curves of the second order. On the basis of these methods, the article deals with general methods of constructing developable surfaces of the 4-8th order of 3 and 4 classes and researches the properties of the congruence of the reflected rays, and, on the example of time cases, variants of the implementation of applied problems are offered. These cases are considered as most adaptable to the mechanical solution of the problem of constructing reflectors: developable surfaces obtained by rolling plane on two curves of the second order, which lie in parallel planes, perpendicular or at an angle. Due to the well-known equation of single-valued correspondence for the creation of torso surfaces, there is an analytical description of the surfaces of reflected rays. The congruence of normals of the developable surfaces is divided into a plane of parallel lines. The two-parameter set of reflected rays is divided into flat beams of straight lines, which can be constructed in two ways: relative to the surface of normal or tangent to the generatrix of developable surface.

Isolated Dizziness with Subjective Visual Vertical Tilt in Acute Infarction of Temporo-Parieto-Occipital Junction

Pathological tilts of the subjective visual vertical (SVV) in the roll plane are most sensitive and frequent clinical vestibular signs of unilateral lesions extending from the labyrinths via the brainstem and thalamus to the cortex. SVV deviations in cortical lesion are usually related with the parietoinsular vestibular cortex or superior temporal gyrus. We report isolated dizziness with contralesional SVV tilt with a focal infarction restricted to the right temporo-parieto-occipital junction. Key Words: Visual perception, Stroke, Dizziness

Clinical significance of head shake movement in three planes in individuals with dizziness.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of head shake movement on three head movement planes (yaw, pitch and, roll) in patients with dizziness despite normal vestibular test results. Twenty individuals aged between 20 and 51 years with complaints of dizziness were included in the study, and their results were compared with the results from twenty age- and gender-matched controls. Participants were assessed using the Sensory Organization Test, Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test which is based on the modification of the Sensory Organization Test on the yaw, pitch, and roll planes, videonystagmography, caloric test, and Dizziness Handicap Inventory. Significant differences were found in the yaw (p = 0.007), pitch (p < 0.001), and roll (p = 0.002) planes between the study and control groups of the Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test-5 scores. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of the Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test-2 scores in the yaw (p = 0.448), pitch (p = 0.213), and roll (p = 0.531) planes. When the sensitivity and specificity of Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test-5 conditions were examined, the highest specificity was observed in the pitch plane (100%), followed by the yaw (95%) and roll plane (95%). Dynamic head movements are an important parameter for the evaluation of balance performance. The head shake modification could be used effectively in three-movement planes in individuals with dizziness.

Stress Corrosion Cracking Observed in Ex-service Gas Pipelines: A Comprehensive Study

The properties affecting stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in ex-service API 5L X42 and X65 pipeline steels were investigated to determine the differences between the two grades. Field-grown sections of SCC affected pipelines were studied to determine what effect the physical properties had on SCC growth. Using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and a newly developed technique, SCC affected grains were separated from unaffected grains to determine the microstructural properties influencing SCC. It was confirmed in both grades that cracks primarily propagated between high angle grain boundaries and most coincident site lattice boundaries didn’t offer increased resistance to SCC. Σ3, Σ7, and Σ11 boundaries were present in higher proportions in uncracked grain boundaries than cracked in both grades. Crack arrest locations typically had high levels of {110}//RP (rolling plane) and {111}//RP textured grains ahead of cracks whilst cracked grain boundaries tended to contain both {110}//RP and {112}//RP textured grains. Uncracked outer surfaces of pipe in both grades contained mostly {110}//RP textured grains. Transgranular cracking was observed in both grades in isolated locations and tended to occur in {100}//RP and {111}〈112〉 textures.

Columnar grain growth in non-oriented electrical steels via plastic deformation of an initial columnar-grained solidification microstructure

Abstract The growth behavior of columnar grains in non-oriented electrical steels is studied via the plastic deformation of an initial columnar-grained solidification microstructure and annealing, based on changes in grain orientation and grain orientation spread (GOS) value. The proportion of high-strain grains increased with increasing plastic deformation. Moreover, slender {1 0 0}-textured columnar grains with low GOS values are obtained from the anisotropy of the strain energy induced by the temperature gradient. Besides, relatively coarse {1 0 0}- and {1 1 0}-textured columnar grains are obtained with a higher GOS value, resulting mainly from the migration of grain boundaries along the rolling plane induced by the anisotropy of the surface energy. The development of columnar-grained microstructures is an efficient method for improving the magnetic behavior of the final product.

