Role Of Women Research Articles

The Role of Muslim Women Education in National Transformation for Human Development

The significance of Muslim women's education in Islam for national transformation cannot be underestimated. Islam places a great focus on the role and empowerment of women, and Muslim women play a crucial part in shaping a nation's social, political, and economic landscape. Through their adherence to Islamic principles and values, Muslim women contribute to the development and progress of their respective countries. Their involvement in education, entrepreneurship, and community leadership helps to drive economic growth and social cohesion. It has been widely recognized that educated women are key contributors to the growth and development of society. The paper is purely theoretical in nature; it used a literature search of online published articles and an available database to gather the data. Secondary data was used as a major source for gathering information. The paper analytically discusses the emerging themes about women's education role in national transformation for human development. Findings revealed that empowering women through education can promote overall societal development Therefore, investing in the education of Muslim women is not only essential for national human development but also for national transformation. Furthermore, the findings of the paper revealed that the education of Muslim women is critical for the progress and prosperity of a nation. Study findings confirmed that women’s education has a significant impact on individuals and societal development in transformation for national development and capacity building for effective human development.

The Role of Women to Program Agribusiness Driving in Air Talas Tourism Village (ANGGREK DEWATA)

This research method takes the form of a qualitative field study or field research. The data collection techniques were carried out using observation with active participation, in-depth interviews, documentation and focus group discussions. The research results show: In the Agribusiness Program Driving Talas Air Tourism Villages (ANGGREK DEWATA) there are 3 (three) programs carried out by PT Pertamina EP Limau Field, namely: BU JUSI (Organic Cultivation of Siamese Oranges), BUDE ARTA MAJU (Women of Air Talas Village Managing Oranges) and PUTERI JELITA (Liquid Fertilizer from Air Talas Orange Waste. The economic impact of this program for women is an increase in family income by IDR 2,500,000/person/month or 20% from the previous year from product sales. This program also has a positive social and environmental impact. This is in line with the fifth SDG goal, namely gender equality Talas (DEWATA ORGANGREK) from the Social Return on Investment (SROI) Report shows that the calculated SROI value of the program is 1.66, indicating that every rupiah of program costs produces a positive change worth IDR 1.66. Meanwhile, from the results of the Community Satisfaction Index assessment, the Anggrek Dewata Program obtained Community Satisfaction Index (IKM) results with the predicate "Very Good", with an index value of 3.44 with a conversion value of 86.07%. The Commitment aspect received an average SME score of 3.80 and is included in the Very Good category. And the community has optimism to continue the program after the intervention is carried out.

Women and Urbanisation in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria

This study examines women's role in the urbanisation of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. From the standpoint of feminist theory, urbanisation is believed to create expanded opportunities for the general populace as well as for women, who typically face discrimination in rural economies. However, the initial FCT master plan ended up being distorted by the dynamics and complexities of Abuja's urbanisation and growth process over time, which is driven by political and economic realities. There are drawbacks to urbanisation in civilisations with strong sociocultural norms and values, such as the fact that women must endure various forms of gender inequality, discrimination, and exclusion, particularly in the political sphere, which present significant difficulties. This study makes use of secondary data to demonstrate how the FCT's 2003 reconstruction to its original Master Plan provided chances for active participation in which women were included for both native people and newcomers. In a similar vein, the Federal Capital Development Authority's (FCDA) and other local council offices, which hired indigenous people for their departments and agencies, significantly altered the way of life for women from being rural farmers to empowered workers. In order to address the issues facing women in the FCT, empowerment must be a multifaceted process that transforms the economic, political, social, psychological, and legal conditions of the weak (women). It must also aim to demolish cultural, traditional, and social norms that devalue, disempower, and dispossess women, with a primary goal of meeting their needs.

