Cold pilger rolling is an established technique used for the production of precision tubes that are closely related to energy production (nuclear power, off-shore engineering), the fabrication of ball bearings, etc. This process is attractive despite the difficulties in controlling the complicated strain path, which latter influences the process parameters and the behaviour of the material being pilgered. There are only a few models available that can be used in practice for the proper choice of suitable dimensions of the pierced billet for the pilger rolling of a particular tube and of optimal process parameters. A special computer-aided simulation model has been developed for the analysis of the influence of different process- and material-parameters on the rolling forces, the deformation, the distribution of accumulated strain, the temperatures and the materials properties of the pilgered tubes. Strain increments and the distribution of the accumulated strain in the material being pilgered are computed with regard to the strain path and combined with characterization of the material behaviour in terms of plastic anisotropy and cyclic deformation mode. The simulation model developed, PILGER, is used for investigation of the influence of the tube geometry, the rolling geometry, the plastic properties, friction, lubrication and cooling on the roll-separating forces, temperatures, deformation and properties of the pilgered tubes. The simulation model is a powerful tool for optimization of the process and control of the final properties of the product.