Vestibular disorders in roll plane from brainstem to cortex

The aim is to review current knowledge of the perception of verticality, its normal function and disorders. This is based on an integrative graviceptive input from the vertical semicircular canals and the otolith organs. The focus is particularly on human psychophysics, neurophysiological and imaging data on vestibular disorders in the roll plane. The signs and symptoms are head tilt, vertical divergence of the eyes (skew deviation), ocular torsion, and tilts of subjective visual vertical (SVV) adjustments, all of which represent the so-called ocular tilt reaction (OTR). Furthermore, these signs will be related to mathematical modeling of specific vestibular cell functions for orientation in space in rodents and in patients. Pathological tilts of the SVV in the roll plane are most sensitive and frequent clinical vestibular signs of unilateral lesions extending from the labyrinths via the brainstem and thalamus to the parieto-insular vestibular cortex [[1]Brandt T. Dieterich M. The dizzy patient: Don’t forget disorders of the central vestibular system.Nat. Rev. Neurol. 2017 Jun; 13: 352-362https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2017.58Google Scholar]. Due to crossings of ascending graviceptive fibers, peripheral vestibular and pontomedullary lesions cause ipsilateral tilts of the SVV; ponto-mesencephalic lesions cause contralateral tilts. In contrast, SVV tilts, which are measured in unilateral vestibular lesions at thalamic and cortical levels, have two different characteristic features: (i) they may be ipsi- or contralateral, and (ii) they are smaller than those found in lower brainstem or peripheral lesions. Motor signs such as head tilt and body lateropulsion, i.e. components of OTR, are typical for vestibular lesions of the peripheral vestibular organ and the pontomedullary brainstem (vestibular nucleus). They are less frequent in midbrain lesions (interstitial nucleus of Cajal) and rare in cortical lesions. Vestibular function in the roll plane and its disorders can be mathematically modeled by an attractor model of the function of angular head velocity cells and head direction cells [[2]Glasauer S. Dieterich M. Brandt T. Neuronal network-based mathematical modelling of perceived verticality in acute unilateral vestibular lesions: from nerve to thalamus and cortex.J. Neurol. 2018 May 29; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-8909-5Google Scholar]. Conclusion: Clinical determinations of the SVV are easy and reliable. They indicate acute unilateral vestibular dysfunctions, the causative lesion of which extends from labyrinth to cortex. Together with additional ocular motor or brainstem signs they allow precise topographical diagnosis of side and level.

El ángulo papila-fóvea y la torsión ocular compensatoria, clave en su interpretación

PurposeDescribe a time-sparing technique to measure disc-foveal angle (DFA), determine normal values and its role when analyzing paired fundus photographs. MethodsDFA was analysed using the software program Keynote v.6.2.2 on 440 fundus photographs (3D OCT 2000, Topcon Corporation, Tokio, Japan) of 20 individuals. The 11 different head positions were determined with the cervical range of motion device (CROM, Performance Attainment Associates). A reproducibility and correlation study between two fundus cameras (OCT 3D-2000 and TRC-50EX, Topcon Corporation, Tokio, Japan) was performed. ResultsMean DFA of the right and left eye was 5.5±3.4° and 8.6±2.9°, with a difference of 3.1° (P=0.001 Wilcoxon signed-rank test) in the upright head position. Mean absolute difference in DFA between eyes was 3.5±2.6°; an increase was seen with increasing head tilt (P=0.000 Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Mean sum of DFA in both eyes was 14.1±5.4°. On head-tilt of 20° and 40° to the right, mean ocular counterrolling (OCR) was 7.1° and 12.2° in the right eye and 7.7° and 12.1° in the left eye. On head-tilt of 20° and 40° to the left, OCR was 4.4° and 8° in the right eye and 4.2° and 8.7° in the left eye (P=0.000 Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The two cameras showed strong correlation and high reproducibility. ConclusionsOur DFA measurement technique is time-sparing and reproducible. Left eye shows higher DFA than right eye. OCR occurs only in the roll plane. This information is of value when analyzing paired fundus photographs.