P-330 The impact of adenomyosis on pregnancy outcomes, from conception to birth- a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Study question What is the impact of adenomyosis and its phenotypes on spectrum of outcomes ranging from conception to birth? Summary answer Adenomyosis has a negative impact on implantation with reduced clinical pregnancy and live birth rate and increased risk of miscarriage and perinatal morbidity. What is known already Current evidence, including meta-analyses, on the impact of adenomyosis on reproductive outcomes is conflicting. There are data suggesting that adenomyosis has a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes whereas some studies have suggested that adenomyosis appears inert, with no impact on reproductive functions. A wide variation has been observed in the baseline population, type of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) stimulation protocol, number, order and type of ART cycles across the pooled observational studies. Alongside, there may be a spectrum of adenomyosis characteristics like the disease type, location, severity, and presence of coexisting endometriosis, resulting in heterogeneity and our interpretation of evidence. Study design, size, duration For this systematic review and meta-analysis, a comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science Core Collection, Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO ICTRP from inception until January 2024 with no language restriction. Observational studies were included with participants as women with natural and/or medically assisted reproduction (MAR) conception, exposure as adenomyosis diagnosed on imaging, histology or using WHO International Classification of Disease 10th edition (ICD-10) code (N80.0) and comparator as women without adenomyosis. Participants/materials, setting, methods Data was included from 51 observational studies for the meta-analysis of pregnancy and obstetric outcomes. ROBINS-E tool (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Exposure) was be used to assess the risk of bias. Odds ratio (OR) from individual studies were pooled using random-effects model to summarise the estimate for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence interval (CI) and mean differences for continuous outcomes. This was supplemented by sensitivity analyses. Clinical heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics. Main results and the role of chance Women with adenomyosis had reduced odds of implantation (OR = 0.78; CI: 0.72-0.86), lower clinical pregnancy (OR = 0.87; CI: 0.82-0.92), higher miscarriage (OR = 1.51; CI: 1.44-1.58), and lower live birth (OR = 0.56; CI: 0.50-0.63) compared to those without. Both, diffuse and focal adenomyosis were associated with lower live birth (OR = 0.56; CI: 0.45-0.72; diffuse and OR = 0.56; CI: 0.45-0.70; focal). The miscarriage risk was higher in junctional zone adenomyosis (OR = 4.04; CI: 1.17-13.94) compared to outer myometrium adenomyosis. The negative impact of adenomyosis was evident in subgroups of women undergoing donor oocyte cycles (OR = 0.62; CI: 0.50-0.76; live birth and OR = 1.83; CI: 1.26-2.66; miscarriage) and first ART cycle (OR = 0.55; CI: 0.48-0.65; live birth and OR = 2.16 CI: 1.72-2.71; miscarriage). Conversely, those with euploid embryo transfer, had a higher odds of miscarriage (OR = 1.90; CI:1.05-3.43) with no significant impact on live birth (OR = 0.78; CI: 0.52-1.19). The impact continued perinatally, including pre-eclampsia (OR = 1.32; CI: 1.23-1.41), small for gestational age (OR = 1.323; CI:1.25-1.40), placenta previa (OR = 3.99, CI: 3.53-4.51), caesarean section (OR = 1.97; CI:1.89-2.05), and low Apgar scores (OR = 0.911; CI:0.88-0.96). Limitations, reasons for caution The inherent heterogeneity among the included observational studies was high; however, subgroup analyses for type of ART cycle, number, and order of ART cycle and by phenotype of adenomyosis had low heterogeneity. This warrants caution when interpreting pooled outcome estimates for pregnancy and obstetric outcomes across general population of women. Wider implications of the findings Adenomyosis has a direct and negative impact on fertility and pregnancy outcomes by virtue of impaired implantation and trophoblastic function. Hence, adenomyosis needs to be factored in when counselling women about the success of MAR cycles and requires closer monitoring in pregnancy as a high-risk pregnancy. Trial registration number not applicable

P-384 The risk of early pregnancy loss following medicated frozen embryo transfer