Orientation of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Image: Pursuit of Perfect Orientation Plane in Three Dimensions—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of nine reference planes used in orientation of as-received cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in all three dimensions. Materials and Methods The study was conducted on CBCT images of 15 adult subjects (mean age 21.2 ± 5.8 years). The anonymized CBCT images were oriented using five different methods created from nine reference planes by two experienced orthodontists. For each subject, pitch, yaw, and roll changes with five orientation methods were recorded twice by each observer. Statistical Analysis The inter- and intraobserver agreement was tested using intraclass correlation (ICC) and Bland–Altman plot. The intra- and interobserver error was analyzed using paired t-test. Analysis of variance and paired t-test were used to analyze the differences among the various pitch, roll, and yaw orientation planes. Results Inter- and intraobserver agreement (ICC, 0.9) was excellent for all the nine reference planes. The interobserver reliability showed statistically significant differences for four planes namely Frankfort horizontal plane constructed on right side (p = 0.014) and left side (p = 0.000), transorbital plane (p = 0.001), and midsagittal plane on top view (p = 0.036); however, the mean differences were clinically insignificant. Conclusion The landmark-based nine reference planes used in this study to orient CBCT images showed good reproducibility. Therefore, these reference planes can be used to orient CBCT images and can be incorporated into automated software.

Effect of Rolling Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Alloy Sheet Processed through Variable-Plane Rolling

AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet was produced through variable-plane rolling (VPRing) under different temperatures, and a conventional rolled AZ31 alloy was investigated for comparison. A basal texture was formed during these two processes. The texture intensity was closely related to dynamic recrystallization and deformation mechanism. Four types of twins appeared, namely {10-12} extension twins, {10-13} and {10-11} contraction twins and {10-11}-{10-12} double twins. High rolling temperature and rolling plane alteration were beneficial for activating {10-11}-{10-12} double twins. The tensile strengths revealed a declining trend with elevated rolling temperatures. The AZ31 alloy rolled at 573 K showed advantageous combination with a high yield strength of 286 MPa and compromised elongation of 5%. The mechanical anisotropy of VPRed AZ31 sheet decreased with nearly similar yield strengths along the roll direction (RD), transverse direction and 45° away from the RD. The VPRing process improved the rollability and strength of Mg alloy and reduced its mechanical anisotropy.

Evaluation of the postoperative stability of a counter-clockwise rotation technique for skeletal class II patients by using a novel three- dimensional position-posture method

The aim of this study is to evaluate the postsurgical stability of skeletal class II patients after performing a counter-clockwise rotational (CCWR) procedure for the maxilla-mandibular complex (MMC) by using a novel Three-dimensional (3D) Position-Posture(P-P) measuring method. Twenty-five patients (5 males and 20 females) were included in this study. The postoperative CT scans of the skull were taken before surgery(T0), 3–7 days (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) after surgery. Specific anatomic landmarks were chosen to determine the position of the segments, while three equally perpendicular planes were created to describe their posture. The results show that the linear relapse of maxillary landmarks during the follow-up were acceptable (≤0.5 mm). The relapse of maxillary pitch plane at 6-months follow-up is 1.52°, which is acceptable. There was a significant pitch plane relapse of the mandibular-body segment with an average of 1.86° between T1 and T2 models, 3.28° between T1 and T3 models. There was no significant difference between roll and yaw planes during the follow-up. We therefore conclude that the P-P method could be used to accurately analyze the postsurgical stability of skeletal class II orthognathic surgery cases. For CCWR procedures, it was also shown that the there is a tendency for recurrence most specially on the body of the mandible.