Abstract Study question Do exogenous gonadocorticoids protect against early pregnancy loss (EPL) following frozen embryo transfer (FET)? Summary answer Exogenous gonadocorticoids conferred a 59.5% increased risk of EPL (p<.05) without any advantage to biochemical pregnancy rates. This corresponded to a significantly thinner pre-FET endometrium. What is known already During a medicated FET cycle, exogenous progestogens and/ or oestrogens are administered with the intention of inducing endometrial maturation prior to implantation. However, the concomitant administration of both these gonadocorticoids is known to produce secretory changes alongside endometrial proliferation. It is unclear whether this non-physiological morphology is truly favourable for implantation, with some authors reporting similar EPL rates between medicated and “natural” FET cohorts while others have found exogenous gonadocorticoids to reduce the risk of EPL compared to alternative protocols. Study design, size, duration Retrospective, single-centre cohort study assessing the rates of biochemical pregnancy and EPL following 819 FETs. All FETs were conducted between January 2019 and November 2022 within a single British centre. Participants were followed up at 6-8 weeks post-FET to assess for biochemical pregnancy and EPL. The former was defined as a positive urinary human chorionic gonadotropin; the latter was defined as the absence of pregnancy on transvaginal ultrasound despite previous confirmation of biochemical pregnancy. Participants/materials, setting, methods Participants comprised 586 women undergoing medicated FET cycles and 233 women undergoing “natural” cycles. Electronic healthcare records (EHRs) were accessed to record pregnancy outcomes, hormonal therapies and endometrial thickness at 48hrs prior to FET. Binomial variables were compared using Pearson’s chi-squared test; continuous variables were analysed via T-tests and logistic regressions. Cut-offs of 8mm, 9mm and 10mm were applied to endometrial thickness in sub-group analyses. Statistical test were conducted using STATA v18.0 (StataCorp LLC, Texas). Main results and the role of chance Women undergoing medicated FET cycles achieved 16.9% higher rates of biochemical pregnancy compared to women undergoing “natural” cycles (57.7% versus 49.4%, p<.05). However, they also suffered a 59.5% higher rate of EPL (28.8% versus 18.0%, p<.05), which corresponded to significantly thinner endometrium at pre-FET ultrasound in comparison to women on “natural” cycles (9.13mm versus 9.48mm, p<.05). Logistic regressions revealed that, within the medical FET cohort, each 1mm increase in thickness conferred a 13.8% increased risk of EPL (95%CI: 3.1%-25.5% p<.01) but no advantage in biochemical pregnancy rates. “Natural” cycles demonstrated no such association. Endometrial thickness was then dichotomised using three thresholds. Women undergoing medicated FET cycles whose endometrium exceeded 9mm or 10mm had 62.1% and 71.4% greater risk of EPL, respectively, compared to those below either threshold. Biochemical pregnancy rates did not differ. Women undergoing “natural” FET cycles did not exhibit any significant difference using either threshold, suggesting that the disparate EPL rate in medicated cycles may result from non-physiological endometrial stimulation by exogenous gonadocorticoids. The 8mm cut-off was insignificant in both cohorts. Although these results cannot confirm a causal relationship between exogenous gonadocorticoids, endometrial thickness and EPL, they are sufficiently striking to warrant further investigation into their pathophysiological basis. Limitations, reasons for caution EHRs failed to report endometrial thickness for 125 participants (15.3%), limiting statistical power in logistic regressions. Our results cannot be confidently applied to other centres until further studies are conducted. Additionally, our design did not allow for the disparity in EPL rates to be attributed to a particular pathophysiological mechanism. Wider implications of the findings This data generates further uncertainty within the literature with regards to the relative risk of EPL in medicated versus “natural” FET cycles. The empirical evidence to support one protocol over the other is insufficient at present, and thus clinical recommendations should be based on the individual preferences of each patient. Trial registration number not applicable

P-489 Examining information, willingness to donate and beliefs regarding gamete donation among people of reproductive age

Abstract Study question Which beliefs, motives and psychosocial characteristics distinguish people who are willing to donate their gametes from those who are not? Summary answer Willingness to donate does not differ between men and women, but there are differences in beliefs surrounding its risks, motivations and psychological characteristics. What is known already Previous studies have examined the main psychological characteristics of donors and their motivation to donate. Literature shows that donation is motivated by altruism, with donors being autonomous, self-confident, self-acceptant, and goal-orientated people, guided by meaningful values. Gender differences showed that egg donors often have close contact with infertility situations and motherhood and would like to provide this joy to other women. Sperm donors are more motivated by curiosity about their own fertility and want to spread their “good” genes. However, here is still much to know about what distinguish those who are willing to donate from those who are not. Study design, size, duration This is a cross-sectional study. Data was collected through an online questionnaire, which was disseminated using social media. Inclusion criteria were being adult, within a reproductive age range (between 18 and 35 years old), and fluent in Portuguese. Participants/materials, setting, methods A total of 405 participants completed the survey (305 women and 99 men). The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, beliefs towards gamete donation, reasons that might impact the likelihood of donating, and psychological characteristics through self-administered instruments: Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR), Self-Compassion Scale (SELFCS), Self-Report Altruism Scale (SRAS), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Independent t-test was performed to compare men and women and participants willing or not to donate gametes. Main results and the role of chance Women were 22.86 (±.23) years old and men 24.34 (±.43). A total of 24.2% of participants were willing to donate gametes. There were no gender differences regarding willingness. Significantly more women than men believed that donating gametes might imply psychological risks (p=.001). There were gender differences in motivations to donate. Women were more likely to donate if they could receive fertility counselling (p=.005) and information about infertility (p=.037), and if they could talk with other donors (p<.001) than man. Among women, those willing to donate believed donating would not cause psychological damage (p=.004), would be supported by their social network (p =.006) and would not be criticized by family and friends if they did so (p=.011) compared to those not willing. Psychological differences revealed that women willing to donate presented higher levels of common humanity (p=.003), self-kindness (p=.046), were more altruistic (p<.001) and extroverted (p=.027) than those who were not. No differences were found regarding their attachment orientation. Among men, the only differences distinguishing those who considered donating sperm and those who did not was their altruism levels (p=.047). No differences were found regarding their beliefs towards gamete donation, perceived support regarding the decision, attachment style, self-compassion, and personality traits. Limitations, reasons for caution This study included a convenience sample, and participants lacked adequate information about the legal context and implications of donating gametes in Portugal. The sample size of participants considering donating was small, which may affect our conclusion. Wider implications of the findings Women who consider donating seem to present more salient psychological characteristics than men. Stigma and misinformation might prevent women from considering donating eggs. The possibility of receiving fertility counselling and share their experiences with other donors are valued in the process, which should be considered when recruiting donors. Trial registration number NA

O-226 Effects of preventive uterine artery occlusion during laparoscopic myomectomy on ovarian reserve markers: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Study question Does definitive occlusion of uterine arteries have a short or long term impact on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in reproductive age women undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy? Summary answer Preventive uterine artery occlusion during laparoscopic myomectomy does not impact AMH levels in reproductive age women. What is known already Uterine leiomyoma are the most common benign tumours in women of reproductive age. For symptomatic women willing to retain their uterus, especially for a future pregnancy, the current gold standard is the myomectomy for subserous/intramural leiomyoma. Temporary or definitive occlusion of uterine arteries can be performed to control bleeding during surgery but its impact on ovarian reserve markers is still unknown. A single randomized trial with a one-year follow-up demonstrated that temporary bilateral uterine artery occlusion during laparoscopic myomectomy slightly decreased AMH levels at day-2 after surgery but has no impact thereafter 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Study design, size, duration We conducted a randomized controlled trial with a two-year follow-up evaluating the effect of definitive occlusion of uterine arteries on ovarian reserve via sequential measures of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. Fifty-eight women with symptomatic leiomyoma type FIGO 3-6 scheduled for laparoscopic myomectomy at were included between July 2015 and October 2021. Participants/materials, setting, methods Patients were randomized into: the intervention group (laparoscopic myomectomy with preventive occlusion of uterine arteries) and the control group (laparoscopic myomectomy without occlusion of uterine arteries) ). AMH evaluated at T0 and followed at 1 month (T1), 3 months (T3), 6 months (T6), 12 months (T12) and 24 months (T24) after surgery. Intraoperative blood loss, leiomyoma recurrence and adenomyosis occurrence were also evaluated comparing pre- and post-operative findings. Finally, pregnancies and live births were monitored. Main results and the role of chance Women in both groups did not differ in their baseline characteristics in terms of age, body mass index, ethnicity, parity, wish to become pregnant, hormonal treatment, leiomyoma number and size, baseline haemoglobin levels, bleeding symptoms baseline AMH levels and antral follicular count (AFC). The mean operative time was similar in between both groups. Mean blood loss during surgery was on average 138 (±104)ml in the intervention group versus 436 (±498)ml in controls (p < 0.001). The difference in haemoglobin between before and after surgery was significantly higher in the control group 21.8 (±12.7)g/l compared with the intervention group 14.8 (±8.9)g/l (p = 0.02). Regarding clinical symptoms, most patients had decreased menstrual flow at the last follow-up visit (24 months) compared to baseline in both group improvement of dysmenorrhea followed the same trend with a reduction in pain levels in both groups. Risk of leiomyoma recurrence was found similar between both groups. Most importantly, AMH levels were similar between groups at all times (T1, T3, T6, T12 and T24) and non-inferiority of preventive occlusion was demonstrated with a non-inferiority margin of -3.5pmol/L (0.5 ng/ml). The pregnancy rate was not different between groups. Limitations, reasons for caution Our sample size was calculated to detect a clinically relevant difference of at least two-third of the standard deviation in AMH levels, but we cannot exclude a smaller impact on AMH with a different sample size. Wider implications of the findings Preventive uterine artery occlusion during laparoscopic myomectomy does not impact ovarian reserve markers and can be safely used to control perioperative bleeding. Trial registration number NCT02563392