Ocular torsion and vertical divergence: A joint motor output for multisensory balance integration in the roll plane

Ocular torsion and vertical divergence: A joint motor output for multisensory balance integration in the roll plane

Delamination toughening in a low carbon microalloyed steel plate rolled in the dual-phase region

It is still a big challenge to obtain excellent low-temperature toughness for bulk steel materials. Delamination is an effective method to improve low-temperature toughness. In the present study, delamination toughening in a low carbon microalloyed steel plate with elongated and ultrafine-grained microstructure rolled in the dual-phase region has been investigated in detail. When toughness was measured along normal direction, the steel plate had a high upper shelf energy and no delamination occurred in the upper shelf region. A large delaminated crack parallel to rolling plane started to appear and changed the propagation path of main crack when testing temperature was lower than −60 °C. We find this kind of delamination induces a second upper shelf in the Charpy transition–temperature curve. The second upper shelf, reaching up to 300 J in the temperature range of −60 °C to −140 °C, results in excellent low-temperature toughness for the steel plate, and the ductile-brittle transition temperature is lowered to −157 °C. The developed steel plate also has high low-temperature toughness measured along transverse direction due to delamination. The effect factors on upper shelf energy, delamination mechanism and delamination toughening are discussed.

Learning and long-term retention of dynamic self-stabilization skills.

In earlier studies, we had subjects use a joystick to balance themselves when seated in a device programmed to behave like an inverted pendulum. Subjects tested in a vertically oriented roll plane showed rapid learning for dynamically stabilizing themselves about the direction of balance when it corresponded with the direction of gravity. Subjects tested in a horizontally oriented roll plane, unlike the vertical roll plane subjects, did not have gravitational cues to determine their angular positions and showed minimal learning and persistent cyclical drifting. We describe here a training program to enhance learning and performance of dynamic stabilization in the horizontal roll plane based on our previous finding that balance control involves two dissociable components: alignment using gravity-dependent positional cues and alignment using dynamic cues. We hypothesized that teaching subjects to balance in a vertical roll plane to directions of balance that did not correspond with the direction of gravity would enhance the ability to stabilize at the direction of balance in the horizontal roll plane where gravity-dependent cues are absent. All subjects trained in vertical rolllater showed greatly improved performance in horizontal plane balance. Control subjects exposed only to horizontal roll plane balancing showed minimal improvements. When retested 4months later, the training subjects showed further performance improvements during the course of the retest trials whereas the control group showed no further improvement. Our findings indicate that balance control can be enhanced in situations lacking gravitationally dependent position cues as in weightlessness, when initial training occurs with such cues present.

Basal texture formation behavior of M1 magnesium alloy during high-temperature compression deformation

Understanding the formation behavior of basal texture is important for improving formability. Many researchers found that deformation condition was an important factor in order to texture control on AZ system magnesium alloy. In case of M1 magnesium alloy has been investigated in texture formation resulting from grain size manipulation by precipitation, but there seems no studies on the texture development during high temperature on M1 magnesium alloy by deformation condition. In this study, microstructure evolution and texture formation behavior is investigated under various deformation conditions in M1 magnesium alloy. In order to make the same initial conditions, M1 magnesium ingot was rolled at 673K with a rolling reduction of 30%. Uniaxial compression test specimens were machined in such a way that the compression plane was parallel to the rolling plane, and subsequently annealed at 823 K for 1h. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out at 673K and 723K under a strain rate of 5.0x10−2s−1up to a strain of -1.0. EBSD measurement was performed for observation of crystal orientation distribution. As a result, occurrence of the dynamic recrystallization was confirmed. The position of maximum axis density of the texture and its intensity were varied depending on deformation conditions.

Influence of Cold Plastic Deformation on the Structure and Physicomechanical Properties of the Biocompatible Low-Modulus Zr51Ti31Nb18 Alloy

The influence of the degree of compression in the range of 46–84% upon cold rolling of rods of a biocompatible low-modulus Zr51Ti31Nb18 (IMP BAZALM) alloy preliminarily quenched from the β field on the formation of its structure, phase composition, and physicomechanical properties (hardness, elastic modulus) has been studied by the methods of optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, back-scattering electron diffraction, and microindentation. It has been established that with an increase in the degree of compression, a reorientation and elongation of the initially equilibrium β grains occur along the direction of rolling with the formation of a perfect filamentary structure in the rods with a minimum cross-section. The values of microhardness are stabilized in the range of 320–325 HV due to the development of dynamic recovery processes in the deformed structure, and the elastic modulus decreases from 68 to 55 GPa in the rolling plane of rods owing to the improvement of the {001}RP〈110〉RD-type texture, which leads to the appearance of the predominantly “low-modulus” 〈110〉 orientation in the direction of measurement.