P-625 Association between advanced maternal age in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and adverse obstetric outcomes

Abstract Study question What is the effect of advanced maternal on the likelihood of experiencing adverse pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with PCOS? Summary answer Advanced maternal age in women with polycystic ovary syndrome confers an additional risk of pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, c-section, and placenta previa. What is known already Women with PCOS have an increased risk of obstetric complications, including preterm delivery, PROM, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, and placental abruption. Similarly, the impact of advanced maternal age on pregnancy outcomes has been widely studied. Studies have highlighted the association between advanced maternal age and increased risks of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm labor, cesarean section, stillbirth, and fetal growth restriction. The role of advanced maternal age on pregnancy complications in PCOS in a population database has not been thoroughly evaluated. Study design, size, duration A retrospective population-based study using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) database was performed. All deliveries between 2004 to 2014, inclusively, were studied using ICD-9 codes. Within the study period, 14,846 women had a diagnosis of PCOS, of which 943 (6.35%) were of significant advanced maternal age (38-43 years/old). The study could not be extended since in 2015 ICD-10 codes were used which are not compatible with ICD-9 codes. Participants/materials, setting, methods Chi-squared tests were used for comparison of demographics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), controlling for confounding effects. According to Tri-Council Policy statement (2018), IRB approval was not required, given data was anonymous and publicly available Main results and the role of chance Women with PCOS and advanced maternal age were more likely to develop pregnancy complications, including pregnancy induced hypertension (aOR 1.32; 95% CI: 1.09-1.59; p = 0.004), preeclampsia (aOR 1.51; 95% CI: 1.16-1.98; p = 0.003), and gestational diabetes mellitus (aOR 1.66; 95% CI: 1.40-1.97; p < 0.001), after controlling for confounding demographics. Women with PCOS of advanced maternal age were also at increased risk of delivery by cesarean section (aOR 1.20 95% CI: 1.10-1.43; p < 0.001). Women with PCOS and advanced maternal age were not at an increased risk of preterm delivery, PPROM, placental abruption, chorioamnionitis, operative vaginal delivery, post-partum hemorrhage, wound complications, transfusion, maternal infection, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, venous thromboembolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation and eclampsia (p > 0.05 in all cases). Results demonstrated no difference in the rate of women who gave birth to SGA infants, the rate of IUFDs, and the rate of infants with congenital anomalies between the two groups. Limitations, reasons for caution The limitations of our study are its retrospective nature and use of an administrative database which relies on the accuracy and consistency of the individuals coding the data. There are known limitations in how accurately hospital coding is able to capture perinatal conditions and complications. Wider implications of the findings The impact of advanced maternal age on the relationship between PCOS and pregnancy outcomes should be considered when counseling and planning care for pregnant women affected by these conditions. This emphasizes the importance of optimal perinatal care in older women with PCOS as they have higher risks of obstetric complications. Trial registration number NA

P-669 Not the oocyte yield but the number of embryos predicts live birth at high response: analysis of 39,136 fresh IVF/ ICSI cycles from National Database

Abstract Study question Oocyte or embryo yield- which is a better predictor of live birth (LB) in fresh cycle IVF/ ICSI? Summary answer The embryo yield is better than oocyte in predicting fresh-cycle LB and positively correlates with LB at high ovarian response when the oocytes yield doesn’t. What is known already As the LB rates plateau after a certain oocyte yield, the number of oocytes collected no longer can predict the live birth in IVF/ ICSI cycles with fresh embryo transfer.Since pregnancy outcomes also depend on the number of mature oocytes obtained, fertilisation rate and subsequent embryo development, it can be postulated that the number of total or transferrable embryos could be a better predictor of LB. Study design, size, duration Retrospective analysis of 39,136 fresh IVF/ ICSI cycles that met the inclusion criteria from the national database published by Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) in the United Kingdom. We analysed 2 years of published data between January 2015 and December 2016. Participants/materials, setting, methods Only the first cycles of IVF/ ISCI that had oocyte retrieval procedure with intended fresh embryo transfer were included. Couples with any cause of infertility and female partners aged up to 44 years were included. Very few cycles with >25 oocytes had fresh transfer, therefore excluded. The ovarian response has been graded by 0-5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25 collected oocytes. Significant confounders found in univariate analysis were adjusted for in the multiple regression model. Main results and the role of chance Women’s age, method of insemination (IVF or ICSI) and number of transferred embryos and stage of transfer significantly associated with LB in univariate analysis (p < 0.0001 each). The oocyte yield predicted fresh-cycle LB only in low response group (0-5 oocytes), but not in higher response groups. Total number of embryos, the number of transferable embryos and embryo utilisation rate remained positively correlated with LB in all response groups. The number of transferable embryos found to be the best predictor of LB with the highest adjusted OR 1.51 (CI:1.4-1.65, p < 0.0001) in the lowest response (0-5 oocyte) group, that gradually declined to 1.06 (CI:1.03-1.10, p = 0.0003) in 21-25 oocytes group. Followed next by the total number of embryos with the highest adjusted OR of 1.20 (CI:1.13-1.27, p < 0.0001) in the lowest response (0-5 oocytes) group, down to 1.04 (CI:1.02-1.06, p = 0.0003) in the 21-25 oocytes group. The number of oocytes was the weakest in predicting LB (adjusted OR 1.07 (CI 1.02-1.12; p = 0.003) in the 0-5 oocytes group only. The inference remained the same when ICSI cycles with supposedly sperm factor was excluded. Limitations, reasons for caution Information on patient’s BMI or stimulation dose is not available in the HFEA database. However, it might have little impact in our findings, given large sample size. Ages are given in groups, so the groups taken as ordinal (dummy) variables in multiple regression analysis. Cumulative LB data were not available. Wider implications of the findings Having been influenced by both oocyte and sperm competency, the number of transferable embryos may have a stronger relation with the pregnancy outcomes than merely the oocyte number. On theory, this may be applicable for cumulative LB too, but awaiting confirmation by data evidence. Trial registration number Not applicable

Women's contributions versus Men's patriarchal status among Afar pastoralists in the Lower Awash Valley

This study examined women's unrecognized roles in facilitating socio-economic interactions and clan networks in a patriarchal society. A qualitative research methodology was chosen. Situational observations, key interviews, and group discussions were applied as data-gathering tools. A thematic descriptive analysis method was used to examine the data that had been gathered. Accordingly, the study found that women are not participating in leading customary institutions and publicly due to the traditional patriarchal domination. However, the customary law shields women from various presumptions. It has been noted women's participation in maintaining social order, economic reciprocity, and resource sharing. Most importantly, women's continual control of household responsibilities and income-generating activities is essential to Afar society's survival. The study recommends that multifaceted interventions should be made to maintain women's role in supporting their traditional methods of engaging in maintaining clan networks. An intervention should mostly be better focused on women's activities as it will help to explore additional mechanisms that uplift either women by themselves or by the initial intervention system. Therefore, the study recommends incorporating pastoral women's roles into more extensive women's enclave empowerment policies and removing the existing sociocultural limitations to allow them to contribute more to pastoral livelihoods.

The Role of Women in Farming Activities and the Coffee Supply Chain in Cigalontang District, Tasikmalaya Regency

The Role of Women in Farming Activities and the Coffee Supply Chain in Cigalontang District, Tasikmalaya Regency

Heterosexual couples' initial role and outcome expectations as predictors of the therapeutic alliance and relationship satisfaction prior to the fourth session.

We sampled routinely collected measures of role and outcome expectations, the expanded therapeutic alliance, and relationship satisfaction completed by 253 heterosexual couples seen by 35 therapists in the Marriage and Family Research Practice Network (Johnson et al., 2017) and investigated these variables as interdependent dyadic processes using the latent congruence model (Cheung, 2009) and the mediated actor-partner interdependence model (Ledermann et al., 2011). Taken together, we found a direct association between a couple's mean role and outcome expectation scores at Session 1 and individual partners' alliance perceptions at Session 3. Further, men rated the alliance more favorably when their outcome expectations were higher and the partners' outcome expectations were less discrepant. In terms of role expectations, both men and women began therapy expecting to be more actively engaged in the process than their partner. Whereas women rated the alliance more favorably when they had high role expectations for their partner as well as themselves, men rated the alliance more favorably when they had high expectations for their female partner's engagement in the therapy. Notably, alliance at Session 3 did not mediate the association between initial expectations and Session 4 relationship satisfaction due to a strong association (r = 0.85) between relationship satisfaction rated prior to Sessions 1 and 4. In other words, although the best predictor of relationship status before the fourth session was how the relationship was perceived before couple therapy began, men's and women's initial role and outcome expectations were important contributors to the early alliance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Quality of Women's Role in Social, Economic and Political Dimensions and the Role of Academic Institutions in Making It Happen

In various dimensions of social life, especially in the social, economic and political dimensions, there are differences in the quality of roles between men and women, where the quality of women's roles in these three dimensions is still very weak. This cannot be separated from the social order and system that develops in society, such as labels given to women which indirectly hinder women's movements. The maximum role of academic institutions is also expected to improve the quality of women's roles. If we pay attention so far, it is very clear that the role of academic institutions has not been able to function optimally in improving the quality of women's roles. Therefore, this discussion wants to explain the quality of women's roles in social, economic and political aspects, as well as what steps academic institutions must take to make this happen.

Role of Rural Women in Production and Marketing of Agricultural product in Khormal Sub-District- Halabja Governorate

The aim of this study was to determine the role of rural women in production and marketing of agricultural products in Zalm village, and identify the differences in production and marketing of agricultural products of rural women’s role according to some variables (Age, Level of Education, Marital status, number of family, Standard of Living, Profession and Women’s income). The research population involved all women in zalm village included (50) women. The data was collected through personal interviews; questionnaire was prepared for this purpose, to confirm the validity the questionnaire was reviewed by some experts. The results showed that the Role of rural women’s in Agricultural production was medium tend to low, while the Role of rural women’s in marketing of agricultural products was low tend to medium. The results indicated significant differences in women’s role of agricultural production according to (Level of Education, Standard of Living, and profession), while no-significant differences according to (age, Marital status, number of family, Women’s income), also The results appeared significant differences in women’s role of agricultural marketing according (Level of Education, and profession), while no significant differences according (age, Marital status, number of family, Standard of Living, Women’s income). Depending on the results we conclude that the work in the agricultural sector has changed due to the lack of government support for farmers in terms of providing agriculture Requirements for production or marketing of their products. The result shows that the level of education affects the role of women in production and marketing, as well as educational levels leads to an increase in their awareness and culture, and the expanding their knowledge of the importance of the agricultural sector. The Researcher recommended encouraging and supporting rural women to engage in agricultural work by the responsible authorities, and increasing their awareness of the importance of working in this field through the use of various extension methods, as well as working to provide agricultural production and marketing requirements so that their potential is properly exploited for the development of the agricultural sector.

Role Of Women In Regional Development In The Dadapayu Village, Semanu Subdistrict, Gunungkidul Regency, Province Of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Role Of Women In Regional Development In The Dadapayu Village, Semanu Subdistrict, Gunungkidul Regency, Province Of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DISKURSUS PEREMPUAN SEBAGAI KEPALA RUMAH TANGGA (TEORI FEMINIST JURISPRUDENCE)

This study explores the "Discourse of Women as Heads of Households (Feminist Jurisprudence Theory)" with a focus on feminist jurisprudence theory's significant role in the field of legal studies, due to its ideas influencing many debates on sexual and domestic violence, workplace inequality, and gender-based discrimination. Through various approaches, feminists have identified gender components and the gender implications of legal norms and their supposedly neutral implementation, which have historically adversely impacted women in the contexts of employment, divorce, reproductive rights, rape, domestic violence, and sexual harassment. This research is a library research study, employing a qualitative research methodology, where primary data was collected by sourcing relevant books, supplemented by secondary data from articles, papers, news websites, etc. The study identifies gender-biased legal norms that affect women's roles as heads of households, particularly in terms of access to economic resources, family decision-making, and legal protection. Through a critical approach, this study also highlights the challenges faced by female heads of households in maintaining justice within the family, and the urgent need for legal reform to achieve better gender equality. Considering the perspectives from feminist jurisprudence theory, this research emphasizes the importance of changing phallocentric legal paradigms to accommodate the significant contributions of women in managing households and building a gender-inclusive society.

Pemberdayaan Perempuan melalui Pendidikan Islam Progresif Suud Sarim Karimullah: Analisis Strukturalisme dan Implikasinya

This study aims to explore the role of Progressive Islamic Education in women's empowerment from the perspective of Suud Sarim Karimullah. It employs a qualitative research methodology, focusing on a literature review that includes an analysis of the works of Suud Sarim Karimullah and related literature, such as relevant books and journals, analyzed based on structuralism theory. This study demonstrates that Progressive Islamic Education, which combines fundamental Islamic principles with modern values such as gender equality and human rights, can enhance women's access to quality education. This education not only empowers women in terms of education but also increases their participation in the workforce and political decision-making. Additionally, Progressive Islamic Education helps to overcome social and cultural barriers, as well as gender stereotypes that limit women's roles. By involving the Muslim community, including religious leaders and families, Progressive Islamic Education can foster positive change in society. The impact of women's empowerment through Progressive Islamic Education is evident in the improvement of economic well-being, poverty reduction, and increased social stability. Structuralism analysis shows that Progressive Islamic Education can shape social structures that support change, address patriarchal norms, and promote sustainable gender equality. Therefore, from the perspective of Suud Sarim Karimullah, Progressive Islamic Education is an effective tool for women's empowerment and the development of an inclusive and just society.

Women and Modern Families: An Analysis of Quraish Shihab's Perspectives

In modern families, Islamic values are increasingly eroded due to the challenges posed by the advancement of information and communication technology. In contemporary Muslim families, wives often work outside the home but still serve as the primary educators within the family. This article aims to elucidate the concept of a harmonious family in the context of modern life, according to Quraish Shihab. The research employs a qualitative method with data collection techniques based on a literature review, examining Quraish Shihab's thoughts through his works from 1996 to 2022, encompassing ten books related to family issues. The findings reveal that Quraish Shihab places significant emphasis on the role of women and family. According to his works, including "Perempuan" and "Pengantin Al-Qur’an," a harmonious family involves prospective spouses getting to know each other before marriage, having a lawful marriage contract in Islam, and ensuring the presence of a guardian during the marriage ceremony. Couples should support each other, exchange roles, and maintain good communication. Shihab also highlights the importance of women's roles in working and education in modern families, advocates for balanced marriage ages, and outlines the conditions under which divorce is permissible in Islam. These principles are highly relevant to the realities faced by modern families today.

Enhancing Women's Capacity in Funeral Management: A Community Service Study in Lima Puluh Kota Regency

This community service aims to enhance the capacity of women in managing funeral rites in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra. Through a series of training sessions conducted in six locations, this program is designed to empower women to be more confident and skilled in performing funeral management tasks according to Islamic law. The methods include lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on practice, enabling participants to understand and practically apply the necessary skills. The results of the community service show a significant improvement in the participants' technical skills and confidence, as well as a positive change in women's active participation in religious activities within the community. Additionally, this training successfully shifted societal perceptions of women's roles, recognizing them as capable and important in funeral management. In conclusion, this program not only contributes to women's empowerment but also to the development of a more inclusive and empowered community. The program has the potential to be replicated in other regions with similar cultural contexts, thereby broadening its impact on women's empowerment and community capacity building.

WOMEN AS A STRATEGIC GROUP: WOMEN'S STRATEGY IN POLITICAL NETWORKS THROUGH THE ECONOMIC AREA

Abstract Women’s participation in economic field and politic is often viewed in a dichotomous manner, where the economy is referred as "low politics." Women’s participation in economic organization is also seen as non-strategiv activism, which interpreted as activities that are distant or excluded from electoral politics and has less influence on the decision-making process. This research aims to challenge the argument and suggests that women's roles in the economy are indeed interconnected with the political sector. The study argues that women use their institutional capital as members of IWAPI to build relationships and political networks, where the appropriation of interests which means securing access to specific resources is the main goal. This research utilizes the Strategic Group theory from Evans Dieter-Evers and finds that women affiliated with IWAPI adopt personal and corporate appropriation modes in pursuing their interests. Personal appropriation is closely related to strengthening political networks through political parties to drive institutional change, while corporate appropriation is carried out by IWAPI members through expanding business networks and forming resource alliances. Furthermore, women can be categorized as a strategic group with business types and often employ cooperative strategies with other strategic groups. IWAPI is ultimately referred to as an organization formed by strategic groups of women for the appropriation of specific interests. Keywords: Women, strategic groups, agency, appropriation of interests